{"id":14733,"date":"2016-11-12T15:17:16","date_gmt":"2016-11-12T13:17:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=14733"},"modified":"2016-11-12T15:17:16","modified_gmt":"2016-11-12T13:17:16","slug":"2-kuranin-nuzul-surecini-yasamasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=14733","title":{"rendered":"2. Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n N\u00fcz\u00fbl S\u00fcrecini Ya\u015famas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a) ilk vahyin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda neredeyse di\u011fer vahiylerin tamam\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fczul\u00fcnde Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunmu\u015f, vahiy esnas\u0131nda veya az sonra mutlaka Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, onunla konu\u015fmu\u015f, anlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerleri sormu\u015f ve o anlar\u0131 bizzat ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cahiliye d\u00f6nemini bildi\u011fi gibi \u0130sl\u00e2m devrini de en iyi \u015fekilde takip etmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda ticaretle u\u011fra\u015fmas\u0131 sebebiyle Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n co\u011fraf\u00ee ve sosyolojik durumunu da \u00e7ok iyi bilmekteydi. Onun bu bilgi ve tecr\u00fcbe birikimiyle n\u00fczul co\u011frafyas\u0131nda ya\u015famas\u0131, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n m\u00e2nalar\u0131na daha iyi v\u00e2k\u0131f olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yorumlanmas\u0131nda, n\u00fczul d\u00f6neminde Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131, geli\u015fen h\u00e2diseleri, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n n\u00fczul s\u00fcrecini, toplumun de\u011fi\u015fim ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm devrelerini, ihtiya\u00e7 ve taleplerini, siyasi, ekonomik, sosyal, dini ve ahl\u00e2ki durumunu bilmek m\u00fchim g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.[1]<\/a> Zira Kur\u2019\u00e2n, n\u00e2zil oldu\u011fu ortama ait b\u00fct\u00fcn izleri ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. N\u00fcz\u00fbl d\u00f6nemindeki muhataplar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, kavram d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 ve co\u011frafi \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 onda g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. O s\u00fcreci ya\u015fayan sahabe i\u00e7in bu durum Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 anlama a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan m\u00fchim bir meziyet say\u0131l\u0131rken daha sonraki insanlar da Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131, \u0130sl\u00e2m gelene\u011fi i\u00e7inde geli\u015ftirilen ilm\u00ee disiplinler vas\u0131tas\u0131yla anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in toplumdaki ve ticari hayattaki rollerini daha \u00f6nce g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck. \u015eimdi de \u00e2yetlerin n\u00e2zil oldu\u011fu esn\u00e2da orada bulundu\u011funu, n\u00fczul\u00fcn sebep ve neticelerine v\u00e2k\u0131f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren rivayetlere birka\u00e7 misal verelim:<\/p>\n

\n

a) Mekke D\u00f6nemi<\/h4>\n

Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in Mekke d\u00f6neminde n\u00e2zil olan \u00e2yetlerin n\u00fcz\u00fbl\u00fcne \u015fahit oldu\u011funa dair daha \u00f6nce pek\u00e7ok rivayet kaydetmi\u015ftik. M\u00fc\u015friklerin K\u00e2be\u2019de Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne sald\u0131rmalar\u0131, \u00dcmm\u00fc Cemil\u2019in elinde ta\u015fla Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc aramas\u0131, Rum s\u00fbresinin n\u00fczul\u00fc, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen \u00e2yetler gibi bu konuda \u00e7ok say\u0131da misal zikredilebilir. Burada onlar\u0131 tekrar etmek istemiyoruz. Sadece \u015fu \u00e2yeti zikredebiliriz:<\/p>\n

\u201cHat\u0131rla ki, k\u00e2firler seni tutup ba\u011flamalar\u0131 veya \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeleri yahut seni (yurdundan) \u00e7\u0131karmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in sana tuzak kuruyorlard\u0131\u2026\u201d<\/b>[3]<\/a> Bu \u00e2yette bahsedilen b\u00fct\u00fcn olaylar ve neticesinde yap\u0131lan hicret esnas\u0131nda Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir devaml\u0131 Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn yan\u0131nda olmu\u015f[4]<\/a>, \u00e2yet-i kerimenin m\u00e2nas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e2deta iliklerine kadar hissetmi\u015ftir.<\/i><\/p>\n

\n

b) Hicret<\/h4>\n

– Hicret esnas\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015frikler Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) ile Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in sakland\u0131klar\u0131 ma\u011faran\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131na kadar geldiklerinde endi\u015feye kap\u0131lan Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne hitaben; \u201cBen \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrsem, nihayet bir tek ki\u015fiyim, \u00f6l\u00fcr giderim. Fakat sana bir \u015fey olursa, o zaman bir \u00fcmmet hel\u00e2k olur\u201d diyordu. Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem ayakta namaz k\u0131l\u0131yor, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir de g\u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fck yap\u0131yordu. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne; \u201c\u015eu kavmin seni aray\u0131p duruyorlar. Vallahi ben kendim i\u00e7in endi\u015felenmiyorum. Fakat sana zarar vermelerinden korkuyorum\u201d dedi. Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem, y\u00e2r-\u0131 \u011f\u00e2r\u2019\u0131na;[5]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> \u201cEy Eb\u00fb Bekir, mahzun olma! Hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz Allah bizimle beraberdir!\u201d<\/i> buyurdu.[6]<\/a> Eb\u00fb Bekir es-S\u0131dd\u00eek bu h\u00e2diseyi kendisi \u015f\u00f6yle anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Hicret yolculu\u011funda biz Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) ile ma\u011faradayken, tepemizde dola\u015f\u0131p duran m\u00fc\u015friklerin ayaklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce; \u201cEy Allah\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc! E\u011fer \u015funlardan biri e\u011filip a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya bakacak olsa mutlaka bizi g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u201d dedim. Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: \u201c\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcleri Allah olan iki ki\u015fiyi sen ne zannediyor (ve haklar\u0131nda neler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor)sun, ey Eb\u00fb Bekir?\u201d<\/i>[7]<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

Bu tablo Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015feref levhas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak bu \u00e2n\u0131 Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de zikrederek ebedile\u015ftirmi\u015f ve onun Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011funu ilan etmi\u015ftir: \u201cE\u011fer siz ona<\/b> (Ras\u00fblullah\u2019a) yard\u0131m etmezseniz<\/b>, Allah ona yard\u0131m etmi\u015ftir: Hani, k\u00e2firler onu, iki ki\u015fiden biri olarak<\/b> (Mekke\u2019den) \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015flard\u0131, hani onlar ma\u011faradayd\u0131, o, arkada\u015f\u0131na; \u00ab\u00dcz\u00fclme, Allah bizimle beraberdir\u00bb diyordu. Bunun \u00fczerine Allah ona<\/b> emniyetini indirdi\u2026\u201d<\/b>[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

