{"id":1161,"date":"2013-06-22T15:01:28","date_gmt":"2013-06-22T13:01:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=1161"},"modified":"2013-11-30T11:02:12","modified_gmt":"2013-11-30T09:02:12","slug":"5-%e4%bc%8a%e6%96%af%e8%98%ad%e9%bc%93%e5%8b%b5%e5%ad%b8%e7%bf%92","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=1161","title":{"rendered":"5.\t\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u9f13\u52f5\u5b78\u7fd2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u975e\u5e38\u5f37\u8abf\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u5c0d\u7537\u5973\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e3b\u547d\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u767c\u73fe\u90fd\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u8b1b\u8ff0\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u6c92\u6709\u6c96\u7a81\u6216\u4e0d\u548c\u8ae7\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u662f\u5b89\u62c9\u964d\u793a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u672c\u4f86\u9762\u76ee\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u767c\u73fe\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u838a\u56b4\u8207\u5049\u5927\u3001\u4ed6\u7684\u5927\u80fd\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u6c38\u6046\u7684\u667a\u6167\u90fd\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u800c\u96a8\u8457\u9019\u7a2e\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5c0d\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e5f\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u6210\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8868\u660e\u5b89\u62c9\u5168\u77e5\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u7684\u5c0a\u540d\u6709\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u3002\u5b89\u62c9\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u77e5\uff0c\u7121\u4e00\u4e8b\u4e00\u7269\u5728\u5b89\u62c9\u9762\u524d\u662f\u96b1\u79d8\u7684\u3002\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u52aa\u529b\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u5411\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u5168\u77e5\u9019\u4e00\u5c6c\u6027\u9760\u650f\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u8056\u8a13\u548c\u300a\u53e4\u862d\u7d93\u300b\u7d93\u6587\u90fd\u662f\u9f13\u52f5\u4eba\u5011\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u9ad8\u7121\u4e0a\u7684\u5b89\u62c9\u8aaa:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u4f60\u8aaa:\u2018\u6211\u7684\u4e3b\u554a\uff01\u6c42\u4f60\u589e\u52a0\u6211\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u2019\u201d(\u300a\u5854\u54c8\u300b20\uff1a114)<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u95dc\u65bc\u7f6a\u60e1\u7684\u5bc6\u8ac7\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u60e1\u9b54\u7684\u8a98\u60d1\uff0c\u4ed6\u6b32\u4f7f\u4fe1\u9053\u8005\u6182\u6101\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u771f\u4e3b\u7684\u8a31\u53ef\uff0c\u4ed6\u7d55\u4e0d\u80fd\u50b7\u5bb3\u4ed6\u5011\u4e00\u7d72\u6beb\uff1b\u6559\u4fe1\u58eb\u5011\u53ea\u4fe1\u6258\u771f\u4e3b\u5427\u3002(\u300a\u8faf\u8a34\u8005\u300b58\uff1a11)<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5148\u77e5\u8aaa:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u5e36\u8457\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u9858\u671b\u51fa\u884c\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u6703\u628a\u4ed6\u653e\u5728\u901a\u5411\u6a02\u5712\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u3002\u5929\u4f7f\u56e0\u70ba\u611b\u4ed6\u800c\u4f38\u5c55\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7fc5\u8180\u4fdd\u8b77\u4ed6\uff0c\u5929\u5730\u9593\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u9b5a\u4e5f\u6703\u70ba\u6c42\u5b78\u8005\u8acb\u6c42\u5bec\u6055\u3002\u6c42\u5b78\u8005\u4e4b\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u5d07\u62dc\u8005\u7684\u512a\u8d8a\u6027\u5c31\u50cf\u6eff\u6708\u4e4b\u65bc\u661f\u661f\u7684\u512a\u8d8a\u6027\u3002\u5b78\u8005\u662f\u5148\u77e5\u7684\u7e7c\u627f\u4eba\uff0c\u5148\u77e5\u7684\u907a\u7522\u4e0d\u662f\u91d1\u9280\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u7e7c\u627f\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u907a\u7522\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6536\u7372\u662f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u3002\u201d<a