Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n
\u201cEy iman edenler! Namaz k\u0131lmaya kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z zaman y\u00fczlerinizi ve dirseklere kadar ellerinizi y\u0131kay\u0131n; ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 meshedip topuklara kadar ayaklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 da <\/b>(y\u0131kay\u0131n)! E\u011fer c\u00fcn\u00fcp olduysan\u0131z boy abdesti al\u0131n! Hasta yahut yolculuk h\u00e2linde bulunursan\u0131z veya biriniz tuvaletten gelirse ya da kad\u0131nlara dokunmu\u015fsan\u0131z <\/b>(cins\u00ee m\u00fcnasebette bulunmu\u015fsan\u0131z) ve bu hallerde su bulamam\u0131\u015fsan\u0131z temiz toprakla teyemm\u00fcm edin de y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc ve <\/b>(dirseklere kadar) ellerinizi onunla meshedin! Allah size herhangi bir g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u00e7\u0131karmak istemez; fakat sizi tertemiz k\u0131lmak ve size <\/b>(ihsan etti\u011fi) nimetini tamamlamak ister; umulur ki \u015f\u00fckredersiniz.\u201d<\/b>(el-M\u00e2ide, 6)<\/b><\/p>\n
\u201cEy \u00eem\u00e2n edenler! Sarho\u015f iken, ne s\u00f6yledi\u011finizi bilinceye kadar, c\u00fcn\u00fcp iken de -yolcu m\u00fcstesn\u00e2- gusledinceye kadar namaza yakla\u015fmay\u0131n! E\u011fer hasta olur yahut seferde bulunursan\u0131z veya biriniz h\u00e2cet yerinden gelir ya da kad\u0131nlara dokunur da suya g\u00fc\u00e7 yetiremezseniz o zaman temiz bir topra\u011fa teyemm\u00fcm edin: Niyetle y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcze ve ellerinize mesheyleyin! \u015e\u00fcphesiz Allah \u00e7ok affedici ve \u00e7ok ma\u011ffiret edicidir.\u201d<\/b>(en-Nis\u00e2, 43)<\/b><\/p>\n
C\u00fcn\u00fcp olan ki\u015fiye gusletmenin farz olu\u015fu, bu \u00e2yet-i ker\u00eemelerle sabittir.<\/p>\n
\u201cC\u00fcn\u00fcb\u201d<\/b> kelimesi \u201cuzakl\u0131k\u201d m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131nad\u0131r. Bu kelimenin insan i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, temizleninceye kadar namaz k\u0131l\u0131nan yerlere yakla\u015fam\u0131yor olmas\u0131ndand\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 k\u00f6kten gelen \u201ccen\u00e2bet\u201d<\/b> kelimesi de, f\u0131k\u0131h terimi olarak cins\u00ee m\u00fcnasebette bulunan veya ba\u015fka sebeplerle cins\u00ee zevk duyarak menisi akan kimsenin durumunu ifade eder. Ki\u015fiyi baz\u0131 ibadetleri yerine getirmekten uzakla\u015ft\u0131ran bu duruma cen\u00e2bet, bu halde olan kimseye de c\u00fcn\u00fcp denilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da kad\u0131n erkek b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n do\u011fu\u015ftan m\u00e2nev\u00ee bir temizli\u011fe (f\u0131tratullah) sahip olduklar\u0131 kabul edilmekle birlikte temel ibadetler i\u00e7in baz\u0131 madd\u00ee temizliklerin yerine getirilmesi \u015fart ko\u015fulmu\u015ftur. Bu temizliklerden biri de gus\u00fcld\u00fcr, yani cen\u00e2betten temizlenmek i\u00e7in y\u0131kanmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Meninin ili\u015fki d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda cins\u00ee zevk vermek s\u00fbretiyle geli\u015finin r\u00fcya ile olmas\u0131 veya bakma, \u00f6pme, hayal etme gibi bir sebepten do\u011fmas\u0131 sonucu de\u011fi\u015ftirmez. Hanef\u00ee, M\u00e2lik\u00ee ve Hanbel\u00ee fakihleri, meninin d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda \u015fehvet unsurunun bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015farlar.Hastal\u0131k, d\u00fc\u015fme vb. sebeplerle \u00e7\u0131kan meninin c\u00fcn\u00fcpl\u00fck hali do\u011furmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul ederler. \u015e\u00e2fi\u00eeler ise, ister \u015fehvetle ister \u015fehvetsiz olsun, herhangi bir sebeple meninin d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla ki\u015finin c\u00fcn\u00fcp olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade ederler.<\/p>\n
Bu hallerde ve ayr\u0131ca meni gelmese bile cins\u00ee m\u00fcnasebette bulunma durumunda hem erkek hem de kad\u0131na gus\u00fcl farzd\u0131r. Uyand\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman herhangi bir r\u00fcya g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc hat\u0131rlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n meni ile kirlendi\u011fini g\u00f6ren kimse de c\u00fcn\u00fcp say\u0131l\u0131r. Bunun aksine ihtil\u00e2m oldu\u011funu sand\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kirlenmeyen kimsenin gus\u00fcl yapmas\u0131 gerekmez.<\/p>\n
