{"id":14771,"date":"2016-11-12T15:39:11","date_gmt":"2016-11-12T13:39:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=14771"},"modified":"2016-11-12T15:39:11","modified_gmt":"2016-11-12T13:39:11","slug":"1-hakkinda-nazil-olan-ayetler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=14771","title":{"rendered":"1. Hakk\u0131nda N\u00e2zil Olan \u00c2yetler"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kur\u2019\u00e2n \u00e2yetlerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 herhangi bir sebebe dayanmaks\u0131z\u0131n n\u00e2zil olmu\u015fken bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da hususi sebeplerle veya herhangi bir h\u00e2dise ve sualin akabinde onlar\u0131 izah i\u00e7in inmi\u015ftir.[1]<\/a> Bu \u015fekilde \u00e2yetlerin n\u00fczul\u00fcne sebep olan duruma sebeb-i n\u00fczul denir. \u00c2yetlerin veya s\u00fbrelerin inmesine sebep olan bu h\u00e2diseler, vahyin n\u00e2zil oldu\u011fu ortam\u0131 resmetmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tefsir ilmi i\u00e7in son derece k\u0131ymetlidir.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u011funlukla Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), sahabe-i kiram ve onlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 olaylar sebeb-i n\u00fczul\u00fc te\u015fkil etmektedir. Bu bak\u0131mdan Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in de pek\u00e7ok \u00e2yetin n\u00fczul\u00fcne ya bizzat sebep oldu\u011fu veya sebep olanlar aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu konudaki rivayetleri \u015fu ba\u015fl\u0131klar alt\u0131nda ele al\u0131p de\u011ferlendirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr:<\/p>\n

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a) Sadece Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir Hakk\u0131nda N\u00e2zil Olanlar<\/h4>\n

N\u00fczul sebebinde sadece Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in zikredildi\u011fi \u00e2yetler bu konuda \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu te\u015fkil etmektedir. Zira o n\u00fczul ortam\u0131n\u0131n merkezinde ya\u015famay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015f ve \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n do\u011fu\u015fu esnas\u0131ndaki olaylarda hep aktif rol alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir de onun \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan ve di\u011fer insanlardan olduk\u00e7a \u00fcst\u00fcn olan bir\u00e7ok g\u00fczel vasf\u0131 vard\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n her biriyle ilgili \u00e2yetler inmi\u015f veya m\u00fcfessirler \u00e2yetlerde bahsedilen g\u00fczel vas\u0131flara en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6rnek olarak Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019i g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir. S\u00f6z konusu vas\u0131flar ve onlarla ilgili inen \u00e2yetlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralanabilir:<\/p>\n

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aa) Kuvvetli \u0130man\u0131 ve \u0130stikameti Hakk\u0131nda N\u00e2zil Olanlar<\/h5>\n

Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in iman\u0131ndaki kuvvet ve hayat\u0131ndaki istikamet hemen herkes taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmi\u015f ve takdirle kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim Hz. Ali, vefat\u0131ndan sonra onu medhederek \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201cSen, \u015fiddetli kas\u0131rgalar\u0131n bile yerinden hareket ettiremedi\u011fi, kuvvetli sars\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n bile yok edemedi\u011fi y\u00fcce bir da\u011f gibiydin!\u201d[3]<\/a> Bu s\u00f6z, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in iman, istikamet, ibadet ve muamel\u00e2t\u0131ndaki sal\u00e2bet, istikrar ve devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 en beli\u011f \u015fekilde ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019le ilgili sebeb-i n\u00fczuller aras\u0131nda onun iman ve istikametine i\u015faret eden nakiller vard\u0131r. Bu konudaki en me\u015fhur rivayet, bir yahudinin -h\u00e2\u015fa- \u201cAllah fakir, biz zenginiz. Madem o zengin ise neden bizden bor\u00e7 istiyor?\u201d demesi, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in de ona bir tokat atmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yahudinin, vaziyeti Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne \u015fik\u00e2yet etmesi ve s\u00f6ylediklerini ink\u00e2r etmesi neticesinde \u201cGer\u00e7ekten Allah fakir, biz ise zenginiz diyenlerin s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc andolsun ki Allah i\u015fitmi\u015ftir\u201d<\/b>[4]<\/a> \u00e2yeti n\u00e2zil olmu\u015ftur.[5]<\/a> Pek\u00e7ok tarikten gelen bu rivayeti ileride daha geni\u015f bir \u015fekilde ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

– Konuyla ilgili ikinci \u00f6rne\u011fi Muk\u00e2til b. S\u00fcleyman nakleder. O, \u201cAndolsun ki, mallar\u0131n\u0131z ve canlar\u0131n\u0131z konusunda imtihana \u00e7ekileceksiniz; sizden \u00f6nce kendilerine kitap verilenlerden ve m\u00fc\u015friklerden bir\u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00f6zler i\u015fiteceksiniz. E\u011fer sabreder ve takva sahibi olursan\u0131z, muhakkak ki bu, (yap\u0131lacak) i\u015flerin en de\u011ferlisidir\u201d<\/b>[6]<\/a> \u00e2yetinin Neb\u00ee (s.a.v) ve Eb\u00fb Bekir es-S\u0131dd\u00eek hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler.[7]<\/a> Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda verilen iman m\u00fccadelesinde Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn yan\u0131nda say\u0131l\u0131 ki\u015filerin oldu\u011funu, en yak\u0131n\u0131nda ise daima Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in bulundu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. O, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc ile birlikte tebli\u011f etmi\u015f ve iman nurunun parlamas\u0131 u\u011frunda tahamm\u00fcl \u00f6tesi zorluklar\u0131 onunla beraber g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcslemi\u015ftir. \u00dczerinde biraz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bu rivayet, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in dindeki \u00fcst\u00fcn makam\u0131n\u0131 en g\u00fczel \u015fekilde ortaya koymakta, \u201ciki ki\u015fiden biri\u201d veya \u201cikinci adam\u201d oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

