Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak \u015f\u00f6yle buyuruyor:<\/p>\n
\u201cSana hay\u0131zdan da soruyorlar. De ki; o bir eziyet ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 h\u00e2lidir, onun i\u00e7in hay\u0131z zaman\u0131 kad\u0131nlardan \u00e7ekilin ve temizleninceye kadar onlara yana\u015fmay\u0131n! \u0130yice temizlendikleri vakit Allah\u2019\u0131n emretti\u011fi yerden onlara var\u0131n! Muhakkak ki Allah \u00e7ok tevbe edenleri de sever, \u00e7ok temizlenenleri de sever.\u201d<\/b> (el-Bakara, 222)<\/p>\n
\u201cHay\u0131z<\/b> (hayz<\/b>)\u201d kelimesi, f\u0131k\u0131h terimi olarak ergenlik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na giren sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131n rahminden d\u00fczenli aral\u0131klarla akan kan\u0131 ifade eder. Kad\u0131nlarda ergenlikten menopoza kadar g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu fizyolojik olaya \u201chay\u0131z (menstruation) hali\u201d denilir. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de \u201c\u00e2det g\u00f6rme, \u00e2det kanamas\u0131, ayba\u015f\u0131 hali<\/b>\u201d ad\u0131 da verilen bu olay, kad\u0131nda d\u00f6l yata\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc kaplayan zar\u0131n (endometriyum), yumurtan\u0131n d\u00f6llenmeyip \u00f6lmesi ve yumurtal\u0131k hormon salg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kesilmesi \u00fczerine par\u00e7alanarak kanla birlikte d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ibarettir. Yumurta, d\u00f6llenmesi halinde rahmin i\u00e7 zar\u0131na yerle\u015ferek geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flar ve \u00e2det kanamas\u0131 meydana gelmez.<\/p>\n
Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019de hayz\u0131n bir nevi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ve rahats\u0131zl\u0131k hali oldu\u011fu bildirilerek bu d\u00f6nemde kad\u0131nlarla cins\u00ee m\u00fcnasebetten uzak durulmas\u0131 emredilir.(el-Bakara, 222)<\/p>\n
F\u0131k\u0131h kitaplar\u0131nda etrafl\u0131ca anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi yeti\u015fkin bir kad\u0131n\u0131n cinsel organ\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcrl\u00fc kan gelir. Birincisi do\u011fumdan sonra belli bir s\u00fcre gelen lohusal\u0131k (nifas)kan\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kincisi belirli ya\u015flar aras\u0131nda ve belirli periyotlarla gelen hay\u0131z kan\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ise bu ikisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ve bir hastal\u0131ktan kaynaklanan \u201cistih\u00e2ze\u201d kan\u0131d\u0131r. Her \u00fc\u00e7 durumla al\u00e2kal\u0131 bir\u00e7ok din\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcm mevcuttur.<\/p>\n
Fakihlerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa g\u00f6re hay\u0131z g\u00f6rmenin asgari ya\u015f\u0131 dokuzdur. Hay\u0131zdan kesilme (menopoz) ya\u015f\u0131yla ilgili olarak elli ile yetmi\u015f ya\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler yan\u0131nda bunun belli bir ya\u015f\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve fiilen \u00e2det g\u00f6rmemenin esas al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi de belirtilmi\u015ftir. Hay\u0131z s\u00fcresinin en az\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7 gece, en \u00e7o\u011fu on g\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130ki hay\u0131z aras\u0131ndaki asgari temizlik m\u00fcddeti genel olarak on be\u015f g\u00fcn kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Hay\u0131z kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in ergenli\u011fin tabii ve fiil\u00ee \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc, yani din\u00ee ve hukuk\u00ee sorumlulu\u011fun ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eder. Bu durumdaki kad\u0131n\u0131n gerek v\u00fcc\u00fbb (hak) gerekse ed\u00e2 ehliyeti tam ise de \u00f6zel durumu