title=\"\" href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/GM-As%C4%B1stan-7\/Desktop\/Son_ilahi_Din_islam\/WORD\/SON%20SEMAVI%20DIN%20ISLAM%20TAYVAN%20CINCESI.rtf#_ftn1\"><sup><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u77e5\u8b58\u5c31\u50cf\u4fe1\u58eb\u4e1f\u5931\u7684\u8ca1\u7522\uff0c\u4e00\u767c\u73fe\u5b83\u5c31\u7acb\u523b\u6293\u4f4f\u5b83\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u6bd4\u5225\u4eba\u5c0d\u5b83\u66f4\u6709\u6b0a\u529b\u3002\u201d<a title=\"\" href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/GM-As%C4%B1stan-7\/Desktop\/Son_ilahi_Din_islam\/WORD\/SON%20SEMAVI%20DIN%20ISLAM%20TAYVAN%20CINCESI.rtf#_ftn2\"><sup><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u4fe1\u58eb\u5c0d\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e0d\u6703\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5230\u9054\u4ed6\u7684\u7d42\u9ede\u2014\u2014\u6a02\u5712\u3002\u201d(\u63d0\u723e\u5bc6\u6fdf, \u0130lim, 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href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/GM-As%C4%B1stan-7\/Desktop\/Son_ilahi_Din_islam\/WORD\/SON%20SEMAVI%20DIN%20ISLAM%20TAYVAN%20CINCESI.rtf#_ftn3\"><sup><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u9762\u9019\u4e9b\u4eba\u662f\u5091\u51fa\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8ca2\u737b:<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u4f0a\u672c\u2022\u897f\u7d0d(980\uff0d1037)\uff1a\u4ed6\u670929\u9805\u91cd\u5927\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u70ba\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u95dc\u65bc\u91ab\u5b78\u7684\u66f8\u300a\u91ab\u5178\u300b\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u88cf\u88ab\u7576\u4f5c\u6559\u6750\u4f7f\u7528\u9577\u9054600\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\uff0c\u5176\u300a\u6cbb\u7642\u8ad6\u300b\u5df2\u88ab\u8b6f\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u4f0a\u672c\u2022\u9b6f\u5e0c\u5fb7(1126\uff0d1198)\uff1a\u6700\u65e9\u89e3\u91cb\u8996\u7db2\u819c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u963f\u91cc\u2022\u672c\u2022\u4ee5\u85a9(11\u4e16\u7d00)\uff1a\u5e7e\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300aTazkiratu\u2019l Kahhalin\u300b\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u672c\u8b1b\u89e3\u773c\u775b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u66f8\u88ab\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\u4e86\u62c9\u4e01\u8a9e\u3001\u5fb7\u8a9e\u548c\u6cd5\u8a9e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u963f\u7c73\u723e\u2022\u672c\u2022\u963f\u91cc(11\u4e16\u7d00)\uff1a900\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u7d66\u773c\u775b\u4f5c\u624b\u8853\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300aAl Muntakhab fi \u2018Ilaji\u2019l\u2019 ayn\u300b\u88cf\u8a73\u7d30\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5207\u9664\u767d\u5167\u969c\u7684\u3002\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e5f\u4e00\u6a23\u88ab\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\u4e86\u597d\u5e7e\u7a2e\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u4f0a\u672c\u2022\u6d77\u8cfd(965\uff0d1051)\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5149\u5b78\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u767c\u660e\u4e86\u773c\u93e1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u963f\u91cc\u2022\u672c\u2022\u963f\u5df4\u65af(994)\uff1a\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u8853\u5c08\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u5207\u9664\u764c\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u8853\u6280\u8853\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300aKitabu\u2019l-Maliki\u300b\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u91ab\u5b78\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u66f8\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u4e5f\u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u8b9a\u5606\u4e0d\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u827e\u8514\uff0d\u5361\u897f\u59c6\u2022\u57c3\u8332\uff0d\u5bb0\u54c8\u5189\u5a01(963-1013):\u4f7f\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u8853\u5f9e\u5176\u4ed6\u91ab\u5b78\u5b78\u79d1\u88cf\u7368\u7acb\u4e86\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300aTasrif\u300b\u88cf\uff0c\u4ed6\u7e6a\u5236\u51fa\u4e86\u5927\u7d04200\u4ef6\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u8853\u4e2d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5668\u5177\uff0c\u4e26\u8a73\u7d30\u5730\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u5668\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u4f0a\u672c\u2022\u963f\u2014\u7d0d\u83f2\u65af(1210\uff0d1288)\uff1a\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u5fae\u5faa\u74b0\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7d66\u4f0a\u672c\u2022\u897f\u7d0d\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300aKanun\u300b\u7684\u6ce8\u91cb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a73\u7d30\u5730\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u5fae\u5faa\u74b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u963f\u514b\u6c99\u59c6\u8cfd\u4e01(1389\uff0d1459)\uff1a\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300aMaddet