– Risalet vazifesinin tebli\u011finde devaml\u0131 Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn yan\u0131nda olup bu u\u011furda b\u00fcy\u00fck fedak\u00e2rl\u0131klar g\u00f6steren Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in Peygamberimize muhabbeti konusunda bir tahminde bulunmak hi\u00e7 de zor de\u011fildir. Zaten bu muhabbet, kelime-i tevhidin ikinci k\u0131sm\u0131na d\u00e2hil olup iman\u0131n bir l\u00e2zimesi ve gere\u011fi haline gelmi\u015ftir.[8]<\/a> Bize ula\u015fan rivayetlerden hareketle onun Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc can\u0131ndan \u00e7ok sevdi\u011fini rahatl\u0131kla s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Bu sevgi daha da ileri giderek Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019in b\u00fct\u00fcn aile fertlerini i\u00e7ine alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O, kendi ailesinden \u00f6nce Ehl-i Beyt\u2019i d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.[9]<\/a> Bu sebeple e\u015f-\u015e\u00fbr\u00e2 42\/23 \u00e2yet-i kerimesinin \u201cKim bir iyilik kazan\u0131rsa biz onun iyili\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131r\u0131z\u201d<\/b> k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n bilhassa Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a) hakk\u0131nda ve Ehl-i Beyt\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 sevgisinin \u015fiddetinden dolay\u0131 n\u00e2zil oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir.[10]<\/a> Zaten \u00e2yetin ba\u015f taraf\u0131nda da Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tebli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k akrabal\u0131k sevgisi veya bir tefsire g\u00f6re ehl-i beytine kar\u015f\u0131 sevgi istedi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemesi emredilmektedir.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

– \u0130man kuvvetiyle \u00e7ok yak\u0131ndan al\u00e2kal\u0131 bir husus da istikamettir. \u0130stikamet, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in hayat\u0131n\u0131n en karakteristik \u00f6zelli\u011fidir. Bunun en g\u00fczel \u00f6rne\u011fini Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) vefat etti\u011finde sergilemi\u015ftir. O esnada yanl\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere kap\u0131lan insanlara Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a) \u015fu \u00e2yeti okumu\u015ftur: \u201cMuhammed, ancak bir ras\u00fbld\u00fcr. Ondan \u00f6nce de rasuller gelip ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. \u015eimdi o \u00f6l\u00fcr ya da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrse gerisin geriye (eski dininize) mi d\u00f6neceksiniz? Kim (b\u00f6yle) geri d\u00f6nerse, Allah\u2019a hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde zarar vermi\u015f olmayacakt\u0131r. Allah, \u015f\u00fckredenleri m\u00fck\u00e2fatland\u0131racakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/b>[12]<\/a> <\/b>Taber\u00ee bu \u00e2yetin tefsirinde Hz. Ali\u2019den \u015fu rivayeti kaydeder: \u201c(Bu \u00e2yette bahsedilen) \u00ab\u015e\u00fckredenler\u00bb<\/b>, dinlerinde sabit duranlard\u0131r. Bunlar da Eb\u00fb Bekir ve onun beraberindekilerdir.\u201d Yine Hz. Ali \u015f\u00f6yle dermi\u015f: \u201cEb\u00fb Bekir \u015f\u00fckredenlerin em\u00eeni (en ileri derecede olan\u0131) idi, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Allah\u2019\u0131n sevgili kullar\u0131n\u0131n da em\u00eeni idi. Onlar\u0131n en fazla \u015f\u00fckredeni ve Allah\u2019a en sevgili olan\u0131 idi.\u201d[13]<\/a> Etb\u00e2u\u2019t-t\u00e2bi\u00eenden Al\u00e2 b. Bedr (v. ?) de aynen bunun gibi; \u201cEb\u00fb Bekir \u015f\u00fckredenlerin em\u00eeni idi\u201d demi\u015f ve yukar\u0131daki \u00e2yeti okumu\u015ftur.[14]<\/a> Bu tefsirler Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in Uhud Harbi\u2019ndeki ve Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019in vefat\u0131 esnas\u0131ndaki sebat\u0131na i\u015faret etmekle birlikte ridde h\u00e2diselerindeki kararl\u0131 tavr\u0131yla da uyu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Dolay\u0131s\u0131la m\u00fcfessirler, istikamet ehlini cennetle m\u00fcjdeleyen Fuss\u0131let 41\/30 \u00e2yetinin herkesten \u00f6nce Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019i kastetti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir. At\u00e2 (b. Eb\u00ee Reb\u00e2h [v. 114\/732]), \u0130bn Abbas\u2019tan rivayetle \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201c\u015e\u00fcphesiz, Rabbimiz Allah\u2019t\u0131r deyip, sonra dosdo\u011fru yolda y\u00fcr\u00fcyenlerin \u00fczerine melekler iner. Onlara: \u00abKorkmay\u0131n, \u00fcz\u00fclmeyin, size va\u02bbdolunan cennetle sevinin!\u00bb derler\u201d<\/b>[15]<\/a> \u00e2yet-i kerimesi Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil olmu\u015ftur. M\u00fc\u015frikler; \u201cRabbimiz Allah\u2019t\u0131r, melekler de onun k\u0131zlar\u0131d\u0131r ve bizim O\u2019nun kat\u0131nda \u015fefaat\u00e7ilerimizdir\u201d deyip dosdo\u011fru yolu bulamad\u0131lar. Yahudiler; \u201cRabbimiz Allah\u2019t\u0131r ve \u00dczeyr O\u2019nun o\u011fludur. Muhammed de peygamber falan de\u011fildir\u201d deyip onlar da dosdo\u011fru yolu bulamad\u0131lar. Eb\u00fb Bekir ise; \u201cRabbimiz Allah\u2019t\u0131r, yeg\u00e2nedir ve hi\u00e7bir orta\u011f\u0131 yoktur. Muhamed de O\u2019nun kulu ve ras\u00fbl\u00fcd\u00fcr\u201d deyip ba\u015f\u0131na gelen b\u00fct\u00fcn bela, musibet ve mihnetlere katlanarak dosdo\u011fru yolu tuttu, istikametten ve s\u0131rat-\u0131 m\u00fcstakimden hi\u00e7bir zaman ayr\u0131lmad\u0131.[16]<\/a> Fahreddin er-R\u00e2z\u00ee, Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in muhtelif s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131, \u00e7ile ve eziyetlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ancak bunlar sebebiyle halini asla de\u011fi\u015ftirmedi\u011fini, \u201cRabbimiz Allah\u2019t\u0131r\u201d deyip istikamet \u00fczere sonuna kadar devam etti\u011fini, bu sebeple \u00e2yetin onun hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011funu nakleder.[17]<\/a> Burada \u00e2yet-i kerimenin Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek herhalde \u201cBu \u00e2yet-i kerimenin h\u00fckm\u00fcne d\u00e2hil olanlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir gelir\u201d demektir. De\u011filse \u00e2yet-i kerimenin Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir gibi inan\u0131p ya\u015fayan b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fc\u2019minler hakk\u0131nda umumi oldu\u011funda kimsenin \u015f\u00fcphesi yoktur.<\/p>\n

– Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in sab\u0131r, sebat, istikrar ve istikametini g\u00f6steren bir sebeb-i n\u00fczul daha zikredilir. S\u0131hhati hakk\u0131nda baz\u0131 m\u00fclahazalar bulunan bir rivayete g\u00f6re Kurey\u015fliler kendi aralar\u0131nda konu\u015fup; \u201cMuhammed\u2019in arkada\u015flar\u0131ndan her biri i\u00e7in birimize vazife verelim, onunla konu\u015fsun ve dininden vazge\u00e7irmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fs\u0131n\u201d demi\u015flerdi. Eb\u00fb Bekir i\u00e7in de Talha\u2019y\u0131 vazifelendirdiler. Talha, Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e geldi, onunla konu\u015ftu. Eb\u00fb Bekir kendisine; \u201cBeni neye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yorsun?\u201d diye sordu. Talha; \u201cL\u00e2t ve Uzz\u00e2\u2019ya ibadet etmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yorum\u201d dedi. Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a); \u201cL\u00e2t nedir?\u201d diye sordu. Talha; \u201cRabbimizdir\u201d diye cevaplad\u0131. Eb\u00fb Bekir; \u201cPeki, Uzz\u00e2 (ve di\u011fer putlar) nedir?\u201d diye sordu. Talha; \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n k\u0131zlar\u0131d\u0131r\u201d dedi. Eb\u00fb Bekir bu sefer; \u201cPeki, anneleri kim?\u201d diye sorunca Talha duraklad\u0131 ve cevap veremedi. Yan\u0131ndakilere; \u201cYahu \u015fu adama cevap versenize!\u201d dediyse de onlar da susup bir \u015fey s\u00f6yleyemediler. Bunun \u00fczerine Talha; \u201cKalk ey Eb\u00fb Bekir; ben \u015fehadet ederim ki yeg\u00e2ne il\u00e2h Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019d\u0131r ve Muhammed O Allah\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019d\u00fcr!\u201d dedi. Bunun \u00fczerine \u015fu \u00e2yet n\u00e2zil oldu: \u201cKim Rahm\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 zikretmekten gafil olursa, yan\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmayan bir \u015feytan\u0131 ona musallat ederiz.\u201d<\/b>[18]<\/a> <\/b>Bu rivayet her ne kadar zay\u0131f ise de onda \u00e7izilen Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir portresi ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygundur. Zira Eb\u00fb Bekir burada tasvir edildi\u011fi gibi son derece kararl\u0131, istikamet sahibi, mant\u0131kl\u0131 ve muhatab\u0131n\u0131 susturacak cevaplar verme kabiliyetine sahip bir zatt\u0131r. Nitekim sahih bir rivayette Hz. \u00c2i\u015fe, kendisine dil uzatan kumas\u0131 Hz. Zeyneb kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir m\u00fcddet s\u00fck\u00fbt ettikten sonra onu susturan bir cevap verince Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) Hz. \u00c2i\u015fe\u2019ye bakm\u0131\u015f ve \u201cO, Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in k\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r\u201d<\/i> diyerek[19]<\/a> onlar\u0131n temay\u00fcz ettikleri bu vasfa i\u015faret etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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ab) Allah Korkusu ve Hu\u015f\u00fbu Sebebiyle N\u00e2zil Olanlar<\/h5>\n

Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019deki iman kuvvetinin bir neticesi olarak onda m\u00fcthi\u015f bir Allah korkusu ve hu\u015f\u00fb hali ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hayat\u0131yla ilgili sahih rivayetler bizi bu neticeye g\u00f6t\u00fcrmektedir. Onun bu hali sebebiyle baz\u0131 \u00e2yetlerin indi\u011fi rivayetleri mevcuttur. Bu rivayetler sened itibariyle zay\u0131f olmakla birlikte Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in hayat\u0131na ve karakterine \u00e7ok uygundur.<\/p>\n

– Mesela Eb\u00fb Hayy\u00e2n ve \u00c2l\u00fbs\u00ee, \u201c\u2026Kullar\u0131 i\u00e7inden ancak \u00e2limler, Allah\u2019tan (gere\u011fince) korkar\u2026\u201d<\/b>[20]<\/a> \u00e2yetinin Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda indi\u011fini naklederler ki onun hayat\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten Allah korkusu ve ma\u02bbrifetullah\u0131n tezah\u00fcrleriyle doludur. Eb\u00fb Hayy\u00e2n \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201c\u00c2limler Allah\u2019\u0131 s\u0131fatlar\u0131yla bilirler, tek oldu\u011funu, O\u2019nunla ilgili nelerin caiz, nelerin gerekli, nelerin imk\u00e2ns\u0131z oldu\u011funu bilirler ve ona g\u00f6re tazimde bulunur, O\u2019nu hakk\u0131yla takdir eder, O\u2019ndan hakk\u0131yla korkarlar. Kimin ilmi artarsa korkusu da artar, kimin Allah\u2019\u0131 tan\u0131mas\u0131 az olursa o kendini emniyette hisseder. Ha\u015fyet konusunda pek\u00e7ok hadis ve s\u00f6z nakledilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e2yetin Eb\u00fb Bekir S\u0131dd\u00eek hakk\u0131nda indi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenir. Zira onun \u00fczerinde, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan belli olacak \u015fekilde ha\u015fyet al\u00e2metleri zuhur etmi\u015fti.\u201d[21]<\/a> \u00c2l\u00fbs\u00ee ise; \u201cBu \u00e2yetin, Allah\u2019tan korktu\u011fu y\u00fcz\u00fcnden okunan Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011fu rivayet edilir\u201d demi\u015ftir.[22]<\/a> Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in ha\u015fyet ve hu\u015fuuna dair ba\u015fka rivayetleri de yeri geldik\u00e7e zikredece\u011fiz. \u00d6yle anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ki onun kalbinde yer eden ha\u015fyet ve t\u00e2zim duygular\u0131 d\u0131\u015fa vurmu\u015f, b\u00fct\u00fcn uzuvlar\u0131nda, konu\u015fma ve hareketlerinde hissedilir hale gelmi\u015fti. Bu sebeple m\u00fcfessirler, \u00e2yet-i kerimede bahsedilen \u00e2limlere en m\u00fc\u015fahhas misalin Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir oldu\u011fu kanaatine varm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Bununla birlikte \u00e2yetin m\u00e2nas\u0131n\u0131n umumi oldu\u011funda ise hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphe yoktur.<\/p>\n