N\u00fczul s\u00fcreci bu kadar derinden ve bundan daha g\u00fczel ya\u015fanamaz. Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir hem \u00e2yette bahsedilen olaylar\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f hem de \u00e2yette kendisine i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc de ona; \u201cSen benim Havz ba\u015f\u0131nda arkada\u015f\u0131m ve ma\u011farada arkada\u015f\u0131ms\u0131n!\u201d<\/i> buyurmu\u015ftur.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

Eb\u00fb Bekir S\u0131dd\u00eek bir g\u00fcn insanlara hitap etti\u011fi esnada; \u201cHanginiz Tevbe s\u00fbresini okuyacak?\u201d diye sordu. Bir ki\u015fi \u201cBen\u201d dedi. Eb\u00fb Bekir; \u201cOku\u201d dedi. O ki\u015fi 40. \u00e2yetin \u201c<\/b>O, arkada\u015f\u0131na: \u00ab\u00dcz\u00fclme, Allah bizimle beraberdir\u00bb diyordu\u201d <\/b>k\u0131sm\u0131na gelince Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a) a\u011flayarak; \u201cVallahi onun arkada\u015f\u0131 benim!\u201d dedi.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir hicret esnas\u0131nda ma\u011faran\u0131n etraf\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn ailesi ve hizmet\u00e7ileriyle birlikte Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne hizmet etmi\u015ftir.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

H\u00fcseyin b. Fadl (v. 282\/895) \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cKim, \u00abEb\u00fb Bekir, Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019in arkada\u015f\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u00bb derse o Kur\u2019\u00e2n nass\u0131n\u0131 ink\u00e2r etti\u011fi i\u00e7in k\u00e2fir olur. Di\u011fer sahabileri ink\u00e2r ederse bid\u02bbat\u00e7i olur, k\u00e2fir olmaz.\u201d[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130bn Hacer, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in faziletlerinin \u00e7ok oldu\u011funu, hatta bu konuda m\u00fcstakil eserlerin kaleme al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak en b\u00fcy\u00fck faziletinin bu \u00e2yet-i kerime oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler.[13]<\/a> Bu fazilette ona ortak olan ba\u015fka biri yoktur. \u00d6mer (r.a), halifeli\u011fi zaman\u0131nda baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kendisini Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e \u00fcst\u00fcn tutar gibi konu\u015ftuklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fitmi\u015fti. Bu duruma \u00e7ok k\u0131zd\u0131. Daha sonra \u00e7ileli hicret g\u00fcnleri g\u00f6z\u00fcnde canland\u0131. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) ile Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in ma\u011farada birlikte ge\u00e7irdikleri geceyi hat\u0131rlatt\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hasret i\u00e7inde \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: \u201cVallahi, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in o gecesi, \u00d6mer\u2019in b\u00fct\u00fcn ailesinden daha hay\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r! Ras\u00fblullah ma\u011faraya gitmek i\u00e7in yola \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131, yan\u0131nda Eb\u00fb Bekir vard\u0131\u2026 Can\u0131m\u0131 elinde tutan Y\u00fcce Zat\u2019a yemin ederim ki i\u015fte o gece, \u00d6mer\u2019in b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e2l u ashab\u0131ndan daha hay\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d[14]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u015ea\u02bbb\u00ee, \u201cAllah -azze ve celle- bu \u00e2yette, Eb\u00fb Bekir S\u0131dd\u00eek haricinde b\u00fct\u00fcn yery\u00fcz\u00fc halk\u0131na itapta bulunmu\u015ftur\u201d demi\u015ftir.[15]<\/a> S\u00fcfyan b. Uyeyne: \u201cAllah (c.c) b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 Nebiyy-i Ekrem\u2019ine (hakk\u0131yla yard\u0131m etmedikleri) i\u00e7in azarlad\u0131. Bundan sadece Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019i istisna tuttu, o, azar\u0131n haricinde kald\u0131\u201d demi\u015f ve bu \u00e2yeti okumu\u015ftur.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n

Tefsirlerde ayr\u0131ca, bu \u00e2yette bahsedilen sekinetin Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in \u00fczerine indi\u011fi, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne daha evvel inmi\u015f oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenir.[17]<\/a><\/p>\n

H\u00e2s\u0131l\u0131, bu \u00e2yet-i kerime ve onunla ilgili rivayetler, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in n\u00fcz\u00fbl ortam\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde hatta tam ortas\u0131nda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/i><\/p>\n

– Bu konudaki di\u011fer bir misal de \u015fudur: Suheyb b. Sinan, b\u00fct\u00fcn mal\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u015friklere terkederek ellerinden kurtulup hicret etmi\u015fti. M\u00fc\u015friklere sadece bir binekle yol az\u0131\u011f\u0131 almay\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015fmu\u015ftu. Medine\u2019ye yakla\u015f\u0131nca Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ve \u00d6mer, baz\u0131 sahabilerle birlikte onu kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131lar. Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a); \u201cAl\u0131\u015fveri\u015fin kazan\u00e7l\u0131 olsun ey Eb\u00fb Yahy\u00e2!\u201d dedi. Suheyb; \u201cSenin al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fin de zarar etmesin, hay\u0131rd\u0131r, ne oldu?\u201d dedi. Eb\u00fb Bekir: \u201cAllah (c.c) senin hakk\u0131nda \u00e2yet indirdi\u201d dedi ve ona \u201c\u0130nsanlardan \u00f6yleleri de var ki, Allah\u2019\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131na ermek i\u00e7in kendini feda eder\u2026\u201d<\/b>[18]<\/a> <\/b>\u00e2yet-i kerimesini okudu.[19]<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

c) Medine D\u00f6nemi<\/h4>\n

Medine devrinde ya\u015fan\u0131p da herhangi bir hususi ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131na girmeyen \u00f6rnekleri bu umumi ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda toplayaca\u011f\u0131z. Di\u011ferlerini ise kendi yerlerinde zikredece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

