{"id":14725,"date":"2016-11-12T15:11:37","date_gmt":"2016-11-12T13:11:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=14725"},"modified":"2016-11-12T15:11:37","modified_gmt":"2016-11-12T13:11:37","slug":"2-bilmedigi-hususlarda-diger-sahabilere-muracaat-etmesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=14725","title":{"rendered":"2. Bilmedi\u011fi Hususlarda Di\u011fer Sahabilere M\u00fcracaat Etmesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kur\u2019\u00e2n ve s\u00fcnneti naklederken ve a\u00e7\u0131klarken hassas davranan ve hata yapmaktan korkan bir insan\u0131n, bilmedi\u011fi hususlar\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in ba\u015fkalar\u0131na sormas\u0131 normaldir. Ancak \u00e7o\u011fu zaman gurur ve kibir buna m\u00e2ni olabilir. \u0130nsan, bir meseleyi bilmedi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemekte zorlanabilir. Bu \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir eksiklik ve tehlikedir. Ondan kurtulabilmek i\u00e7in \u0130sl\u00e2m ahl\u00e2k\u0131n\u0131n temel esaslar\u0131ndan biri olan tevazua sahip olmak gerekir. \u0130\u015fte biz Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019de bu g\u00fczel hasleti g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu konudaki rivayetlerin hulasas\u0131n\u0131 veren Dihlev\u00ee konuyu \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetler: \u201cHalifeler, Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019in hadis-i \u015feriflerini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p bir araya toplam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. H\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc bilmedikleri bir mesele zuhur etti\u011finde halife, Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019in ashab\u0131n\u0131 toplayarak; \u00abBu mesele hakk\u0131nda Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n bir hadisini bilen var m\u0131?\u00bb diye sorard\u0131. Oradakilerin hepsi i\u015fitinceye ve bulunmayanlar bundan haberdar oluncaya kadar sualini defalarca tekrar ederdi. O meseleyle al\u00e2kal\u0131 Nebiyy-i Ekrem\u2019in bir hadisini bilen kimse varsa getirip s\u00f6ylerdi. O sahabi bu hadisi rivayet hususunda yaln\u0131z kal\u0131rsa, halife onu iyice tahkik ederek \u015f\u00fcpheleri bertaraf ettikten sonra o hadis-i \u015ferife itimat ederdi. Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir es-S\u0131dd\u00eek\u2019\u0131n ninenin miras\u0131 hususunda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Hz. \u00d6mer\u00fc\u2019l-F\u00e2r\u00fbk\u2019un \u011furre mevzuunu tahkik etmesi buna \u00f6rnektir\u2026\u201d[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

Konuyla ilgili misalleri biraz daha a\u00e7al\u0131m:<\/p>\n

a) Kab\u00eesa b. Z\u00fceyb\u2019in anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re bir nine, Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019den sonra Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e gelerek; \u201cBenim (mirasta) bir hakk\u0131m var, o\u011flumun o\u011flu veya k\u0131z\u0131m\u0131n o\u011flu vefat etti\u201d dedi. Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a); \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n Kit\u00e2b\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re senin bu durumda bir hakk\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu bilmiyorum, Ras\u00fblullah\u2019tan da bu hususta bir \u015fey i\u015fitmedim. Bu konuyu insanlara bir soray\u0131m\u201d dedi. Onlara sordu ve Mu\u011fire b. \u015eu\u02bbbe, Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n nineye alt\u0131da bir pay verdi\u011fine \u015fahitlik etti. Eb\u00fb Bekir; \u201cBunu seninle birlikte ba\u015fka duyan oldu mu?\u201d diye sordu. Muhammed b. Mesleme ayn\u0131 hususta \u015fahitlik etti. Bunun \u00fczerine Eb\u00fb Bekir nineye alt\u0131da bir pay verdi.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

b) Ras\u00fblullah vefat etti\u011finde, kendisiyle evlenmek istedi\u011fi ancak hen\u00fcz yan\u0131na gelmeyen ve gerde\u011fe de girmedi\u011fi Kayle bint Kays[3]<\/a> geride kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Daha sonra onunla \u0130krime b. Eb\u00ee Cehil evlendi. Bu durum Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r\u0131na gitti. Hz. \u00d6mer ona; \u201cEy Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n halifesi, bu kad\u0131n Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn han\u0131mlar\u0131ndan biri de\u011fil ki! Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) onu muhayyer b\u0131rakmad\u0131 ve hicap arkas\u0131na da almad\u0131. Hem kavmiyle birlikte irtidat ederek ondan ber\u00ee oldu\u201d dedi. Bunun \u00fczerine Eb\u00fb Bekir sakinle\u015fti.[4]<\/a> Onun \u00f6fke ve tedirginli\u011fi \u015fu \u00e2yetten kaynaklan\u0131yordu: \u201c\u2026Sizin Allah\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc \u00fczmeniz ve kendisinden sonra onun han\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 nik\u00e2hlaman\u0131z asla caiz olamaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu, Allah kat\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck (bir g\u00fcn\u00e2h)t\u0131r.\u201d<\/b>[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