– \u0130kinci olarak At\u00e2 el-Horas\u00e2n\u00ee (v. 135\/753), \u201cRabbinin huzurunda durmaktan korkan kimselere iki cennet vard\u0131r\u201d<\/b>[23]<\/a> \u00e2yetinin Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.[24]<\/a> Bir g\u00fcn o \u00e7ok susad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fct i\u00e7mi\u015f ve bu \u00e7ok ho\u015funa gitmi\u015fti. Bir m\u00fcddet sonra kendisine i\u00e7ti\u011fi s\u00fct\u00fcn hel\u00e2l olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 haber verilince hemen istifra\u011f ederek onu \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) de ona bak\u0131yordu. Kendisine; \u201cAllah sana merhamet eylesin, hakk\u0131nda \u00e2yet indirildi\u201d<\/i> buyurdu ve bu \u00e2yeti okudu. Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in, cenneti ve cehennemi hat\u0131rlay\u0131p Allah\u2019tan korktu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu \u00e2yetin n\u00e2zil oldu\u011fu da s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir.[25]<\/a> Onun sahip oldu\u011fu ha\u015fyet duygusuyla ilgili \u015f\u00f6yle bir rivayet de kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131zda yer al\u0131r: Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a) bir g\u00fcn k\u0131yameti, mizan\u0131, cenneti, cehennemi, meleklerin saf saf dizili\u015fini, g\u00f6klerin d\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc, da\u011flar\u0131n savrulmas\u0131n\u0131, g\u00fcne\u015fin s\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ve y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n sa\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlayarak bunlar \u00fczerinde derin bir tefekk\u00fcre dalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sonra Allah korkusuyla; \u201c\u015eu ye\u015fillikler gibi bir ye\u015fillik olmay\u0131 ve bir hayvan\u0131n gelerek beni yiyip yok etmesini ne kadar isterdim!\u201d dedi. Bunun \u00fczerine yukar\u0131daki \u00e2yet-i kerime n\u00e2zil oldu.[26]<\/a> Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019i bu konuda bir \u00f6rnek olarak de\u011ferlendirmek gerekir. Zira me\u015fhur m\u00fcfessir \u0130bn Kes\u00eer\u2019e g\u00f6re bu \u00e2yetin h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc umumi kabul etmek daha do\u011frudur. Nitekim o, \u0130bn Abbas ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 sahabilerin bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fte oldu\u011funu kaydeder.[27]<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

ac) \u0130nfak\u0131 ve C\u00f6mertli\u011fi Hakk\u0131nda N\u00e2zil Olanlar<\/h5>\n

Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in en m\u00fchim vasf\u0131, Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc ve getirdi\u011fi \u0130sl\u00e2m dinini can\u0131yla oldu\u011fu kadar mal\u0131yla da desteklemi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Onun bu \u00f6zelli\u011fiyle ilgili baz\u0131 \u00e2yetlerin n\u00e2zil oldu\u011fu rivayet edilir:<\/p>\n

– Me\u015fhur tefsir kitaplar\u0131nda, \u201cMallar\u0131n\u0131 gece-g\u00fcnd\u00fcz, gizli-a\u00e7\u0131k hayra sarfedenler var ya, onlar\u0131n m\u00fck\u00e2fatlar\u0131 Allah kat\u0131ndad\u0131r. Onlara korku yoktur, \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc de \u00e7ekmezler\u201d<\/b>[28]<\/a> \u00e2yetinin Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda indi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenir. Zira o, on bin dinar gece, on bin dinar g\u00fcnd\u00fcz, on bin gizli ve on bin de a\u00e7\u0131ktan olmak \u00fczere \u0130sl\u00e2m u\u011fruna k\u0131rk bin dinar infak etmi\u015ftir.[29]<\/a> Ancak \u00e2yette belirli bir kimsenin ad\u0131 verilmedi\u011fine veya Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in kastedildi\u011fine dair bariz bir i\u015faret bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re onun h\u00fckm\u00fc umumi olup her vakit ve her halde infakta bulunan, bir muhtac\u0131n ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde tehir etmeden, herhangi bir vakte ve hale ba\u011flamadan hemen onu gidermeye ko\u015fan b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fc\u2019minler burada m\u00fcjdelenmektedir. Zaten Fahreddin er-R\u00e2z\u00ee de bunun en g\u00fczel tevcih oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.[30]<\/a><\/p>\n