– Medine\u2019ye hicret ettikten sonra Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), ensardan Hz. C\u00e2bir\u2019in hasta oldu\u011funu i\u015fitince Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019le birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek Ben\u00ee Selime yurdundaki evine ziyarete gelmi\u015flerdi. Nebiyy-i Ekrem, onun kendini bilmeyecek derecede hasta ve bayg\u0131n oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcnce biraz su iste\u00adyip ondan abdest alm\u0131\u015f, sonra abdest suyundan biraz\u0131n\u0131 onun \u00fczerine serpmi\u015fti. Bunun \u00fczerine C\u00e2bir derhal ay\u0131l\u0131p kendine geldi. <\/b>Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019i ba\u015fucunda g\u00f6r\u00fcnce hemen mal\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l miras b\u0131rakaca\u011f\u0131na dair \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee kaideleri \u00f6\u011frenmek istedi. Zira vefat edebilece\u011fi endi\u015fesini ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Derhal; \u201cY\u00e2 Ras\u00fblallah, mal\u0131mda nas\u0131l tasarrufta bulunmam\u0131 emredersin?\u201d diye sordu. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) bir cevap vermedi. Bir m\u00fcddet sonra \u015fu \u00e2yet-i kerime n\u00e2zil oldu: \u201cAllah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 size, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131z hakk\u0131nda, erke\u011fe, kad\u0131n\u0131n pay\u0131n\u0131n iki misli <\/b>(miras vermenizi) emreder\u2026\u201d<\/b>[20]<\/a> <\/b>Nis\u00e2 s\u00fbresinin 12. ve 176. \u00e2yetlerinin de bu esnada inmi\u015f olabilece\u011fi ifade edilir.[21]<\/a><\/p>\n

– Medine\u2019de ya\u015fanan di\u011fer bir h\u00e2dise de \u015f\u00f6yledir: Ensardan Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Yeser (v. 55\/675) anlat\u0131yor: Bana bir kad\u0131n geldi. Hurma sat\u0131n almak istiyordu. Kendisine; \u201cEvde bunlardan daha iyi hurmalar var\u201d dedim. Benimle birlikte eve girdi, ona do\u011fru e\u011fildim ve \u00f6pt\u00fcm. Sonra yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131ma pi\u015fman olup Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e geldim ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 ona anlatt\u0131m. O; \u201cBunu sakla, kimseye anlat\u0131p if\u015fa etme ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan da tevbe et!\u201d dedi. Ancak bu s\u0131rr\u0131m\u0131 saklamaya tahamm\u00fcl edemedim, Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019e geldim ve ona da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 anlatt\u0131m. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v); \u201cAllah yolunda gazaya \u00e7\u0131kan bir gazinin arkas\u0131ndan han\u0131m\u0131na bunu yapt\u0131n ha!?\u201d<\/i> buyurdu.<\/p>\n

R\u00e2vinin nakline g\u00f6re Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Yeser, bu g\u00fcnah\u0131 sebebiyle cehennemliklerden oldu\u011fu zann\u0131na kap\u0131ld\u0131 ve daha \u00f6nce de\u011fil de o saatte \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a girmi\u015f olmay\u0131 bile temenni etti. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre yere e\u011ferek sustu, nihayet Allah Teal\u00e2, \u201cG\u00fcnd\u00fcz\u00fcn iki taraf\u0131nda, gecenin de yak\u0131n saatlerinde dosdo\u011fru namaz k\u0131l! \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc iyilikler, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckleri giderir. Bu, iyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenlere bir \u00f6\u011f\u00fctt\u00fcr\u201d<\/b>[22]<\/a> \u00e2yet-i kerimesini vahyetti. Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Yeser kendisi \u015f\u00f6yle devam ediyor: \u201cRas\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019in yan\u0131na geldim, bu \u00e2yet-i kerimeyi bana okudu. Ashab\u0131; \u00abEy Allah\u2019\u0131n el\u00e7isi, bu sadece ona m\u0131 mahsus, yoksa b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar hakk\u0131nda umumi mi?\u00bb diye sordular. O da: \u00abAksine b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar i\u00e7indir\u00bb<\/i> buyurdu.[23]<\/a><\/p>\n

– Yine ensardan C\u00e2bir (r.a) \u015fu n\u00fczul sebebini nakleder: \u201cBiz Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) ile birlikte namaz k\u0131larken yiyecek maddesi ta\u015f\u0131yan bir kervan geldi. Cemaatte bulunanlar, (k\u0131tl\u0131k sebebiyle) kervan\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaya ko\u015ftular. Mescid\u2019de on iki ki\u015fi kald\u0131. Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ve \u00d6mer de kalanlar aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Bu durum \u00fczerine \u015fu \u00e2yet n\u00e2zil oldu: \u00abOnlar bir ticaret ve e\u011flence g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri zaman hemen da\u011f\u0131l\u0131p ona giderler ve seni ayakta b\u0131rak\u0131rlar. De ki: Allah kat\u0131ndaki lutuflar, e\u011flenceden ve ticaretten daha hay\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Allah, r\u0131z\u0131k verenlerin en hay\u0131rl\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r\u00bb<\/b>.\u201d[24]<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu h\u00e2diseleri Eb\u00fb Bekir ya\u015f\u0131yor ve akabinde inen \u00e2yetleri ezberleyip \u00fczerinde uzun uzun tefekk\u00fcr etme f\u0131rsat\u0131 buluyordu.<\/p>\n

\n

d) Yahudi ve M\u00fcnaf\u0131klarla M\u00fcnasebetler<\/h4>\n

Medine\u2019deki Yahudi ve m\u00fcnaf\u0131klar sebebiyle bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u00e2yetler n\u00e2zil olmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n

