{"id":14759,"date":"2016-11-12T15:32:15","date_gmt":"2016-11-12T13:32:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=14759"},"modified":"2016-11-12T15:32:15","modified_gmt":"2016-11-12T13:32:15","slug":"2-tefsire-onem-vermesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=14759","title":{"rendered":"2. Tefsire \u00d6nem Vermesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131p ya\u015fanmak \u00fczere g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 anlayarak okumaya te\u015fvik ederek \u015f\u00f6yle bu\u00adyurmu\u015ftur: \u201cKur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnden az bir zamanda okuyup bitiren ki\u015fi onu hakk\u0131yla anlayamaz!\u201d<\/i>[1]<\/a> <\/i>Bu sebeple ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kiram bir araya gelip oturduklar\u0131nda, \u00f6ncelikle Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim ile me\u015fgul olur, onu okur ve anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131. Ya i\u00e7lerinden biri bir s\u00fbre okur veya birinden bir s\u00fbre okumas\u0131n\u0131 talep ederlerdi.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n tefsir edilmesine ve bu Y\u00fcce Kitab\u2019\u0131n do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00e7ok \u00f6nem verirdi. Hatta \u201cKur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n bir \u00e2yetinin i\u02bbr\u00e2b\u0131n\u0131 yapmak (izah edip onu anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak), bana, bir \u00e2yeti sadece ezberlemekten daha g\u00fczel gelir\u201d derdi.[3]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Yine Eb\u00fb Bekir ve \u00d6mer (r.a); \u201cKur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 i\u02bbrab etmek, onun baz\u0131 hur\u00fbfunu (lafz\u00ee okunu\u015funu) ezberlemekten daha \u00e7ok ho\u015fumuza gider\u201d demi\u015flerdir.[4]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda bu genel olarak ashab-\u0131 kiram\u0131n anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Onlar Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n tefsir edilmesine, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131p anlat\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00e7ok \u00f6nem verirlerdi. Mesela \u0130bn Mes\u02bb\u00fbd: \u201cBizden biri on \u00e2yet \u00f6\u011frenince m\u00e2nalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmeden ve onlarla amel etmeden ba\u015fkalar\u0131na ge\u00e7mezdi\u201d[5]<\/a> demi\u015ftir. Onun bir ba\u015fka s\u00f6z\u00fc de \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201cKim ilim istiyorsa Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n m\u00e2nalar\u0131n\u0131 tefekk\u00fcr etsin, tefsiri ve k\u0131raati \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015fs\u0131n. Zira onda \u00f6ncekilerin ve sonrakilerin ilmi mevcuttur.\u201d[6]<\/a> Yine ona ait olan; \u201cKur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 okuyun, kalplerinizi onunla harekete ge\u00e7irin! D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceniz, bir an evvel s\u00fbrenin sonuna varmak olmas\u0131n\u201d[7]<\/a> s\u00f6z\u00fc de Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 \u00e7ok okumaktan ziyade onu anlamaya y\u00f6nelmek gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. K\u00fbfe ekol\u00fcne mensup muhaddis ve fakih t\u00e2bi\u00ee Mesr\u00fbk b. Ecda\u02bb\u0131n haber verdi\u011fine g\u00f6re Abdullah b. Mes\u02bb\u00fbd, bu s\u00f6zlerin gere\u011fini bizzat kendisi tatbik eder, talebelerine bir s\u00fbre okur, sonra onun hakk\u0131nda konu\u015fur ve g\u00fcn boyu o s\u00fbreyi tefsir ederdi.[8]<\/a> Eb\u00fb V\u00e2il bunun di\u011fer bir misalini \u015f\u00f6yle haber verir: \u201cHz. Ali (r.a), \u0130bn Abbas\u2019\u0131 bir hac mevsiminde vazifelendirmi\u015fti. \u0130bn-i Abbas hac\u0131lara Bakara veya N\u00fbr s\u00fbrelerinin tefsirini yaparak \u00f6yle bir hitabette bulundu ki, Rumlar, T\u00fcrkler ve Deylemliler bunu dinleselerdi mutlaka m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olurlard\u0131.\u201d[9]<\/a> Sika olan hadis imamlar\u0131ndan Eb\u00fb Cemre (v. 127\/744); \u201cBen Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019i \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 okurum. \u00dc\u00e7 g\u00fcnde Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 hatmediyorum\u201d dedi\u011finde hocas\u0131 \u0130bn-i Abbas; \u201cBir gecede \u00fczerinde tefekk\u00fcr ve tedebb\u00fcr ederek ve hakk\u0131n\u0131 vererek tertil \u00fczere sadece Bakara s\u00fbresini okumak, bana senin \u015fu okuyu\u015fundan daha ho\u015f gelir\u201d demi\u015ftir.\u201d[10]<\/a> Yine bir ki\u015fi, Zeyd b. S\u00e2bit\u2019e gidip, Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019in bir haftada hatmedilmesi hususunda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sormu\u015ftu. O da; \u201c\u0130yi olur\u201d dedikten sonra \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti: \u201cFakat ben onbe\u015f veya yirmi g\u00fcnde bir hatim yapmaktan daha \u00e7ok ho\u015flan\u0131r\u0131m. \u00abNeden?