– Yine onun c\u00f6mertlik \u00fczerine kurulu olan hayat tarz\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tan g\u00fczel bir misal de \u015fu rivayette kendini g\u00f6stermektedir: Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, yoksul m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara yemek yedirir, onlar\u0131 doyururdu. Bir g\u00fcn Eb\u00fb Cehil ona; \u201cEy Eb\u00fb Bekir, Allah\u2019\u0131n bu yoksul kimseleri doyurabilece\u011fine inan\u0131yor musun?\u201d dedi. Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a); \u201cEvet\u201d cevab\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Eb\u00fb Cehil; \u201cO halde neden onlara yedirip a\u00e7l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 gidermiyor?\u201d diye sordu. Eb\u00fb Bekir; \u201cAllah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 bir k\u0131s\u0131m insanlar\u0131 fakirlikle, bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 da zenginlikle imtihan eder. Fakirlere sabretmeyi, zenginlere de yedirmeyi emreder\u201d dedi. Eb\u00fb Cehil; \u201cVallahi ey Eb\u00fb Bekir, sen olsa olsa b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sap\u0131kl\u0131k i\u00e7indesin. Sen san\u0131yor musun ki Allah\u2019\u0131n bunlar\u0131 doyurmaya g\u00fcc\u00fc yetti\u011fi halde bir \u015fey vermiyor da onlara sen yemek yediriyorsun?\u201d dedi. Bunun \u00fczerine \u015fu \u00e2yet-i kerime n\u00e2zil oldu: \u201c\u00abAllah\u2019\u0131n size r\u0131z\u0131k olarak verdiklerinden hayra sarfediniz\u00bb denildi\u011finde, k\u00e2firler m\u00fc\u2019minlere dediler ki: Allah\u2019\u0131n diledi\u011fi takdirde doyurabilece\u011fi kimseleri biz mi doyuraca\u011f\u0131z? Siz ger\u00e7ekten apa\u00e7\u0131k bir sap\u0131kl\u0131k i\u00e7indesiniz.\u201d<\/b>[31]<\/a> <\/b>Leyl s\u00fbresinin 5 ve 6. \u00e2yetlerinin de bu h\u00e2dise \u00fczerine n\u00e2zil oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir.[32]<\/a> Rivayet i\u00e7in herhangi bir sened zikredilmemekle birlikte muhtevas\u0131 Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in hayat\u0131na tamamen uygundur. Zira o devaml\u0131 yoksullar\u0131 doyurmakla me\u015fgul olurdu. Bunun yan\u0131nda \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n hayata ve insana bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 en iyi kavrayan sahabi de yine o idi. Eb\u00fb Cehil\u2019e verdi\u011fi cevap onun bu y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a) infak ve c\u00f6mertlikte eri\u015filmez bir seviyede idi. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) di\u011fer sahabilerin mallar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 infak etmelerine m\u00fcsaade etmezken Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019i bundan istisna tutard\u0131.[33]<\/a> \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o bunu kald\u0131rabilecek bir ruhi k\u0131vamda ve kuvvette idi. Onun bu halini destekleyen \u00e2yetler de vard\u0131r. Nitekim Hz. Ali\u2019den rivayete g\u00f6re \u201cSize verilen herhangi bir \u015fey yaln\u0131zca d\u00fcnya hayat\u0131n\u0131n bir ge\u00e7imli\u011fidir. Allah kat\u0131nda olan ise hem daha hay\u0131rl\u0131, hem de daha bakidir. Bu, iman edenler ve Rablar\u0131na tevekk\u00fcl edenler i\u00e7indir\u201d<\/b>[34]<\/a> \u00e2yet-i kerimesi Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o, bir keresinde yan\u0131nda bulunan (toplanan) mal\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 sadaka olarak da\u011f\u0131tm\u0131\u015f, bu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 baz\u0131 m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ay\u0131plarken k\u00e2firler de bunun hatal\u0131 bir davran\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdi.[35]<\/a> Bu \u00e2yet ise Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

– Kelb\u00ee\u2019nin rivayetine g\u00f6re \u201cElbette i\u00e7inizden, fetihten \u00f6nce infak eden ve sava\u015fanlar, daha sonra infak edip sava\u015fanlarla e\u015fit de\u011fildir\u201d<\/b>[36]<\/a> \u00e2yeti de, Eb\u00fb Bekir S\u0131dd\u00eek hakk\u0131nda inmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o ilk m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan ve mal\u0131n\u0131 Allah yolunda ilk harcayan ki\u015fidir.[37]<\/a> Bu \u00e2yetin tefsirinde \u015f\u00f6yle bir rivayet zikredilir: Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) ile Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir oturuyorlard\u0131. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in \u00fczerinde eski bir elbise vard\u0131. \u00d6yle ki elbisenin u\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcnde a\u011fa\u00e7 \u00e7\u00f6pleriyle birbirine tutturmu\u015ftu. Bu esnada Cebr\u00e2il (a.s) geldi, Nebiyy-i Ekrem\u2019e Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n selam\u0131n\u0131 bildirdikten sonra; \u201cY\u00e2 Ras\u00fblallah! Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in bu hali nedir? Eski bir elbise giymi\u015f, u\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 da a\u011fa\u00e7 \u00e7\u00f6pleriyle tutturmu\u015f!\u201d dedi. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc; \u201cEy Cibr\u00eel, o mal\u0131n\u0131 Fetih\u2019ten \u00f6nce Allah\u2019\u0131n dini u\u011fruna harcad\u0131, onun i\u00e7in bu haldedir\u201d<\/i> buyurdu. Bunun \u00fczerine Cebr\u00e2il; \u201cOna Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n selam\u0131n\u0131 bildir. De ki: Rabbin sana soruyor: \u00ab\u015eu fakr u zaruret i\u00e7inde bulunman sebebiyle benden raz\u0131 m\u0131s\u0131n yoksa bana k\u0131rg\u0131n m\u0131s\u0131n?\u00bb\u201d Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc, dostu Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e d\u00f6nerek: \u201cEy Eb\u00fb Bekir, i\u015fte Cibr\u00eel burada, sana Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019dan selam getirdi. Y\u00fcce Rabbimiz: \u00ab\u015eu fakr u zaruret i\u00e7inde bulunman sebebiyle benden raz\u0131 m\u0131s\u0131n yoksa bana k\u0131rg\u0131n m\u0131s\u0131n?\u00bb diye soruyor\u201d <\/i>dedi. Eb\u00fb Bekir, Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hakk\u2019\u0131n kendisini muhatap almas\u0131 gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir lutuf kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sevincinden ne yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilemedi. Dili tutuldu. Bir m\u00fcddet a\u011flad\u0131. Sonra da; \u201cRabbime mi k\u0131zacakm\u0131\u015f\u0131m?!. Ben Rabbimden raz\u0131y\u0131m, ben Rabbimden raz\u0131y\u0131m, ben Rabbimden raz\u0131y\u0131m\u201d dedi.[38]<\/a><\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131zda b\u00f6yle bir rivayet zikredilmektedir ancak onunla istidl\u00e2lde bulunmak ve \u00fczerine h\u00fck\u00fcm bina etmek do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Zira senedindeki \u015fiddetli zaaf sebebiyle \u0130bn Hibb\u00e2n onu, tenkit edilen r\u00e2vileri tespit etti\u011fi Mecr\u00fbh\u00een <\/i>isimli eserinde zikretmi\u015ftir.[39]<\/a> Zeheb\u00ee ise bu haberin yalan ve uydurma oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade etmi\u015ftir.[40]<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