– M\u00fcnaf\u0131k ba\u015f\u0131 Abdullah b. \u00dcbeyy ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 bir g\u00fcn d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ashab\u0131ndan bir grubun kar\u015f\u0131dan geldi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Abdullah b. \u00dcbeyy; \u201cBak\u0131n, dedi \u015fu beyinsizleri sizden nas\u0131l \u00e7evirece\u011fim!\u201d Gelip Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in elini tutarak; \u201cMerhaba ey S\u0131dd\u00eek, Tem\u00eem o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n efendisi ve \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n \u015feyhi, Allah\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc ile ma\u011faradaki ikinin ikincisi, mal\u0131n\u0131 ve can\u0131n\u0131 Ras\u00fblullah yolunda c\u00f6mert\u00e7e harcayan!\u201d dedi. (Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ona, \u201cM\u00fcnaf\u0131kl\u0131k yapma!\u201d dedi.) Sonra Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in, Hz. Ali\u2019nin ellerini yakalayarak onlar\u0131 da methetti. Oradan ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra Abdullah, arkada\u015flar\u0131na; \u201cNeyi nas\u0131l yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcz de\u011fil mi? Onlar\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz zaman aynen benim yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m gibi yap\u0131n, onlara \u00f6vg\u00fcde bulunun!\u201d dedi. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019in yan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fcp \u0130bn \u00dcbeyy ile aralar\u0131nda ge\u00e7eni haber verdiler. Bunun \u00fczerine \u015fu \u00e2yet-i kerime n\u00e2zil oldu: \u201c(Bu m\u00fcnaf\u0131klar) m\u00fc\u2019minlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 vakit; \u00ab(Biz de) iman ettik\u00bb derler. (Kendilerini sapt\u0131ran) \u015feytanlar\u0131 ile ba\u015fba\u015fa kald\u0131klar\u0131nda ise; \u00abBiz sizinle beraberiz, biz onlarla sadece alay ediyoruz\u00bb derler.\u201d<\/b>[25]<\/a><\/p>\n

– Yine Medine\u2019deki bir yahudi ile Bi\u015fr ismindeki bir m\u00fcnaf\u0131k aras\u0131nda anla\u015fmazl\u0131k vuk\u00fb bulmu\u015ftu. Yahudi; \u201cMuhammed\u2019e gidelim\u201d dedi. M\u00fcnaf\u0131k ise; \u201cHay\u0131r, K\u00e2\u02bbb b. E\u015fref\u2019e gidelim\u201d dedi. Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 Kitab\u2019\u0131nda, yahud\u00ee ileri gelenlerinden olan bu K\u00e2\u2019b\u2019dan \u201cT\u00e2\u011f\u00fbt\u201d diye bahsetmi\u015ftir.[26]<\/a> Yahudi, ill\u00e2 Muhammed\u2019e gidece\u011fiz diye ayak direyince m\u00fcnaf\u0131k istemeye istemeye raz\u0131 oldu ve Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne gelerek davalar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131lar. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) yahudi lehine h\u00fckmetti. Onun yan\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca m\u00fcnaf\u0131k yahudiyi yakalayarak; \u201cBunun h\u00fckm\u00fcne raz\u0131 de\u011filim, Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e gidelim\u201d dedi. Ona gittiler, o da yahudi lehine h\u00fck\u00fcm verdi. M\u00fcnaf\u0131k Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in h\u00fckm\u00fcne de raz\u0131 olmay\u0131p; \u201cGel, bir de \u00d6mer b. Hatt\u00e2b\u2019a gidelim\u201d dedi. \u0130kisi birlikte Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019e geldiler. Yahudi; \u201cEy \u00d6mer, ben ve bu adam Muhammed\u2019e davam\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fck, Muhammed benim lehime, bunun aleyhine h\u00fckmetti, bu adam onun h\u00fckm\u00fcne raz\u0131 olmad\u0131, davam\u0131z\u0131 sana getirmek istedi ve yakam\u0131 b\u0131rakmad\u0131. \u0130\u015fte ben de onunla birlikte sana gelmi\u015f bulunuyorum\u201d dedi. \u00d6mer (r.a) m\u00fcnaf\u0131\u011fa; \u201c\u00d6yle mi oldu?\u201d diye sordu. Onun, \u201cevet\u201d cevab\u0131 \u00fczerine; \u201cBiraz bekleyin\u201d deyip evine girdi, k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 ku\u015fan\u0131p \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve bir vuru\u015fta m\u00fcnaf\u0131\u011f\u0131n kellesini u\u00e7urdu. Sonra da; \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn h\u00fckm\u00fcne raz\u0131 olmayan kimse hakk\u0131nda i\u015fte ben b\u00f6yle h\u00fck\u00fcm veririm\u201d dedi. Yahudi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir korkuyla ka\u00e7\u0131p gitti. Bu h\u00e2dise \u00fczerine, \u201cSana indirilene ve senden \u00f6nce indirilenlere inand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrenleri g\u00f6rmedin mi? T\u00e2\u011fut\u2019a inanmamalar\u0131 kendilerine emrolundu\u011fu halde, T\u00e2\u011fut\u2019un \u00f6n\u00fcnde muh\u00e2keme olmak istiyorlar. H\u00e2lbuki \u015feytan onlar\u0131 b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn sapt\u0131rmak istiyor\u2026 Hay\u0131r, Rabbine andolsun ki aralar\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan anla\u015fmazl\u0131k hususunda seni hakem k\u0131l\u0131p sonra da verdi\u011fin h\u00fck\u00fcmden i\u00e7lerinde hi\u00e7bir s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 duymaks\u0131z\u0131n (onu) tam manas\u0131yla kabullenmedik\u00e7e iman etmi\u015f olmazlar\u201d<\/b>[27]<\/a> \u00e2yet-i kerimeleri n\u00e2zil oldu. Cebr\u00e2il (a.s) gelerek; \u201c\u00d6mer, hak ile bat\u0131l\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131rd\u0131\u201d<\/i> buyurdu. Bundan sonra Hz. \u00d6mer, \u201cF\u00e2r\u00fbk\u201d diye isimlendirildi.[28]<\/a><\/p>\n

– Medine\u2019deki yahudiler hakk\u0131nda inen \u00e2yetlerden biri de \u201cEy iman edenler! Allah\u2019\u0131n size olan nimetini unutmay\u0131n; hani bir topluluk size el uzatmaya yeltenmi\u015fti de Allah, onlar\u0131n ellerini sizden \u00e7ekmi\u015fti\u2026\u201d<\/b>[29]<\/a> \u00e2yetidir. Baz\u0131 m\u00fcfessirlere g\u00f6re burada bahsedilen ve \u015f\u00fckredilmesi gereken nimet, Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019i ve ashab\u0131n\u0131 Ben\u00ee Nad\u00eer yahudilerinin tuza\u011f\u0131ndan kurtarmas\u0131d\u0131r. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v), yan\u0131nda Eb\u00fb Bekir, \u00d6mer, Osman, Ali ve di\u011fer ashab\u0131 ile birlikte, \u00f6demesi gereken diyete yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek i\u00e7in onlar\u0131n yurduna gitmi\u015fti. Onlar da hemen bir tuzak haz\u0131rlad\u0131lar, ancak Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak onlar\u0131n tuza\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne haber verdi ve onu, Eb\u00fb Bekir, \u00d6mer gibi g\u00fczide sahabileriyle birlikte bu tuzaktan kurtard\u0131.[30]<\/a><\/p>\n

– Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in m\u00fcnaf\u0131klarla ilgili inen \u00e2yetlere \u015fahit oldu\u011fu olaylardan biri de \u015fudur: M\u00fcnaf\u0131k ba\u015f\u0131 Abdullah b. \u00dcbey\u2019in Mu\u00e2ze isminde bir c\u00e2riyesi vard\u0131. Bir misafiri geldi\u011finde c\u00e2riyeyi istifade etmesi i\u00e7in ona g\u00f6nderir, b\u00f6ylece ondan bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bekler, yan\u0131nda itibar kazanmak isterdi. C\u00e2riye, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e gelerek durumu \u015fik\u00e2yet etti. Eb\u00fb Bekir de meseleyi Nebiyy-i Ekrem\u2019e arzetti. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) c\u00e2riyenin ondan al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 emretti. M\u00fcnaf\u0131k ba\u015f\u0131; \u201cMuhammed\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 kim bize hak verecek, bizi a\u015farak k\u00f6lelerimize kar\u0131\u015f\u0131yor!\u201d diye ba\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine \u201c\u2026D\u00fcnya hayat\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici menfaatlerini elde edeceksiniz diye, namuslu kalmak isteyen c\u00e2riyelerinizi fuh\u015fa zorlamay\u0131n! Kim onlar\u0131 zor alt\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131rsa, bilinmelidir ki zorlanmalar\u0131ndan sonra Allah (onlar i\u00e7in) \u00e7ok ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 ve merhametlidir\u201d<\/b>[31]<\/a> \u00e2yetini indirdi.[32]<\/a> \u00c2l\u00fbs\u00ee; \u201cBu la\u00eenin alt\u0131 tane c\u00e2riyesi oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenir\u201d diyerek isimlerini sayar.[33]<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

– M\u00fcnaf\u0131klarla ilgili son bir rivayete daha yer verelim: Hz. Ali ve ashab\u0131, Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019in yan\u0131na giderken m\u00fcnaf\u0131klar\u0131n ve yahudilerin yan\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erlerdi. Onlar da bunlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce alay eder, birbirlerine ka\u015fg\u00f6z i\u015fareti yapar ve g\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrlerdi. Ailelerinin ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fcnce de yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r, \u201cBiliyor musun bug\u00fcn keli g\u00f6rd\u00fck ve ona \u00e7ok g\u00fcld\u00fck\u201d gibi s\u00f6zler s\u00f6yleyip g\u00fclerlerdi. Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a) bunu i\u015fitti ve bu ona ve arkada\u015flar\u0131na \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r geldi. O yolu b\u0131rak\u0131p ba\u015fka bir yoldan gitmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bunun \u00fczerine \u015fu \u00e2yetler n\u00e2zil oldu: \u201c\u015e\u00fcphesiz g\u00fcnahk\u00e2rlar, (d\u00fcnyada) iman edenlere g\u00fclerlerdi. Onlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda ka\u015f g\u00f6z hareketiyle alay ederlerdi. Ailelerine d\u00f6nd\u00fcklerinde, (alaylar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131) keyiflenerek d\u00f6nerlerdi. M\u00fc\u2019minleri g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerinde: \u00ab\u015e\u00fcphesiz bunlar sap\u0131tm\u0131\u015f\u00bb derlerdi. H\u00e2lbuki onlar, m\u00fc\u2019minleri denetleyici olarak g\u00f6nderilmediler. \u0130\u015fte o g\u00fcn (\u00e2hirette) de iman edenler k\u00e2firlere g\u00fclerler.\u201d<\/b>[34]<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c2yetlerin n\u00fczul\u00fcne sebep olan b\u00fct\u00fcn bu h\u00e2diselerde Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019i ya\u015fananlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Sebeb-i n\u00fczuller ise tefsir i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6nem arzetmektedir.<\/p>\n

\n

e) Bedir<\/h4>\n

Tefsirlerin ifadesine g\u00f6re, \u201cHat\u0131rlay\u0131n ki, Allah size, iki taifeden (kervan veya Kurey\u015f ordusundan) birinin sizin oldu\u011funu va\u02bbdediyordu, siz de kuvvetsiz olan\u0131n sizin olmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyordunuz. H\u00e2lbuki Allah, s\u00f6zleriyle hakk\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek ve k\u00e2firlerin ard\u0131n\u0131 kesmek istiyordu\u201d<\/b>[35]<\/a> \u00e2yeti Bedir\u2019de yap\u0131lan isti\u015fareye i\u015faret etmektedir. Bu isti\u015fare esnas\u0131nda Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a) kalkm\u0131\u015f, Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn arzusu istikametinde hareket edeceklerini bildiren g\u00fczel bir konu\u015fma yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[36]<\/a> Yani Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu bir isti\u015fare meclisi hakk\u0131nda bir \u00e2yet inmi\u015f ve i\u00e7lerinden yanl\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenleri uyarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131 canl\u0131 olarak ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, vahyin ini\u015f sebebini ve neticelerini en iyi \u015fekilde idrak edebilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\n

f) Uhud<\/h4>\n

Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir Uhud gazvesinde yine olaylar\u0131n merkezinde yer al\u0131yordu:<\/p>\n

– Mesela \u201cO zaman siz yukar\u0131 do\u011fru durmadan ka\u00e7\u0131yor, kimseye d\u00f6n\u00fcp bakm\u0131yordunuz. Ras\u00fbl de arkan\u0131zdan sizi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yordu\u2026\u201d<\/b>[37]<\/a> <\/b>\u00e2yetinin bahsetti\u011fi d\u00e2vet ve \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 esnas\u0131nda Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a) Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019in yan\u0131ndayd\u0131. Daha sonra onlar, Ali ve di\u011fer bir k\u0131s\u0131m sahabe ile birlikte Uhud da\u011f\u0131ndaki bir vadiye do\u011fru gittiler.[38]<\/a> Uhud\u2019un tepesindeyken Eb\u00fb S\u00fcfyan alt taraftan seslendi, Nebiyy-i Ekrem\u2019in, Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in ve \u00d6mer\u2019in hayatta olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 merak ediyordu. Bir m\u00fcddet cevap vermediler. Nihayetinde \u00d6mer (r.a), Eb\u00fb S\u00fcfyan\u2019a seslenerek; \u201c\u0130\u015fte Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), i\u015fte Eb\u00fb Bekir, i\u015fte ben, buraday\u0131z. Cehennem ehliyle cennet ehli bir olmaz\u2026\u201d dedi.[39]<\/a><\/p>\n