c) H\u00e2lid b. Velid, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e, civardaki Arap kabilelerinin birinde kendisine liv\u00e2ta yapt\u0131ran bir adam\u0131n oldu\u011funu yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a) ashab-\u0131 kiram\u0131 toplad\u0131, onlarla isti\u015fare ederek bunun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc sordu. O g\u00fcn onlar\u0131n en \u015fiddetlisi Ali b. Eb\u00ee T\u00e2lib idi; \u201cBu \u00f6yle bir g\u00fcnaht\u0131r ki onu daha evvel bir \u00fcmmetten ba\u015fkas\u0131 yapmad\u0131. Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n da onlara ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyorsunuz. Bana g\u00f6re onu yakal\u0131m\u201d dedi. Ashab-\u0131 kiram\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri onun yak\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerinde topland\u0131. Eb\u00fb Bekir, H\u00e2lid\u2019e bir mektup yazarak onu ate\u015fle yakmas\u0131n\u0131 emretti. Sonra \u0130bn Z\u00fcbeyr de bu g\u00fcnah i\u015fleyenleri kendi zaman\u0131nda yakt\u0131, Hi\u015f\u00e2m b. Abdilmelik (v. 125\/743) ve Irak\u2019ta Kasr\u00ee[6]<\/a> de yakt\u0131lar.[7]<\/a> Beyhak\u00ee bu rivayetin \u201cm\u00fcrsel\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Ba\u015fka bir senetle Hz. Ali\u2019nin b\u00f6yle birini recmettirdi\u011fini ve yakt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 nakleder. Di\u011fer bir senetle de yine Hz. Ali\u2019nin muhsan (evlenmi\u015f) olan ve L\u00fbt kavminin amelini i\u015fleyen bir adam\u0131 recmettirdi\u011fini nakleder.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

d) T\u00e2bi\u00een \u00e2limlerinden kad\u0131 Meym\u00fbn b. Mihr\u00e2n (v. 117\/735) \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r: \u201cHz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in huzuruna daval\u0131lar geldi\u011finde Allah\u2019\u0131n Kit\u00e2b\u0131\u2019na bakard\u0131. Orada h\u00fckmedebilece\u011fi bir \u015fey bulursa onunla aralar\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm verirdi. Allah\u2019\u0131n Kit\u00e2b\u0131\u2019nda bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulamazsa bu konuda Nebiyy-i Ekrem\u2019in bir s\u00fcnneti var m\u0131 diye bakard\u0131. E\u011fer b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey biliyorsa onunla h\u00fcmederdi. S\u00fcnnette bu konuyla ilgili bir \u015fey bilmiyorsa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara sorar; \u00abBana \u015f\u00f6yle \u015f\u00f6yle bir dava geldi, Allah\u2019\u0131n Kit\u00e2b\u0131\u2019na ve Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n s\u00fcnnetine bakt\u0131m, bu konuda bir \u015fey bulamad\u0131m. Bu konuda Nebiyy-i Ekrem\u2019in herhangi bir h\u00fck\u00fcm verdi\u011fini biliyor musunuz?\u00bb derdi. Bazen birka\u00e7 ki\u015fi kalk\u0131p; \u00abEvet, bu konuda \u015f\u00f6yle \u015f\u00f6yle h\u00fckmetti\u00bb derlerdi. O da Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc al\u0131rd\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n

B\u00f6yle bir durum ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a); \u201c\u0130\u00e7imizde Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019den (ilim) ezberleyen kimseleri var eden Allah\u2019a hamd olsun!\u201d derdi. E\u011fer bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulamazsa M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00f6nde gelenlerini ve \u00e2limlerini \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r, onlarla isti\u015fare ederdi. E\u011fer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri bir noktada toplan\u0131rsa onunla h\u00fckmederdi. Hz. \u00d6mer de ayn\u0131 yolu takip ederdi ancak o, Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn s\u00fcnnetinden sonra bir de Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in bu konuda bir h\u00fckm\u00fc var m\u0131 diye bakar, e\u011fer varsa onunla h\u00fckmederdi.[9]<\/a> Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a), isti\u015fare etti\u011fi sahabiler ittifak edemezlerse kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ile ictih\u00e2d eder ve do\u011fru g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fekilde h\u00fckmeder, sonra da; \u201cDo\u011fru ise Allah\u2019tan, hatal\u0131 ise bendendir, Allah\u2019tan aff\u0131m\u0131 isterim!\u201d derdi.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in takip etti\u011fi bu usul, tamamen ilm\u00ee bir usuld\u00fcr, insaf ve hakkaniyet \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerinin zirvesindedir. Bug\u00fcn de bu yoldan gidilmesi, hata ihtimalini azaltacak ve daha isabetli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere ula\u015fmaya zemin haz\u0131rlayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

