Klasik d\u00f6nemde \u00f6zellikle Kur\u2019an\u2019daki gar\u00eeb kelimeleri izah etmeye y\u00f6nelik bir ilim dal\u0131 ve bu dala ait eserler olu\u015fmu\u015ftur ki R\u00e2g\u0131b el-\u0130sfah\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin el-M\u00fcfred\u00e2t<\/i>\u2019\u0131 bu literat\u00fcr\u00fcn en me\u015fhur \u00f6rneklerinden biridir. Bu ilmin do\u011fu\u015fu vahyin ilk geldi\u011fi g\u00fcnlerden itibaren ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kelimeleri ashab\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f, sahabiler de anlamad\u0131klar\u0131 kelimeleri ona sormu\u015flard\u0131r. Daha sonraki devirlerde Kur\u2019\u00e2n kelimelerini a\u00e7\u0131klamak tefsirde daha fazla \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019den bize bu konuda az da olsa baz\u0131 rivayetler gelmi\u015ftir. Bunlar\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/p>\n
a) Be\u011fav\u00ee, Hur\u00fbf-\u0131 Mukattaa hususunda Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019den senetsiz olarak \u015f\u00f6yle bir s\u00f6z nakleder: \u201cHer kitab\u0131n bir s\u0131rr\u0131 vard\u0131r, Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019daki s\u0131rr\u0131 ise s\u00fbrelerin ba\u015f taraflar\u0131d\u0131r (Hur\u00fbf-\u0131 Mukattaa\u2019d\u0131r).\u201d[1]<\/a><\/p>\n b) Taber\u00ee ve Be\u011f\u00e2v\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re el-Bakara 2\/97\u2019de \u201cCebr\u00e2il\u201d ismindeki \u201cil\u201d, Arap\u00e7a\u2019da \u201cAllah\u201d demektir. \u201cLam\u201d\u0131n \u015feddeli olarak okundu\u011fu \u201c\u0130ll\u00fcn\u201d kelimesinin de Arap\u00e7a\u2019da \u201cAllah\u201d m\u00e2nas\u0131na geldi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir. Nitekim Taber\u00ee\u2019nin nakletti\u011fi bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re et-Tevbe 9\/8 ve 10. \u00e2yetlerde bu kelime \u201cAllah\u201d m\u00e2nas\u0131na kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in, Ben\u00ee Han\u00eefe heyetine M\u00fcseylime\u2019nin baz\u0131 s\u00f6zlerini sorduktan sonra s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015fu s\u00f6zler buna delil olarak g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir: \u201cYaz\u0131k size! Akl\u0131n\u0131z nereye gitti? Vallahi bu s\u00f6zler ne bir il\u00e2htan (il\u2019den) ne de do\u011fru s\u00f6zl\u00fc bir insandan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r!\u201d[2]<\/a> M\u00fcfessirler, \u201cil\u201d kelimesinin tefsirinde Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in bu s\u00f6z\u00fcyle isti\u015fh\u00e2d ve istidlal etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n c) Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a), el-En\u02bb\u00e2m 6\/82 \u00e2yetindeki \u201czulm\u201d\u00fc \u015firk olarak tefsir etmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Hz. \u00d6mer ve di\u011fer sahabilerin de buradaki \u201czulm\u201d\u00fc \u015firk ile tefsir ettikleri rivayet edilir.[3]<\/a> Onlar\u0131n bu tefsiri Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019nden \u00f6\u011frendikleri kuvvetle muhtemeldir. Zira Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019den de bize bu konuda bir a\u00e7\u0131klama gelmi\u015ftir.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n d) Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, \u201ckel\u00e2le\u201d kelimesini[5]<\/a> \u201c\u00e7ocu\u011fu ve babas\u0131 olmayan ki\u015fi\u201d diye a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n e) M\u00e2ide s\u00fbresinin 96. \u00e2yetindeki \u201csayd\u201d ve \u201cta\u00e2m\u201d kelimelerini \u015f\u00f6yle tefsir etmi\u015ftir: \u201cOnun sayd\u0131 (av\u0131), ondan tutulan \u015feylerdir\u201d[7]<\/a>, \u201conun taam\u0131 (yiyece\u011fi), d\u0131\u015far\u0131 att\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feylerdir\u201d[8]<\/a>, \u201cdenizin taam\u0131, i\u00e7inde bulunan her \u015feydir\u201d yani ondan avlanan her \u015feydir.