– Yine Uhud\u2019da kendilerini tatl\u0131 bir uyku saran m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar i\u00e7inde Eb\u00fb Bekir de vard\u0131. Bu sebeple \u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n 3\/154. \u00e2yetin n\u00fczul\u00fcne sebep olanlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yine Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a) gelmektedir.[40]<\/a><\/p>\n

– Be\u011fav\u00ee, \u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n 3\/155. \u00e2yetin tefsirinde, Uhud\u2019da ka\u00e7mayanlar\u0131n on \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fi oldu\u011funu, bunlar\u0131n alt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n muhacirlerden oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek \u015fu isimleri zikreder: Eb\u00fb Bekir, \u00d6mer, Ali, Talha, Abdurrahman b. Avf ve Sa\u02bbd b. Eb\u00ee Vakkas.[41]<\/a><\/p>\n

– Yine Uhud sonras\u0131yla ilgili bir konu da esirlerin ne yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na dair isti\u015faredir. Uhud\u2019da s\u00f6z dinlemeyen bir k\u0131s\u0131m insanlar sebebiyle Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) art\u0131k bir daha ashab\u0131yla isti\u015fare etme konusunda isteksiz davranabilirdi. Bu konuda nas\u0131l bir yol takip edilmesi gerekti\u011fine a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k getirmek \u00fczere bir \u00e2yet-i kerime indi: \u201cOnlarla i\u015f hususunda isti\u015fare et!\u201d<\/b>[42]<\/a> Ancak \u0130bn Abbas, bu \u00e2yette bilhassa Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ile \u00d6mer\u2019in kastedildi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.[43]<\/a> Kelb\u00ee de \u0130bn Abbas\u2019tan ayn\u0131 \u015feyi rivayet eder, ancak onda \u015fu ziyade vard\u0131r: \u201cOnlar Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019in havarileri, iki veziri ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n babalar\u0131 idiler.\u201d[44]<\/a> Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ve \u00d6mer\u2019e: \u201cSiz isti\u015farede bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f \u00fczerinde birle\u015firseniz ben size muhalefet etmem!\u201d<\/i>[45]<\/a> buyurmu\u015ftur. Bu \u00e2yet, \u00f6ncelikle Eb\u00fb Bekir ve \u00d6mer gibi \u00f6nde gelen sahabilerle, daha sonra da umumi olarak b\u00fct\u00fcn ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kiram ile isti\u015fare edilmesini emretmi\u015ftir diyebiliriz. Nitekim Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a) hilafeti d\u00f6neminde Amr\u2019a mektup yazarak; \u201cRas\u00fblullah (s.a.v) harp hususunda ashab\u0131yla isti\u015fare ederdi, sen de buna iyi sar\u0131l!\u201d demi\u015ftir.[46]<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

g) Hudeybiye<\/h4>\n

– el-Feth 48\/25\u2019te Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2, Mekke\u2019lilerle olacak sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nledi\u011fini haber verir. Onun yerine Hudeybiye sulh\u00fc yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu sulh yak\u0131n bir fetih olmu\u015ftur. Hudeybiye seferinde Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) Z\u00fc\u2019l-Huleyfe\u2019ye geldi\u011finde kurbanl\u0131k develerin boyunlar\u0131na kurban ni\u015fanesi olan gerdanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 takm\u0131\u015f, h\u00f6rg\u00fc\u00e7lerini i\u015faretlemi\u015f ve umre niyetiyle ihrama girmi\u015fti. Bu esnada Huz\u00e2a kabilesinden (B\u00fcsr b. S\u00fcfy\u00e2n isimli) bir g\u00f6zc\u00fcy\u00fc de ke\u015fif i\u00e7in ileri g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti. Gad\u00eeru\u2019l-E\u015ft\u00e2t mevkiine vard\u0131klar\u0131nda g\u00f6zc\u00fc gelerek; \u201cY\u00e2 Ras\u00fblallah, Kurey\u015f senin aleyhinde bir\u00e7ok asker topla\u00adm\u0131\u015f ve Eh\u00e2bi\u015f denilen topluluklar\u0131 da kendi saf\u0131na katm\u0131\u015f. M\u00fc\u015frikler seninle harb edecekler, Mekke\u2019ye girmene m\u00e2ni olarak K\u00e2be\u2019yi ziyaretini engelleyecekler\u201d dedi. Bu haber \u00fczerine Ras\u00fblullah ashab\u0131yla isti\u015fare etti ve neticede, \u201cBiz Beyt\u2019i ziyaret kast\u0131yla yola \u00e7\u0131k\u00adt\u0131k. K\u00e2be\u2019ye do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcyelim. Her kim bizi K\u00e2be\u2019yi ziyaretten men ederse, onunla vuru\u015furuz!\u201d karar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v); \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n ismiyle y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcz!\u201d<\/i> buyurdu.[47]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Taber\u00ee\u2019deki rivayette bu karar\u0131 ilk teklif eden ki\u015finin Eb\u00fb Bekir oldu\u011fu kay\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r. Devam\u0131nda Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in sulh esnas\u0131ndaki rollerine de yer verilir.[48]<\/a> Yani \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131yla bu \u00e2yetlerin n\u00fczul s\u00fcrecinde Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in m\u00fchim bir yeri vard\u0131r.<\/i><\/p>\n

– Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in n\u00fcz\u00fbl\u00fcne \u015fahit oldu\u011fu s\u00fbrelerden biri de Nasr s\u00fbresidir. Bu s\u00fbrenin 1. \u00e2yetinde Allah\u2019\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131 ve fethin gelmesinden bahsedilir. Mekkeliler sulh\u00fc bozup m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar sefer haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir korkuya kap\u0131lan Eb\u00fb S\u00fcfyan Medine\u2019ye gelerek sulh\u00fc yenilemek istedi ancak Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) kendisine cevap vermedi, \u201cMekkeliler ahdi bozdu\u201d<\/i> s\u00f6z\u00fcnden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylemedi. Eb\u00fb S\u00fcfyan hemen Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in yan\u0131na giderek kendisi i\u00e7in Ras\u00fblullah ile konu\u015fuvermesini istedi. Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a); \u201cBen b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey yapmam!\u201d dedi.[49]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