C\u00fcn\u00fcpl\u00fck \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck kirlilik\u201d<\/b> (hades-i ekber) say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu hali devam eden kimsenin farz veya n\u00e2file herhangi bir namaz k\u0131lmas\u0131, til\u00e2vet secdesi yapmas\u0131, K\u00e2be\u2019yi tavaf etmesi c\u00e2iz de\u011fildir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Mushaf\u2019a ve \u00fczerinde Kur\u2019an s\u00fbreleri yaz\u0131l\u0131 bulunan k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t par\u00e7alar\u0131na dokunmas\u0131 da c\u00e2iz g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Ancak zaruret halinde bunlar k\u0131l\u0131f i\u00e7inde ta\u015f\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n
Eb\u00fb Han\u00eefe, c\u00fcn\u00fcp olan ki\u015finin tefsir kitaplar\u0131na dokunmas\u0131n\u0131 haram kabul etmi\u015fken \u015e\u00e2fi\u00eeler bu konuda azl\u0131k \u00e7okluk oran\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmu\u015flar ve bir kitapta Kur\u2019an \u00e2yetleri di\u011fer yaz\u0131lardan daha fazla ise c\u00fcn\u00fcp kimsenin ona dokunmas\u0131n\u0131n haram olaca\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmetmi\u015flerdir. M\u00e2lik\u00ee ve Hanbel\u00ee \u00e2limleri ise b\u00f6yle bir kitab\u0131n Mushaf say\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle c\u00fcn\u00fcp taraf\u0131ndan buna dokunulmas\u0131n\u0131n c\u00e2iz oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca d\u00f6rt mezhep fakihlerinin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa g\u00f6re c\u00fcn\u00fcb\u00fcn ezberden bile olsa Kur\u2019an okumas\u0131 haramd\u0131r. Ancak cen\u00e2bet hali zikir, tesbih ve dua gibi amellere engel te\u015fkil etmedi\u011finden c\u00fcn\u00fcp olan kimsenin Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019de yer alm\u0131\u015f olsa bile bu t\u00fcr metinleri dua ve zikir niyetiyle okuyup tekrar etmesinde sak\u0131nca g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
C\u00fcn\u00fcp kimsenin camiye girmesi veya orada kalmas\u0131 haramd\u0131r. Caminin i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7menin zaruri oldu\u011fu durumlarda ise Hanef\u00ee ve M\u00e2lik\u00eeler teyemm\u00fcm yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcrken \u015e\u00e2fi\u00eeler\u2019le Hanbel\u00eeler ge\u00e7i\u015fte bir zaruret bulunmasa bile bunun \u015fart olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015flerdir. Bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn tabii bir sonucu olarak c\u00fcn\u00fcp kimsenin mescidde itik\u00e2fa girmesi de c\u00e2iz de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Cen\u00e2bet halinin devam\u0131 s\u00fcresince yiyip i\u00e7mek, uyumak veya yeniden cins\u00ee m\u00fcnasebette bulunmak isteyen kimsenin abdest almas\u0131, Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019in bu husustaki tatbikat\u0131[1]<\/a> g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alan \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee, Hanbel\u00ee ve baz\u0131 M\u00e2lik\u00ee \u00e2limleri taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fcstehap kabul edilmi\u015ftir. M\u00e2lik\u00ee fakihlerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bunun v\u00e2cip oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Hanef\u00eeler ise abdest almadan uyuma veya yeniden cins\u00ee m\u00fcnasebette bulunmada bir sak\u0131nca bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yemek i\u00e7mek i\u00e7in el ve a\u011fz\u0131 y\u0131kaman\u0131n m\u00fcstehap oldu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Oru\u00e7<\/b>lu kimsenin cins\u00ee m\u00fcnasebet, istimn\u00e2 (el ile bo\u015fanma) vb. bir yolla c\u00fcn\u00fcp olmas\u0131 orucu bozmakla birlikte ihtil\u00e2m olmas\u0131 orucu bozmaz. Oru\u00e7 vakti ba\u015flamadan meydana gelen c\u00fcn\u00fcpl\u00fck hali oruca zarar vermedi\u011finden geceleyin c\u00fcn\u00fcp olan bir kimse sahurdan sonra gus\u00fcl yapmadan uyumu\u015fsa sabah uyand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u0131kan\u0131r. Ancak b\u00f6yle bir kimse gusledip Sabah Namaz\u0131\u2019n\u0131 g\u00fcne\u015f do\u011fmadan evvel k\u0131lamazsa g\u00fcnah i\u015flemi\u015f olur.