– Yine tefsirlerimizde, \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 infak ve c\u00f6mertlik \u00fczerinde duran Leyl s\u00fbresinin neredeyse tamam\u0131n\u0131n Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda indi\u011fi nakledilmektedir. O, Bilal\u2019i \u00dcmeyye b. Halef ve \u00dcbey b. Halef\u2019ten sat\u0131n al\u0131p Allah r\u0131zas\u0131 i\u00e7in azat etmi\u015fti. Bunun \u00fczerine Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak \u015fu \u00e2yetleri inz\u00e2l buyurdu: \u201c<\/b>(Karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile etraf\u0131) b\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fcp \u00f6rtt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman geceye, a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p a\u011fard\u0131\u011f\u0131 vakit g\u00fcnd\u00fcze, erke\u011fi ve di\u015fiyi yaratana yemin ederim ki i\u015fleriniz ba\u015fka ba\u015fkad\u0131r.\u201d<\/b>[41]<\/a> <\/b>Yani Eb\u00fb Bekir ile \u00dcmeyye ve \u00dcbey\u2019in i\u015fleri ve gayretleri ba\u015fka ba\u015fkad\u0131r.[42]<\/a> Ferr\u00e2\u2019ya g\u00f6re bu \u00e2yet Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ile Eb\u00fb S\u00fcfyan hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil olmu\u015ftur. Eb\u00fb Bekir m\u00fc\u015friklerin elinde bulunan dokuz k\u00f6leyi Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak i\u00e7in kendi paras\u0131yla sat\u0131n alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine Allah (c.c) bu \u00e2yeti indirdi.[43]<\/a><\/p>\n

– Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, sadece Bilal\u2019i de\u011fil, m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olup da i\u015fkenceye maruz kalan di\u011fer k\u00f6leleri de b\u00fcy\u00fck mebla\u011flar \u00f6deyerek sat\u0131n al\u0131r ve h\u00fcrriyetlerine kavu\u015ftururdu. Servetini bu \u015fekilde harcamas\u0131ndan memnun kalmayan ve hen\u00fcz m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan babas\u0131 Eb\u00fb Kuh\u00e2fe ona bir g\u00fcn; \u201cO\u011flum, sen hep zay\u0131f ve g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz k\u00f6leleri sat\u0131n al\u0131p \u00e2zat ediyorsun. Madem k\u00f6le \u00e2zat edeceksin \u015f\u00f6yle g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kuvvetli k\u00f6leler sat\u0131n al da \u00f6n\u00fcnde durup ba\u015f\u0131na gelebilecek tehlike ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklere kar\u015f\u0131 seni korusunlar!\u201d dedi. Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a); \u201cBabac\u0131\u011f\u0131m, benim b\u00f6yle davranmakta yeg\u00e2ne maksad\u0131m Allah\u2019\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131d\u0131r. Ben onlar\u0131 \u00e2zat etmekle ancak Allah kat\u0131ndaki m\u00fck\u00e2fat\u0131 istiyorum\u201d dedi. Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in bu ve benzeri c\u00f6mertliklerini medhetmek \u00fczere \u015fu \u00e2yet-i kerimeler n\u00e2zil oldu: \u201cMal\u0131n\u0131 Allah yolunda harcay\u0131p takvaya sar\u0131lan ve o en g\u00fczel olan \u015feyi <\/b>(kelime-i tevhidi, Allah\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc) tasdik eden kimseyi biz de en kolay yola muvaffak k\u0131lar\u0131z.\u201d<\/b>[44]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> <\/b>Pek \u00e7ok m\u00fcfessir, bu \u00e2yetlerin Eb\u00fb Bekir S\u0131dd\u00eek hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Hatta baz\u0131lar\u0131 bu hususta m\u00fcfessirlerin icma\u0131ndan bahsederler. Onun bu \u00e2yetlerin m\u00e2nas\u0131na d\u00e2hil oldu\u011funda \u015f\u00fcphe yoktur. Ancak evla olan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, burada \u00fcmmet i\u00e7indeki b\u00fct\u00fcn c\u00f6mertlerin kastedilmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Zira laf\u0131z umumidir.[45]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Ferr\u00e2 bu \u00e2yetteki, \u201cen g\u00fczel s\u00f6z\u00fc tasdik eden\u201d<\/b>in Eb\u00fb Bekir oldu\u011funu ifade ettikten sonra \u201cen kolay yola muvaffak k\u0131lar\u0131z\u201d<\/b> k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 da \u201conu amel-i salihlere d\u00f6nmeye muvaffak k\u0131lar\u0131z\u201d \u015feklinde tefsir etmi\u015ftir.[46]<\/a><\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 tefsirlerde, \u201cO en m\u00fcttak\u00ee olan ise ondan (ate\u015ften) uzakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r\u201d<\/b>[47]<\/a> \u00e2yetiyle kastedilenin de yine Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir.[48]<\/a><\/p>\n

Yine Ferr\u00e2, \u201cO, ki mal\u0131n\u0131 verir, temizlenir\u201d<\/b>[49]<\/a> \u00e2yetinin de Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda oldu\u011funu ifade eder, ancak ona g\u00f6re burada mal\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil de bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 infak etti\u011fi kastedilmektedir. Bu, Arap dilinde kullan\u0131lan bir ifade \u015feklidir ve Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019da \u00e7ok ge\u00e7er. Araplar \u201cFilan mal\u0131n\u0131 filana infak etti\u201d dediklerinde bu s\u00f6zleriyle mal\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek isterler.[50]<\/a><\/p>\n

Yine m\u00fcfessirler, \u201cY\u00fcce Rabbinin r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 istemekten ba\u015fka onun nezdinde hi\u00e7bir kimseye ait \u015f\u00fckranla kar\u015f\u0131lanacak bir nimet yoktur. Ve o (buna kavu\u015farak) raz\u0131 olacakt\u0131r\u201d<\/b>[51]<\/a> \u00e2yetlerinin de k\u00f6leleri \u00e2zat etti\u011fi i\u00e7in Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda indi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir.[52]<\/a><\/p>\n