h) Huneyn<\/h4>\n

Tevbe s\u00fbresinde haber verildi\u011fi \u00fczere Huneyn\u2019de sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u0130sl\u00e2m ordusu bozulmu\u015f ve askerler ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015flard\u0131.[50]<\/a> O g\u00fcn ka\u00e7may\u0131p, Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn etraf\u0131nda bulunan sahabiler vard\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Eb\u00fb Bekir ve di\u011fer Hulef\u00e2-i R\u00e2\u015fid\u00een gelir.[51]<\/a> Demek ki \u00e2yette bahsedilen olaylar\u0131 Eb\u00fb Bekir canl\u0131 olarak ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f, h\u00e2diselerin i\u00e7inde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0131) Teb\u00fck<\/h4>\n

et-Tevbe 9\/117\u2019de zorluk vaktinden, yani Teb\u00fck\u2019ten bahsedilir. O zorlu seferde susuzluk \u00e7ekilirken Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a), Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019den dua etmesini rica etmi\u015f, Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn duas\u0131n\u0131n akabinden ya\u011fmur ya\u011fm\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6ylece b\u00fct\u00fcn ordu suya kavu\u015fmu\u015ftur.[52]<\/a> Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in \u00e2yette bahsedilen zorluklar\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmek hi\u00e7 de zor de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Bu rivayetler Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in n\u00fcz\u00fbl s\u00fcrecini en k\u00e2mil \u015fekliyle ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bundan hakk\u0131yla istifade etti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Buradan hareketle onun engin bir tefsir ilmine sahip oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131labilir. Ancak Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019nden sonra az ya\u015famas\u0131, hep siyasi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131larla me\u015fgul olmas\u0131 ve zaman\u0131nda \u00e2lim sahabilerin \u00e7oklu\u011fu sebebiyle onun ilmine fazla ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmamas\u0131 gibi nedenlerle kendisinden \u00e2yet tefsiri m\u00e2hiyetinde \u00e7ok fazla rivayet nakledilmemi\u015ftir. Ancak dolayl\u0131 olarak tefsirle ilgisi olan pek \u00e7ok nakile rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