al-Hayat\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u5fae\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u4ed6\u5beb\u9053:<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u8a8d\u70ba\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u5011\u8eab\u4e0a\u53cd\u5fa9\u767c\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u3002\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u50b3\u67d3\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u904e\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8089\u773c\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\u4f86\u50b3\u64ad\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u54c8\u745e\u8332\u7c73(780\uff0d850)\uff1a\u4ed6\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u6578\u5b78\u7576\u4e2d\u904b\u7528\u4e86\u201c\uff10\u201d\u9019\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ee3\u6578\u5b78\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300aal-Jabr wa-l-Muqabala\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u4f0a\u672c\u2022\u7a46\u85a9(9\u4e16\u7d00)\uff1a\u6e2c\u91cf\u51fa\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u7684\u5468\u9577\uff0c\u8207\u7528\u73fe\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b78\u5100\u5668\u6e2c\u91cf\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5730\u7403\u5468\u9577\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8aa4\u5dee\u6975\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u9b6f\u5c3c(973\uff0d1051)\uff1a\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u5b78\u79d1\u4e0a\u4ed6\u90fd\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u767c\u73fe\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u4ee5\u5730\u8ef8\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u81ea\u8f49\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7e5e\u8457\u592a\u967d\u904b\u8f49\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u53eb\u5357\u9054\u7d0d\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u88cf\u9032\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u6e2c\u91cf\u51fa\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u7684\u76f4\u5f91\u3002\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\uff0c\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u201c\u6bd4\u9b6f\u5c3c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u5df4\u5854\u5c3c:\u4ed6\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u4e86\u592a\u967d\u5e74\uff0c\u8aa4\u5dee\u50c5\u670924\u79d2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u6613\u53f8\u746a\u5100\u2022\u55ac\u54c8\u88cf(950\uff0d1010)\uff1a\u4ed6\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u505a\u98db\u884c\u8a66\u9a57\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u4f0a\u672c\u2022\u8cbb\u723e\u7d0d\u65af:\u5728\u516c\u5143880\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u7528\u7fbd\u6bdb\u548c\u5e03\u505a\u6210\u7684\u98db\u884c\u7269\u98db\u96e2\u4e86\u5730\u9762\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5446\u4e86\u4e0d\u77ed\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u62c9\u9f4a(864\uff0d925)\uff1a\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5730\u7403\u5f15\u529b\u5b78\u8aaa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u514b\u88cf\u65af\u6258\u592b\u2022\u54e5\u502b\u5e03(1446\uff0d1506)\u8aaa\u4ed6\u662f\u5f9e\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u90a3\u88cf\u77e5\u9053\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4f0a\u672c\u2022\u5982\u58eb\u5fb7(1126\uff0d1198)\u7684\u66f8\uff0c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5f88\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u4f0a\u5fb7\u745e\u65af(1100\uff0d1166)\uff1a\u4ed6\u756b\u51fa\u4e86\u754c\u5730\u5716\u3002\u4ed6\u756b\u7684\u5730\u5716\u8207\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u5730\u5716\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<a