\u00bb diye sorarsan, bu takdirde Kur\u2019\u00e2n \u00fczerinde iyice d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp m\u00e2nalar\u0131n\u0131 daha iyi anlayabilirim.\u201d[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu konuyla ilgili sahabeden daha fazla nakiller yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancak zikretti\u011fimiz bu rivayetlerin yeterli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz. Verilen bu bilgilerde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere ashab-\u0131 kiram\u0131n genel kanaati m\u00e2nas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeden kuru bir okuyu\u015f de\u011fil, ibadet olarak Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 tilavet etmekle birlikte daha \u00e7ok onu anlay\u0131p tefsir etme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde idi. Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir de bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir. Ancak onlar bunu bilerek ve usul\u00fcne uygun bir \u015fekilde yapmak gerekti\u011fi \u00fczerinde dururlard\u0131. Sahih nakle ve \u015fartlar\u0131na uygun tutarl\u0131 bir ictihada dayanmayan re\u2019y ve ind\u00ee tel\u00e2kkilerle Kur\u2019\u00e2n hakk\u0131nda konu\u015fmaktan \u015fiddetle sak\u0131n\u0131rlard\u0131. \u0130leride bu konuya temas edilecektir.<\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a> Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Vitr, 8\/1390; Tirmizi, Kir\u00e2\u00e2t, 11\/2949; D\u00e2rim\u00ee, Sal\u00e2t, 173. Elb\u00e2n\u00ee \u201csahih\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[2]<\/a> H\u00e2kim, I, 172\/322.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[3]<\/a> \u0130bn Vehb Eb\u00fb Muhammed Abdullah b. Vehb b. M\u00fcslim el-M\u0131sr\u00ee el-Kure\u015f\u00ee (v. 197\/813), Tefs\u00eeru\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n mine\u2019l-C\u00e2mi\u02bb li\u2019bn Vehb<\/i> (I-III), thk. Miklos Muranyi, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-\u011earbi\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee, 2003, III, 43; \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Enb\u00e2r\u00ee, Muhammed b. K\u00e2s\u0131m b. Muhammed b. Be\u015f\u015f\u00e2r, Eb\u00fb Bekir (v.328), \u00cez\u00e2hu\u2019l-vakf ve\u2019l-ibtid\u00e2\u2019 <\/i>(I-II), thk. Muhyiddin Abdurrahman Ramazan, D\u0131me\u015fk: Matb\u00fb\u00e2t\u00fc Mecma\u02bbi\u2019l-L\u00fc\u011fati\u2019l-Arabiyye, 1390\/1971, I, 23.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[4]<\/a> \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Enb\u00e2r\u00ee, \u00cez\u00e2hu\u2019l-vakf ve\u2019l-ibtid\u00e2\u2019<\/i>, I, 20.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[5]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> I, 80.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[6]<\/a> Beyhak\u00ee, \u015euab<\/i>, III, 347\/1808; Heysem\u00ee, VII, 165.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[7]<\/a> Beyhak\u00ee, \u015euab<\/i>, III, 407. Kr\u015f. \u0130bn Eb\u00ee \u015eeybe, Musannef<\/i>, II, 256\/8733.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[8]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> I, 81.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[9]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> I, 81; \u0130bn-i Kes\u00eer, I, 8.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[10]<\/a> Abdurrezzak, Musannef<\/i>, II, 489; Beyhak\u00ee, \u015euab<\/i>, III, 406.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[11]<\/a> Muvatta\u2019<\/i>, Kur\u2019\u00e2n, 4; \u0130bn Abdilberr, Eb\u00fb \u00d6mer Cem\u00e2l\u00fcdd\u00een Y\u00fbsuf b. Abdill\u00e2h b. Muhammed b.\u00a0Abdilberr en-Nemer\u00ee (v. 463\/1071), el-\u0130stizk\u00e2r <\/i>(I-IX),<\/i> thk. S\u00e2lim Muhammed At\u00e2 – Muhammed Ali Muavviz, Beyrut: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-\u0130lmiyye, 1421\/2000, II, 477.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131p ya\u015fanmak \u00fczere g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 anlayarak okumaya te\u015fvik ederek \u015f\u00f6yle bu\u00adyurmu\u015ftur: \u201cKur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnden az bir zamanda okuyup bitiren ki\u015fi onu hakk\u0131yla anlayamaz!\u201d[1] Bu sebeple ash\u00e2b-\u0131… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[691],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hzebubekirinkuranahizmetlerivetefsirdekiyeri"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3G27m-3Q3","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14759","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14759"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14759\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14760,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14759\/revisions\/14760"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14759"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14759"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14759"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}