Netice itibariyle say\u0131lar\u0131 hayli kabar\u0131k olan bu rivayetler, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in c\u00f6mertlik ve infak\u0131n\u0131 medheden pek \u00e7ok \u00e2yet-i kerimenin n\u00e2zil oldu\u011fu hususunda ciddi bir kanaat olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n

ad) Sabr\u0131 ve Affedicili\u011fi Sebebiyle N\u00e2zil Olanlar<\/h5>\n

Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir \u015fecaati, kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve at\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yan\u0131nda sabr\u0131 ve affedicili\u011fi ile de \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir \u015fahsiyettir. Baz\u0131 \u00e2yetlerin onun bu g\u00fczel vas\u0131flar\u0131 sebebiyle indi\u011fi rivayet edilmektedir. Nitekim:<\/p>\n

– \u0130bn Abbas, \u201cOnlar, b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnahlardan ve hay\u00e2s\u0131zl\u0131ktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131rlar; k\u0131zd\u0131klar\u0131 zaman da kusurlar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flarlar\u201d<\/b>[53]<\/a> <\/b>\u00e2yet-i kerimesinin, mal\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 infak etti\u011finde insanlar kendisini ay\u0131play\u0131nca ve muhtelif zamanlarda kendisine hakaret edildi\u011finde hep hilimle mukabele etmesi sebebiyle Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.[54]<\/a> Yani o k\u00e2mil bir ahlaka sahiptir. Hem mal\u0131n\u0131 kimsenin yapamayaca\u011f\u0131 seviyede c\u00f6mert\u00e7e infak etmi\u015f, hem de bu yolda kendisini ay\u0131playanlara kar\u015f\u0131 afla muamele edebilecek bir ahl\u00e2k\u00ee olgunluk sergileyebilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

– Ancak neticede o da bir insand\u0131r, zaman zaman sabr\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerler olmu\u015f ve o da muhatab\u0131na hak etti\u011fi cevab\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. Nitekim Ferr\u00e2, \u201cBir haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frad\u0131klar\u0131 zaman, yard\u0131mla\u015f\u0131r, \u00f6clerini al\u0131rlar\u201d<\/b>[55]<\/a> \u00e2yetinin \u00f6zellikle Eb\u00fb Bekir S\u0131dd\u00eek hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015f ve \u015fu rivayete yer vermi\u015ftir: Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) ashab-\u0131 kiram\u0131n aras\u0131nda otururken, bir adam geldi ve Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e hakaretler ederek onu \u00fczd\u00fc. Ancak Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a) s\u00fck\u00fbt etti, adama cevap vermedi. Adam ikinci sefer ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde hakaret ederek eziyet verdi. Eb\u00fb Bekir yine s\u00fck\u00fbt etti. Adam \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc sefer de hakaret edince Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir adama hak etti\u011fi cevab\u0131 verdi. Bunun \u00fczerine Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) sanki buna gazaplanm\u0131\u015f gibi kalk\u0131p y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Eb\u00fb Bekir hemen arkas\u0131ndan yeti\u015ferek; \u201cEy Allah\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc, yoksa bana dar\u0131ld\u0131n\u0131z m\u0131?\u201d diye sordu. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v); \u201cHay\u0131r\u201d<\/i> buyurdu. Sonra da \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti: \u201cL\u00e2kin semadan bir melek inmi\u015f, o adam\u0131n sana s\u00f6ylediklerini yalanl\u0131yor, senin ad\u0131na ona cevap veriyordu. Sen kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verip intikam\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131nca melek gitti, onun yerine \u015feytan geldi. Bir yere \u015feytan gelince ben orada durmam!\u201d<\/i>[56]<\/a> <\/i>Ahmed b. Hanbel\u2019in rivayetine g\u00f6re Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) bundan sonra Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e \u015funlar\u0131 da s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir: \u201cEy Eb\u00fb Bekir, \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fey vard\u0131r ki hakt\u0131r: Bir kula zulmedilir de o da Allah (c.c) i\u00e7in buna g\u00f6z yumar, ondan y\u00fcz \u00e7evirirse Allah Te\u00e2la bu sebeple o kula yard\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 daha da art\u0131r\u0131r. Kim akrabal\u0131k ve dostluk ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 kuvvetlendirmek niyetiyle \u00abverme\u00bb kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7arsa Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 mutlaka onun mal\u0131na bereket verir. Kim de mal\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00abisteme\u00bb kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7arsa Allah (c.c) onun mal\u0131n\u0131 daha da azalt\u0131r.\u201d<\/i>[57]<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

– Yine <\/i>Ferr\u00e2, \u015e\u00fbr\u00e2 s\u00fbresindeki, \u201cKim zulme u\u011frad\u0131ktan sonra hakk\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131rsa, art\u0131k onlara yap\u0131lacak bir \u015fey yoktur\u201d <\/b>mealindeki 41. \u00e2yetin de Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015ftir.[58]<\/a> \u0130bn Kes\u00eer ise \u201cKim sabreder ve affederse \u015f\u00fcphesiz bu hareketi, yap\u0131lmaya de\u011fer i\u015flerdendir\u201d<\/b> mealindeki 43. \u00e2yetin Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda indi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015f ve yukar\u0131da zikretti\u011fimiz hadis-i \u015ferife yer vermi\u015ftir.[59]<\/a> Kelb\u00ee de e\u015f-\u015e\u00fbr\u00e2 42\/40-43 \u00e2yetlerinin, ensardan birisinin kendisine s\u00f6vmesi \u00fczerine \u00f6nce kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k veren, sonra da susan ve onun devam eden s\u00f6vg\u00fclerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermeyen Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.[60]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u00e2yetlerin Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda indi\u011fini bildiren zay\u0131f rivayetler de mevcuttur. Bunlardan birine g\u00f6re \u201c\u0130\u015fte bu (Kur\u2019\u00e2n), kendisiyle uyar\u0131ls\u0131nlar, Allah\u2019\u0131n ancak bir tek ilah oldu\u011funu bilsinler ve ak\u0131l sahipleri iyice d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp \u00f6\u011f\u00fct als\u0131nlar diye insanlara ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir tebli\u011fdir\u201d<\/b>[61]<\/a> \u00e2yeti Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda indirilmi\u015ftir.[62]<\/a> Nitekim Yem\u00e2n b. Ri\u00e2b (v. ?) bu \u00e2yet-i kerimenin Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir es-S\u0131dd\u00eek hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011funu rivayet etmi\u015ftir.[63]<\/a> Ancak bu rivayet i\u00e7in herhangi bir sened zikredilmemi\u015ftir. \u00dcstelik Horasanl\u0131 olan Yem\u00e2n b. Ri\u00e2b zay\u0131f g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. D\u00e2rekutn\u00ee onun H\u00e2ric\u00eelerden zay\u0131f bir r\u00e2vi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.[64]<\/a><\/p>\n