sebebiyle hay\u0131z s\u00fcresince din\u00ee m\u00fckellefiyetler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan baz\u0131 muafiyetlere ve h\u00fck\u00fcmlere t\u00e2bi tutulmu\u015ftur.Di\u011fer baz\u0131 dinlerde ve toplumlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi hay\u0131zl\u0131 kad\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2miyet\u2019te pis say\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayattan, \u00f6zel ve sosyal ili\u015fkilerden uzak tutulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hay\u0131z bir nevi abdestsizlik ve c\u00fcn\u00fcpl\u00fck hali (h\u00fckm\u00ee kirlilik, hades) veya mazeret kabul edildi\u011finden yaln\u0131z namaz, oru\u00e7, Kur\u2019an okuma, K\u00e2be\u2019yi tavaf gibi belirli ibadetlerin ifas\u0131na ve do\u011frudan kan\u0131n akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 organla ilgisi sebebiyle cins\u00ee m\u00fcnasebete engel olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hay\u0131zl\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131n namaz k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ve oru\u00e7 tutmas\u0131n\u0131n c\u00e2iz ve sahih olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yani hay\u0131z halinin bu iki ibadetin ifas\u0131na engel bir mazeret say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda fakihler g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7indedir. Hay\u0131z s\u00fcresince terkedilen namazlar\u0131n kaz\u00e2 edilmesinin gerekmedi\u011fi, oru\u00e7lar\u0131n ise temizlendikten sonra tutulaca\u011f\u0131 hususunda da ittifak vard\u0131r.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n Hay\u0131zl\u0131 bir kad\u0131n\u0131n hac ibadetini eda ederken tavaf d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn men\u00e2siki yerine getirebilece\u011fi hususunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi vard\u0131r. Kud\u00fbm tavaf\u0131 M\u00e2lik\u00eeler\u2019e g\u00f6re v\u00e2cip, di\u011fer mezheplere g\u00f6re s\u00fcnnet olup hay\u0131zl\u0131 kad\u0131n taraf\u0131ndan terkedilir ve kaz\u00e2s\u0131 da gerekmez. M\u00e2lik\u00eeler\u2019e g\u00f6re ise Arafat\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce hayz\u0131 biterse tavaf yapmas\u0131 icap eder. Hacc\u0131n r\u00fckn\u00fc olan ziyaret (if\u00e2za) tavaf\u0131 hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde terkedilemez. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hay\u0131zl\u0131 kad\u0131n temizleninceye kadar Mekke\u2019de kalmak ve temizlendikten sonra tavaf\u0131n\u0131 eda etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00dc\u00e7 mezhebe g\u00f6re v\u00e2cip, M\u00e2lik\u00eeler\u2019e g\u00f6re s\u00fcnnet olan ved\u00e2 tavaf\u0131 ise hay\u0131zl\u0131 kad\u0131nlar taraf\u0131ndan terkedilebilir, tavaf i\u00e7in yolculu\u011fun ertelenmesi gerekmez.<\/p>\n Hay\u0131zl\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131n Kur\u2019an okumas\u0131 haramd\u0131r.[2]<\/a> Hay\u0131zl\u0131n\u0131n Mushaf\u2019a dokunmas\u0131 da fakihlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan c\u00e2iz g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde hay\u0131zl\u0131 ve c\u00fcn\u00fcp kimse i\u00e7in mescidin hel\u00e2l olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildiren hadisten[3]<\/a> hareketle, hay\u0131zl\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131n mescide girip orada kalmas\u0131n\u0131n c\u00e2iz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda da g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi mevcuttur. Ancak bunlar\u0131n zaruret ve mazeret sebebiyle mescidin i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7meleri c\u00e2iz g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Hay\u0131z kan\u0131 kesilen kad\u0131n\u0131n ibadetleri eda edebilmesi i\u00e7in gusletmesinin v\u00e2cip oldu\u011fu konusunda b\u00fct\u00fcn fakihler ittifak etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee \u00e2limleri, bir kimsenin haram oldu\u011funu bilerek ve kendi iradesiyle hay\u0131zl\u0131 han\u0131m\u0131yla cins\u00ee m\u00fcnasebette bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnahlardan (keb\u00eere) saym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu arada b\u00fct\u00fcn mezhepler, hay\u0131zl\u0131 kad\u0131nla cins\u00ee m\u00fcnasebette bulunan kimsenin tevbe etmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylerken Hanef\u00ee ve \u015e\u00e2fi\u00eeler, hayz\u0131n ilk g\u00fcnlerinde vuku bulan ili\u015fki i\u00e7in 1 dinar (4.25 gr. alt\u0131n), son g\u00fcnlerindeki ili\u015fki i\u00e7in yar\u0131m dinar sadaka vermenin m\u00fcstehap oldu\u011funa, Hanbel\u00eeler herhangi bir ay\u0131r\u0131m yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n 1 dinar sadaka vermenin v\u00e2cip oldu\u011funa, M\u00e2lik\u00eeler ise mal\u00ee bir kef\u00e2retin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmetmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Cins\u00ee m\u00fcnasebete varmayan davran\u0131\u015flarla ilgili konularda ise g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. Hanef\u00ee ve \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee mezheplerine g\u00f6re \u00e2det g\u00f6ren kad\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6be\u011fi ile diz kapa\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131na \u00e7\u0131plak \u015fekilde temas, M\u00e2lik\u00eeler\u2019e g\u00f6re ise arada \u00f6rt\u00fc bulunsa bile v\u00fccudun bu k\u0131sm\u0131ndan cins\u00ee ama\u00e7la faydalan\u0131lmas\u0131 c\u00e2iz g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015fken Hanbel\u00ee ve Z\u00e2hir\u00ee mezheplerinde cinsel organa dokunmamak kayd\u0131yla her t\u00fcrl\u00fc davran\u0131\u015f me\u015fr\u00fb say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu konuda getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n, haram bir fiil say\u0131lan cinsel birle\u015fmeye g\u00f6t\u00fcrecek davran\u0131\u015flardan sak\u0131nd\u0131rma g\u00e2yesini ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca \u00e2deti sona eren kad\u0131n gusletmedik\u00e7e kendisiyle cins\u00ee m\u00fcnasebette bulunman\u0131n hel\u00e2l olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fi mevcuttur.<\/p>\n Kad\u0131n\u0131n il\u00e2\u00e7 almak s\u00fbretiyle hay\u0131z halini \u00f6nlemesi c\u00e2iz g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, ancak M\u00e2lik\u00eeler\u2019ce v\u00fccuda zarar vermesi ihtimalinden dolay\u0131 mekruh say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Hay\u0131z ve nifas kanlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kad\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6l yolundan gelen ve bir hastal\u0131k eseri olan kana f\u0131k\u0131hta \u201cistih\u00e2ze<\/b>\u201d, kendisinden bu t\u00fcr kan gelen kad\u0131na da \u201cm\u00fcsteh\u00e2ze\u201d denilir. \u0130stih\u00e2ze kan\u0131 dinmeyen burun kanamas\u0131, tutulamayan idrar veya bir yaradan kan akmas\u0131 gibi sadece abdesti bozan bir \u00f6z\u00fcr hali olup bu durumdaki kad\u0131n Hanef\u00ee ve Hanbel\u00eeler\u2019e g\u00f6re her namaz vakti i\u00e7in, \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee ve M\u00e2lik\u00eeler\u2019e g\u00f6re ise her farz namaz i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 abdest almak kayd\u0131yla ibadetini yerine getirebilir.Hanef\u00ee ve Hanbel\u00eeler\u2019e g\u00f6re al\u0131nan abdestle o vakit i\u00e7inde her t\u00fcrl\u00fc farz, v\u00e2cip ve nafile namaz k\u0131l\u0131nabilirken di\u011fer iki mezhebe g\u00f6re yaln\u0131z o vakte ait farz ve n\u00e2fileler k\u0131l\u0131nabilir, ba\u015fka namazlar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca abdest almak gerekir. Abdestin \u015fart oldu\u011fu di\u011fer ibadetler de abdest al\u0131narak eda edilir.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n
<\/b><\/p>\n