title=\"\" href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/GM-As%C4%B1stan-7\/Desktop\/Son_ilahi_Din_islam\/WORD\/SON%20SEMAVI%20DIN%20ISLAM%20TAYVAN%20CINCESI.rtf#_ftn4\"><sup><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u7e31\u89c0\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u8a31\u8a31\u591a\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u51fa\u73fe\u904e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u660e\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u660e\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u85c9\u9452\uff0c\u5c0d\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u90fd\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u63a8\u52d5\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5011\u53d7\u76ca\u65bc\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u5b78\u8005\u5f88\u5fe0\u5be6\u5730\u7ffb\u8b6f\u4e86\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u66f8\u7c4d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e36\u7d72\u6beb\u7684\u504f\u898b\u548c\u6b67\u8996\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u4ed6\u5011\u5148\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u5f8c\u6539\u6b63\u3001\u6e05\u9664\u88cf\u9762\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u63a8\u52d5\u6587\u660e\u5411\u524d\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002<\/p>\n<div><br clear=\"all\" \/><\/p>\n<hr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\" \/>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/GM-As%C4%B1stan-7\/Desktop\/Son_ilahi_Din_islam\/WORD\/SON%20SEMAVI%20DIN%20ISLAM%20TAYVAN%20CINCESI.rtf#_ftnref1\"><sup><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u963f\u8514\u2022\u9054\u543e\u5fb7\uff0cIlim(knowledge)1\/3641;\u63d0\u723e\u5bc6\u6fdf\uff0c\u0130lim 19\/2682; \u5e03\u54c8\u88cf\uff0c\u0130lim 10; \u4f0a\u672c\u2022\u746a\u54f2, Muqaddime 17.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/GM-As%C4%B1stan-7\/Desktop\/Son_ilahi_Din_islam\/WORD\/SON%20SEMAVI%20DIN%20ISLAM%20TAYVAN%20CINCESI.rtf#_ftnref2\"><sup><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u63d0\u723e\u5bc6\u6fdf\uff0c\u0130lim, 19\/2687; \u4f0a\u672c\u2022\u746a\u54f2,Zuhd(Piety), 15.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/GM-As%C4%B1stan-7\/Desktop\/Son_ilahi_Din_islam\/WORD\/SON%20SEMAVI%20DIN%20ISLAM%20TAYVAN%20CINCESI.rtf#_ftnref3\"><sup><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prof. Dr. Seyyid H\u00fcseyin Nasr, Islamic Science(Islam ve \u0130lim), Istanbul, 1989, pp. 113-134.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a title=\"\" href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/GM-As%C4%B1stan-7\/Desktop\/Son_ilahi_Din_islam\/WORD\/SON%20SEMAVI%20DIN%20ISLAM%20TAYVAN%20CINCESI.rtf#_ftnref4\"><sup><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Prof. Dr. Fuat Sezgin, Science et technique en Islam I-V, Frankfurt, 2004; Prof. Dr. Mehmet Bayraktar, Islam\u2019da Bilim ve Teknoloji Tarihi(The History of Science and Technology in Islam), Ankara 1985; \u015eaban G\u00f6\u011fen, Musl\u00fcman Ilim \u00d6nc\u00fcleri Ansiklopedisi(The Encyclopedia of Muslim Pioneers of Science), Istanbul 1987; http:\/\/www.1001inventions.com.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u975e\u5e38\u5f37\u8abf\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u5c0d\u7537\u5973\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e3b\u547d\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u767c\u73fe\u90fd\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u8b1b\u8ff0\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u70ba\u6b62\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u6c92\u6709\u6c96\u7a81\u6216\u4e0d\u548c\u8ae7\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u662f\u5b89\u62c9\u964d\u793a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u5b89\u62c9\u4fdd\u8b77\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u672c\u4f86\u9762\u76ee\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u767c\u73fe\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u838a\u56b4\u8207\u5049\u5927\u3001\u4ed6\u7684\u5927\u80fd\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u6c38\u6046\u7684\u667a\u6167\u90fd\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u800c\u96a8\u8457\u9019\u7a2e\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5c0d\u5b89\u62c9\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e5f\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u4f0a\u65af\u862d\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u6210\u5206\u3002 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