[1]<\/a> Dihlev\u00ee, \u0130z\u00e2let\u00fc\u2019l-haf\u00e2,<\/i> III, 21-22.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[2]<\/a> Muvatta\u2019<\/i>, Fer\u00e2iz, 4; H\u00e2kim, IV, 376\/7978. Zeheb\u00ee bu rivayetin Buh\u00e2r\u00ee ve M\u00fcslim\u2019in \u015fartlar\u0131 \u00fczere oldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[3]<\/a> Taber\u00ee\u2019de Kayle bint E\u015f\u02bbas diye ge\u00e7er ancak \u0130bn Hacer bunun bint Kays oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[4]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> XX, 316. Bkz \u0130bn Hacer, el-\u0130s\u00e2be,<\/i> VIII, 292.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[5]<\/a> el-Ahz\u00e2b 33\/53.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[6]<\/a> Eb\u00fb Yez\u00eed (Eb\u00fc\u2019l-K\u00e2s\u0131m, Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Heysem) H\u00e2lid b. Abdill\u00e2h b. Yez\u00eed b. Esed b. K\u00fcrz el-Becel\u00ee el-Kasr\u00ee (v. 126\/743). Emev\u00eeler\u2019in Mekke ve Irak valilerindendir (\u00d6zayd\u0131n, Abd\u00fclkerim, \u201cH\u00e2lid b. Abdullah el-Kasr\u00ee\u201d mad., D\u0130A<\/i>, y\u0131l:\u00a01997,\u00a0XV, 281).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[7]<\/a> Har\u00e2it\u00ee, Eb\u00fb Bekir Muhammed b. Ca\u02bbfer b. Muhammed b. Sehl b. \u015e\u00e2kir es-S\u00e2mir\u00ee (v. 327\/939), Mes\u00e2vi\u00fc\u2019l-ahl\u00e2k ve mezm\u00fbmuh\u00e2,<\/i> thk. Mustafa b. Ebu\u2019n-Nasr e\u015f-\u015eeleb\u00ee, Cidde: Mektebet\u00fc\u2019s-Sev\u00e2d\u00ee, 1413\/1993, s. 205.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[8]<\/a> Beyhak\u00ee, es-S\u00fcnen\u00fc\u2019l-k\u00fcbr\u00e2,<\/i> VIII, 405\/17028; \u015euab<\/i>, VII, 281\/5005.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[9]<\/a> Eb\u00fb Bekir el-\u0130sm\u00e2il\u00ee, Ahmed b. \u0130brahim b. \u0130sm\u00e2il b. Abb\u00e2s b. Mird\u00e2s el-C\u00fcrc\u00e2n\u00ee (v. 371\/981), el-Mu\u02bbcem f\u00ee es\u00e2m\u00ee \u015f\u00fcy\u00fbhi Eb\u00ee Bekir el-\u0130sm\u00e2il\u00ee <\/i>(I-III), thk. Ziy\u00e2d Muhammed Mans\u00fbr, el-Medinet\u00fc\u2019l-M\u00fcnevvere: Mektebet\u00fc\u2019l-Ul\u00fbm ve\u2019l-Hikem, 1410, I, 417-418; Beyhak\u00ee, es-S\u00fcnen\u00fc\u2019l-k\u00fcbr\u00e2,<\/i> X, 196.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[10]<\/a> \u0130bn Abdilberr, C\u00e2miu bey\u00e2ni\u2019l-ilmi ve fadlih,<\/i> II, 830; M\u00fcttak\u00ee el-Hind\u00ee, Kenz\u00fc\u2019l-umm\u00e2l, <\/i>X, 298; Kal\u02bbac\u00ee, Mevs\u00fbat\u00fc f\u0131khi Eb\u00ee Bekri\u2019s-S\u0131dd\u00eek, <\/i>s. 203.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kur\u2019\u00e2n ve s\u00fcnneti naklederken ve a\u00e7\u0131klarken hassas davranan ve hata yapmaktan korkan bir insan\u0131n, bilmedi\u011fi hususlar\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in ba\u015fkalar\u0131na sormas\u0131 normaldir. Ancak \u00e7o\u011fu zaman gurur ve kibir buna m\u00e2ni olabilir.… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[691],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14725","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hzebubekirinkuranahizmetlerivetefsirdekiyeri"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3G27m-3Pv","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14725","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14725"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14725\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14726,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14725\/revisions\/14726"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14725"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14725"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14725"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}