<\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a g\u00f6re gerek hay\u0131z gerekse c\u00fcn\u00fcpl\u00fck hali ki\u015fiyi necis k\u0131lmaz. Bu sebeple c\u00fcn\u00fcpl\u00fck veya hay\u0131z halinde bulunan ki\u015filerle birlikte bir mecliste oturup sohbet etmenin, yemek pi\u015firmenin, beraber yiyip i\u00e7menin vb. mua\u015ferette bulunman\u0131n herhangi bir sak\u0131ncas\u0131 yoktur. Ge\u00e7mi\u015f baz\u0131 dinlerde ve C\u00e2hiliye inan\u00e7lar\u0131nda mevcut bu t\u00fcr telakkileri Ras\u00fblullah Efendimiz (s.a.v) s\u00f6z ve fiilleriyle kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n C\u00fcn\u00fcpl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn giderilmesi gus\u00fcl abdestiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Su bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya suyun kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in mani mevcut oldu\u011fu takdirde teyemm\u00fcm\u00fcn de c\u00fcn\u00fcpl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc giderdi\u011fi ittifakla kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Gerek abdest gerekse gus\u00fcl yerine yap\u0131lan teyemm\u00fcm, su bulundu\u011funda veya kullanma engeli ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bozulur.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n \u201cGus\u00fcl\u201d<\/b> s\u00f6zl\u00fckte \u201cy\u0131kamak, temizlemek\u201d m\u00e2nas\u0131nda masdar ve \u201cy\u0131kanma\u201d anlam\u0131nda isimdir.Terim olarak c\u00fcn\u00fcpl\u00fck, hay\u0131z ve nifas gibi h\u00fckm\u00ee kirlilikten temizlenme niyetiyle b\u00fct\u00fcn v\u00fccudu su ile y\u0131kamay\u0131 ifade eder. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de \u201cboy abdesti\u201d<\/b> ve baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde halk aras\u0131nda \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck abdest\u201d<\/b> olarak bilinir.<\/p>\n C\u00fcn\u00fcpl\u00fck halinde veya hay\u0131z ve nifas sonras\u0131nda gusletme \u00e2k\u0131l b\u00e2li\u011f olan her m\u00fckellefe farz k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. C\u00fcn\u00fcpl\u00fck, hay\u0131z ve nifas hali literat\u00fcrde \u201ch\u00fckm\u00ee kirlilik\u201d<\/b> veya \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck hades\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Gus\u00fclde b\u00fct\u00fcn v\u00fccudun kuru bir yer kalmayacak \u015fekilde tamamen y\u0131kanmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Hanef\u00ee ve Hanbel\u00eeler\u2019e g\u00f6re a\u011f\u0131z ve burnun i\u00e7i bedenin (y\u00fcz\u00fcn) d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in gus\u00fclde a\u011fza su almak (mazmaza) ve burna su \u00e7ekmek (istin\u015f\u00e2k) s\u00fbretiyle buralar\u0131 y\u0131kamak da farzd\u0131r.<\/p>\n Gus\u00fclde niyet<\/b> Hanef\u00eeler\u2019e g\u00f6re s\u00fcnnet, di\u011fer mezheplere g\u00f6re farzd\u0131r. V\u00fccudu ovalamak<\/b> M\u00e2lik\u00eeler\u2019e ve \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee fakihlerinden M\u00fczen\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re farzd\u0131r; ayr\u0131ca gusle besmele ile ba\u015flamak da Hanbel\u00eeler\u2019e g\u00f6re farzd\u0131r.<\/p>\n Gusl\u00fcn s\u00fcnnetleri de \u015funlard\u0131r: C\u00fcn\u00fcpl\u00fckten dolay\u0131 y\u0131kanmaya niyet etmek, besmele ile ba\u015flamak, elleri \u00fc\u00e7 kere y\u0131kamak, avret yerlerini ve varsa bedendeki pisli\u011fi y\u0131kamak, namaz abdesti gibi abdest almak, parmaklarla sa\u00e7lar\u0131 tarar gibi yaparak suyun sa\u00e7 k\u00f6klerine ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak, \u00f6nce sa\u011f omuza, sonra da sol omuza su d\u00f6k\u00fcp b\u00fct\u00fcn bedeni ovalamak, her uzvu \u00fc\u00e7 kere y\u0131kamak ve gus\u00fcl esnas\u0131nda bu s\u0131raya riayet etmek.