[1]<\/a> Albayrak, H\u00e2lis, Tefsir Us\u00fbl\u00fc,<\/i> \u0130stanbul 1988, s. 136; Soysald\u0131, H. Mehmet Fatih, N\u00fcz\u00fbl\u00fcnden G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Kur\u2019\u00e2n ve Tefs\u00eer, <\/i>Ankara, 2001, s. 191; Demircan, Adnan, \u201cKur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n N\u00fcz\u00fbl D\u00f6nemi Putperest Araplar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in Kaynakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00dczerine\u201d, \u0130stem, <\/i>y\u0131l: 2, say\u0131: 4, Konya 2004, s. 55; I\u015f\u0131c\u0131k, Yusuf, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 Anlamada Temel \u0130lkeler,<\/i> Ankara 1997, s. 26; Atmaca, Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in Kur\u2019an Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131,<\/i> s. 29.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[2]<\/a> Bkz. Pa\u00e7ac\u0131, Mehmet, \u201cSoru\u015fturma\u201d, \u0130sl\u00e2miy\u00e2t <\/i>VII, say\u0131: 1, Ankara 2004, s. 133; Atmaca, Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in Kur\u2019an Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, <\/i>s. 29-30.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[3]<\/a> el-Enf\u00e2l 8\/30.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[4]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> XIII, 495-498.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[5]<\/a> Y\u00e2r-\u0131 \u011f\u00e2r:<\/b> Ma\u011fara dostu m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131na gelir ve Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) ile Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in hicret esn\u00e2s\u0131nda Sevr Ma\u011faras\u0131\u2019ndaki beraberliklerini anlat\u0131r. Zamanla sam\u00eem\u00ee dostluklar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir darb-\u0131 mesel haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[6]<\/a> Bkz. \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, el-Bid\u00e2ye,<\/i> III, 223-224; Diy\u00e2rbekr\u00ee, K\u00e2d\u00ee H\u00fcseyin b. Muhammed b. el-Hasen (v. 990\/1582), T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019l-ham\u00ees f\u00ee ahv\u00e2li Enfesi Nef\u00ees <\/i>(I-II), Beyrut, ts., I, 328-329.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[7]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> 9\/9, Ash\u00e2bu\u2019n-Neb\u00ee, 2, Men\u00e2k\u0131bu\u2019L-Ens\u00e2r, 45; M\u00fcslim, Fed\u00e2il\u00fc\u2019s-Sah\u00e2be, 1. Bkz. Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> XIV, 259; \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> IV, 155.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[8]<\/a> et-Tevbe 9\/40. Be\u011fav\u00ee, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in \u00e2yette bahsedilen h\u00fczn\u00fcn\u00fcn korkakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynaklanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bil\u00e2kis Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) i\u00e7in duydu\u011fu endi\u015fe sebebiyle h\u00fcz\u00fcnlendi\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Nitekim; \u201cBen \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrsem, bir tek adam\u0131m, e\u011fer sen \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrsen b\u00fct\u00fcn bir \u00fcmmet hel\u00e2k olur\u201d demi\u015ftir (Be\u011fav\u00ee, IV, 49).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[9]<\/a> Tirmiz\u00ee, 3670. Tirmiz\u00ee \u201chasen gar\u00eeb\u201d oldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015ftir. Kr\u015f. Be\u011fav\u00ee, IV, 49.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[10]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> XIV, 260. Ahmed Muhammed \u015e\u00e2kir r\u00e2vilerin sika oldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[11]<\/a> Bkz. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Men\u00e2k\u0131bu\u2019l-Ens\u00e2r, 45, Ash\u00e2bu\u2019n-Neb\u00ee, 2; Ahmed, I, 2; Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> XIV, 259-261.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[12]<\/a> Be\u011fav\u00ee, IV, 49.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[13]<\/a> \u0130bn Hacer, el-\u0130s\u00e2be,<\/i> IV, 148. \u0130bn As\u00e2kir, Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a) i\u00e7in tam bir cilt ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 80 ciltlik T\u00e2r\u00eehu D\u0131me\u015fk<\/i>\u2019\u0131n\u0131n 30. cildi Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e \u00e2ittir. (D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Fikr, 1415\/1995)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[14]<\/a> H\u00e2kim, III, 7\/4268. Zeheb\u00ee rivayet i\u00e7in \u201csahih m\u00fcrsel\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[15]<\/a> Be\u011fav\u00ee, IV, 49.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[16]<\/a> \u0130bn As\u00e2kir, XXX, 93.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[17]<\/a> \u0130bn Kuteybe, s. 162; Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> XIV, 261; Be\u011fav\u00ee, IV, 53; \u0130bn As\u00e2kir, XXX, 88.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[18]<\/a> el-Bakara 2\/207.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[19]<\/a> Muk\u00e2til b. S\u00fcleyman, I, 179; Be\u011fav\u00ee, I, 238-239.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[20]<\/a> en-Nis\u00e2 4\/11. <\/b>Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> 4\/4, Vud\u00fb\u2019, 44; M\u00fcslim, Fer\u00e2iz, 5-8. Bkz. Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VIII, 34.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[21]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> IX, 432-433.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[22]<\/a> H\u00fbd 11\/114.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[23]<\/a> Tirmiz\u00ee, Tefs\u00eeru\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n, 11\/3115; Be\u011fav\u00ee, IV, 204. Tirmiz\u00ee hadisin \u201chasen sahih\u201d oldu\u011funu kaydetmektedir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[24]<\/a> el-Cum\u02bba 62\/11. Tirmiz\u00ee, Tefsir, 62\/3311 (Tirmiz\u00ee rivayetin \u201chasen sahih\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir). Kr\u015f. Muk\u00e2til b. S\u00fcleyman, IV, 328; Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Tefsir, 62\/2, B\u00fcy\u00fb\u02bb 6, Cum\u02bba 38; M\u00fcslim, Cum\u02bba 36; Be\u011fav\u00ee, VIII, 124; \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VIII, 124.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[25]<\/a> el-Bakara 2\/14. C\u00fcrc\u00e2n\u00ee, Derc\u00fc\u2019d-d\u00fcrer, <\/i>I, 109; Eb\u00fb Hayy\u00e2n, I, 111; S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, L\u00fcb\u00e2b\u00fc\u2019n-n\u00fck\u00fbl,<\/i> s. 11. S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re bu rivayetin isnad\u0131 v\u00e2h\u00eedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc S\u00fcdd\u00ee Sa\u011f\u00eer yalanc\u0131d\u0131r. Kelb\u00ee ve Ebu S\u00e2lih de zay\u0131ft\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[26]<\/a> en-Nis\u00e2 4\/51, 60.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[27]<\/a> en-Nis\u00e2 4\/60-65.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[28]<\/a> Muk\u00e2til b. S\u00fcleyman, I, 383-385; Sa\u02bbleb\u00ee, III, 337; V\u00e2h\u0131d\u00ee, Esb\u00e2bu n\u00fcz\u00fbli\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n,<\/i> s. 166; Be\u011fav\u00ee, I, 654-655; Zemah\u015fer\u00ee, I, 525; Kurtub\u00ee, V, 263-264. Kelb\u00ee sebebiyle rivayetin isn\u00e2d\u0131 \u201czay\u0131f\u201dt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[29]<\/a> el-M\u00e2ide 5\/11.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[30]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> X, 101-102, 104; Be\u011fav\u00ee, III, 28.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[31]<\/a> en-N\u00fbr 24\/33.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[32]<\/a> \u0130bn Eb\u00ee H\u00e2tim, VIII, 2590; \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VI, 56; S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, ed-D\u00fcrr\u00fc\u2019l-mens\u00fbr,<\/i> VI, 193.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[33]<\/a> \u00c2l\u00fbs\u00ee, IX, 350.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[34]<\/a> el-Mutaffifin 83\/29-34. Muk\u00e2til b. S\u00fcleyman, IV, 625.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[35]<\/a> el-Enf\u00e2l 8\/7.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[36]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> XIII, 400; Be\u011fav\u00ee, III, 330. Kr\u015f. M\u00fcslim, Cih\u00e2d, 30.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[37]<\/a> \u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n 3\/153.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[38]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VII, 309.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[39]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VII, 312.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[40]<\/a> Muk\u00e2til b. S\u00fcleyman, I, 307.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[41]<\/a> Be\u011fav\u00ee, II, 122.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[42]<\/a> \u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n 3\/159.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[43]<\/a> H\u00e2kim, III, 74\/4436 (Zeheb\u00ee Buh\u00e2r\u00ee ve M\u00fcslim\u2019in \u015fartlar\u0131 \u00fczere \u201csahih\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir); \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> II, 149.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[44]<\/a> \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> II, 149.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[45]<\/a> Ahmed, IV, 227. \u015euayb Arna\u00fbt \u201czay\u0131f\u201d oldu\u011funu bildirir. Bkz. \u0130bn Hacer, el-\u0130s\u00e2be,<\/i> IV, 148.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[46]<\/a> Taber\u00e2n\u00ee, el-Mu\u02bbcem\u00fc\u2019l-keb\u00eer,<\/i> I, 63; Heysem\u00ee, V, 319; S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, ed-D\u00fcrr\u00fc\u2019l-mens\u00fbr,<\/i> II, 359. Heysem\u00ee, b\u00fct\u00fcn ric\u00e2linin tevsik edildi\u011fini bildirir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[47]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Me\u011f\u00e2z\u00ee, 35.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[48]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> XXII, 242-243; Be\u011fav\u00ee, II, 314.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[49]<\/a> Be\u011fav\u00ee, VIII, 569.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[50]<\/a> et-Tevbe 9\/25.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[51]<\/a> \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> IV, 126.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[52]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> XIV, 259; \u0130bn Huzeyme, Eb\u00fb Bekir Muhammed b. \u0130shak b. Huzeyme b. Mu\u011fire b. S\u00e2lih b. Bekr en-Neys\u00e2b\u00fbr\u00ee (v. 311\/924), Sah\u00eehu \u0130bn Huzeyme<\/i> (I-IV), thk. Muhammed Mustafa el-A\u02bbzam\u00ee, Beyrut: el-Mektebet\u00fc\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee, ts., I, 52, no: 101; Be\u011fav\u00ee, IV, 104; Kurtub\u00ee, VIII, 279.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a) ilk vahyin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda neredeyse di\u011fer vahiylerin tamam\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fczul\u00fcnde Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunmu\u015f, vahiy esnas\u0131nda veya az sonra mutlaka Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, onunla konu\u015fmu\u015f, anlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerleri sormu\u015f ve… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[691],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14733","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hzebubekirinkuranahizmetlerivetefsirdekiyeri"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3G27m-3PD","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14733","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14733"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14733\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14734,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14733\/revisions\/14734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14733"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14733"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14733"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}