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n f) Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ve di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok sahabe, \u201cG\u00fczel davrananlara daha g\u00fczel kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, bir de fazlas\u0131 (ziy\u00e2de) vard\u0131r\u2026\u201d<\/b>[10]<\/a> <\/b>\u00e2yetindeki \u201cziy\u00e2de\u201d<\/b>yi, \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n kerim olan vechine bakmak\u201d \u015feklinde tefsir etmi\u015flerdir.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n g) Baz\u0131 tefsirlerimizde, el-Kehf 18\/29\u2019daki \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0647\u0652\u0644\u0650 kelimesi tefsir edilirken, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in vefat\u0131ndan az evvel k\u0131z\u0131 Hz. \u00c2i\u015fe\u2019ye s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015fu s\u00f6zle isti\u015fh\u00e2d edilir: \u0627\u062f\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0646\u0650\u064a \u0641\u0650\u064a \u062b\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e \u0647\u0670\u0630\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0647\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064f\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650 \u201cBeni bu iki elbisem i\u00e7inde defnedin! Zira onlar kan, irin ve topra\u011fa terkedilmektedir.\u201d[12]<\/a> Zira \u201cm\u00fchl\u201d kelimesinin bir m\u00e2nas\u0131 da \u201ckusmuk, kan, irin ve cerahat\u0131n kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u201dd\u0131r.[13]<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n h) Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in \u201c\u00d6l\u00fcm sarho\u015flu\u011fu ger\u00e7ekten gelir de: \u00ab\u0130\u015fte (ey insan) bu, senin \u00f6teden beri ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015feydir\u00bb denir\u201d<\/b>[14]<\/a> \u00e2yetini, \u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0633\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0642\u0651\u0650 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062a\u0650 \u015feklinde okudu\u011fu rivayet edilir. Bunun a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 da \u015f\u00f6yle yap\u0131l\u0131r: \u201c\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6l\u00fcm sarho\u015flu\u011fu hakk\u0131, hak da \u00f6l\u00fcm sarho\u015flu\u011funu beraberinde getirir.\u201d[15]<\/a><\/p>\n Tam olarak m\u00e2nas\u0131n\u0131 bilmedi\u011fi \u201cebben\u201d kelimesiyle ilgili herhangi bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yapmaktan korkan Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in, tefsirini bildi\u011fi kelimelerle ilgili izahlarda bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n [1]<\/a> Be\u011fav\u00ee, I, 59.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [2]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> II, 391-392; Be\u011fav\u00ee, IV, 15.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [3]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> XI, 496-498; \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> III, 295.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [4]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Enbiy\u00e2, 10, Tefsir, 31, \u0130stit\u00e2be, 1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [5]<\/a> en-Nis\u00e2 4\/12, 176.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [6]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VIII, 53, 55; Be\u011fav\u00ee, II, 179; S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019l-hulef\u00e2,<\/i> s. 188.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [7]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> XI, 57.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [8]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> XI, 61, 63.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [9]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> XI, 60, 63.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [10]<\/a> Y\u00fbnus 10\/26.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [11]<\/a> Ferr\u00e2, I, 461; Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> XV, 63, 68; Be\u011fav\u00ee, IV, 130; Eb\u00fb Hayy\u00e2n, VI, 44; \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> IV, 262; S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019l-hulef\u00e2,<\/i> s. 189.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
\n