<\/p>\n Gus\u00fcl \u201cmutlak su\u201d denilen nehir, p\u0131nar, kuyu, deniz ve ya\u011fmur sular\u0131 ile yap\u0131l\u0131r. Gus\u00fclde aslolan b\u00fct\u00fcn v\u00fccudu y\u0131kamak oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re sa\u00e7, sakal, b\u0131y\u0131k ve ka\u015flar\u0131n y\u0131kan\u0131p diplerinin \u0131slat\u0131lmas\u0131, sa\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc olmayan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hem sa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131kamalar\u0131 hem de diplerine suyu ula\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 gerekir. Sa\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc olanlar\u0131n ise sa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmeden sadece diplerini \u0131slatmalar\u0131 yeterli ise de Hanbel\u00eeler hay\u0131z ve nifas sebebiyle gus\u00fclde \u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc sa\u00e7\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesini gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. Ayr\u0131ca k\u00fcpe deliklerinin ovalanarak, dar y\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn oynat\u0131larak suyun buralara ula\u015fmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bedeninde yara bulunan ki\u015fi yaran\u0131n \u00fczerindeki sarg\u0131<\/b>y\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kararak y\u0131kan\u0131r; y\u0131kama yaraya zarar verirse sarg\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerini mesheder, bu da zarar verirse meshetmez. Y\u0131kand\u0131ktan sonra abdesti bozacak bir \u015fey meydana gelirse sadece abdest bozulur. Gus\u00fcl yapmas\u0131 gereken bir kimse bedenindeki pislikleri giderdikten, a\u011fz\u0131na ve burnuna su ald\u0131ktan sonra deniz ve \u0131rmak gibi yerlere girecek olursa gus\u00fcl yapm\u0131\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n C\u00fcn\u00fcp olan kimsenin, idrar yolundaki meni kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n temizlenmesi i\u00e7in bir s\u00fcre beklemesi veya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck abdestini yapmas\u0131 gerekir. Bunu yapmadan gusletmesi halinde gus\u00fclden sonra gelen meniden dolay\u0131 yeniden y\u0131kanmas\u0131 icap eder.<\/p>\n Cins\u00ee heyecan sebebiyle ten\u00e2s\u00fcl uzvundan gelen ince, beyaz\u0131mt\u0131rak s\u0131v\u0131 ile (mezi<\/b>) bazen idrardan sonra gelen kat\u0131 ve mat renkteki s\u0131v\u0131 (ved\u00ee<\/b>) gusl\u00fc gerektirmeyip sadece abdesti bozar.<\/p>\n Hay\u0131z ve nifas kanlar\u0131n\u0131n kesilmesiyle veya hay\u0131z ve nifas hali i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00e2zami s\u00fcrenin sona ermesiyle gus\u00fcl gerekli olur. Bu s\u00fcreyi a\u015fan kanamalar \u00f6z\u00fcr hali (istih\u00e2ze) say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu t\u00fcr kanamalar\u0131n sona ermesi halinde gusletmek farz de\u011fil m\u00fcstehap g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Baz\u0131 M\u00e2lik\u00eeler hari\u00e7 fakihlerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa g\u00f6re \u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u0131kanmas\u0131 da farzd\u0131r (farz-\u0131 kif\u00e2ye).<\/p>\n Yeni m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan bir kimsenin s\u0131rf bu sebeple gusletmesi M\u00e2lik\u00ee ve Hanbel\u00eeler\u2019e g\u00f6re v\u00e2cip, Hanef\u00ee ve \u015e\u00e2fi\u00eeler\u2019e g\u00f6re ise m\u00fcstehapt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu say\u0131lanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda s\u00fcnnet veya m\u00fcstehap olan gus\u00fcl \u00e7e\u015fitleri de vard\u0131r. Mesel\u00e2 Cuma ve Bayram namazlar\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde, ihrama girerken ve Arafat\u2019ta vakfe i\u00e7in y\u0131kanmak s\u00fcnnettir.<\/p>\n Ergenlik ya\u015f\u0131na ula\u015fan, kan ald\u0131ran, cenaze y\u0131kayan, bayg\u0131nl\u0131ktan ay\u0131lan, Berat ve Kadir gecelerini ihya etmek isteyen kimselerle Mekke ve Medine\u2019ye gireceklerin, M\u00fczdelife\u2019de vakfe, ayr\u0131ca ziyaret tavaf\u0131 veya herhangi bir tavaf yapacaklar\u0131n, Ay ve G\u00fcne\u015f tutulmas\u0131 (hus\u00fbf ve k\u00fcs\u00fbf) namazlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131lacaklar\u0131n gusletmeleri ise m\u00fcstehapt\u0131r.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n
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