Yine Dahh\u00e2k, el-A\u02bbl\u00e2 87\/14-15 \u00e2yetleri hakk\u0131nda, \u201cBu \u00e2yetler Eb\u00fb Bekir S\u0131dd\u00eek hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u201d demi\u015f ve \u015f\u00f6yle tefsir etmi\u015ftir: \u201cRabbinin ismini <\/b>(namazg\u00e2h yolunda) zikretti ve<\/b> (bayram) namaz\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131\u201d<\/b>.[65]<\/a> Ancak bu rivayetleri tam bir sebeb-i n\u00fczul olarak g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Belki de Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir bu \u00e2yette kastedilen m\u00fc\u2019minlerin en ba\u015f\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek gerekir.<\/p>\n

Buraya kadar \u00f6zellikle Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ve onun bir k\u0131s\u0131m f\u00e2rik vas\u0131flar\u0131yla ilgili indi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenen \u00e2yetlere ve bunlarla ilgili rivayetlere yer verdik. \u015eimdi ise di\u011fer halifelerle birlikte Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda inen \u00e2yetleri tespit etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z:<\/p>\n

\n

b) Hulef\u00e2-i R\u00e2\u015fid\u00een Hakk\u0131nda N\u00e2zil Olanlar<\/h4>\n

Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019le birlikte di\u011fer r\u00e2\u015fid halifelerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 veya hepsi hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen \u00e2yetler vard\u0131r. Nitekim:<\/p>\n

– \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, \u0130bn Eb\u00ee H\u00e2tim\u2019den, \u201cE\u011fer sadakalar\u0131 (zek\u00e2t ve benzeri hay\u0131rlar\u0131) a\u00e7\u0131ktan verirseniz ne \u00e2l\u00e2! E\u011fer onu fakirlere gizlice verirseniz, i\u015fte bu sizin i\u00e7in daha hay\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Allah da bu sebeple sizin g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6rter. Allah, yapmakta olduklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bilir\u201d<\/b>[66]<\/a> \u00e2yetinin Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ve \u00d6mer hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011funu naklederek Teb\u00fck seferine gidecek ordunun te\u00e7hizi i\u00e7in Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in mal\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131, Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in de yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 getirdi\u011fini haber veren rivayeti zikreder.[67]<\/a> \u0130bn Eb\u00ee H\u00e2tim\u2019in rivayetinde, \u201cEb\u00fb Bekir getirdi\u011fi mal\u0131n\u0131 neredeyse kendisinden bile gizleyecekti\u201d ifadesiyle onun gizli tasaddukuna i\u015faret edilir. Bu rivayete g\u00f6re Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, \u201cAilene ne b\u0131rakt\u0131n?\u201d<\/i> sorusuna, \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn va\u02bbdini\u201d cevab\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir.[68]<\/a><\/p>\n

– \u00d6zellikle \u015fiiler, halifeler aras\u0131nda kin ve husumetin oldu\u011funu iddia eder ve bunu yaymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Ehl-i Beyt\u2019in b\u00fcy\u00fckleri ise bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fte de\u011fildir. Kes\u00eer en-Nev\u00e2\u2019\u0131n nakline g\u00f6re Hz. Ali\u2019nin torunu Eb\u00fb Ca\u02bbfer (v. 114\/733 [?]), \u201c(Cennette) onlar\u0131n altlar\u0131ndan \u0131rmaklar akarken, kalplerinde kinden ne varsa hepsini \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p atar\u0131z. Ve onlar derler ki: \u00abHidayetiyle bizi (bu nimete) kavu\u015fturan Allah\u2019a hamdolsun! Allah bizi do\u011fru yola iletmeseydi kendili\u011fimizden do\u011fru yolu bulacak de\u011fildik. Hakikaten Rabbimizin el\u00e7ileri ger\u00e7e\u011fi getirmi\u015fler.\u00bb Onlara; \u00ab\u0130\u015fte size cennet; yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funuz iyi amellere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k ona v\u00e2ris k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131n\u0131z\u00bb diye seslenilir\u201d<\/b>[69]<\/a> <\/b>\u00e2yet-i kerimesinin Hz. Ali, Eb\u00fb Bekir ve \u00d6mer hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Kendisine; \u201cBu, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcslerinden s\u00f6k\u00fcp at\u0131lan kin hangi kindir?\u201d diye soruldu\u011funda ise; \u201cCahiliye kinidir. Cahiliye devrinde Ha\u015fim o\u011fullar\u0131 ile Teym ve Adiyy o\u011fullar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kin vard\u0131. Bunlar m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olunca birbirlerini sevdiler. Bir g\u00fcn Eb\u00fb Bekir \u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ali, elini \u0131s\u0131t\u0131p onun b\u00f6\u011fr\u00fcne koyarak onu rahatlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine bu \u00e2yet-i kerime indi\u201d diye cevap vermi\u015ftir.[70]<\/a><\/p>\n

Di\u011fer rivayete g\u00f6re Eb\u00fb Ca\u02bbfer\u2019e; \u201c(Baban\u0131z) Ali b. H\u00fcseyin (v. 94\/712), \u00abBiz, onlar\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcllerindeki kini s\u00f6k\u00fcp att\u0131k; onlar art\u0131k karde\u015f olarak k\u00f6\u015fkler \u00fczerinde kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya otururlar\u00bb<\/b>[71]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> \u00e2yet-i kerimesinin Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, \u00d6mer ve Ali hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyormu\u015f, ne dersiniz?\u201d diye sordular. O; \u201cEvet, Allah\u2019a yemin ederim ki bu \u00e2yet onlar hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u201d dedi. Yan\u0131ndakiler; \u201cPeki, bu \u00e2yette s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen kin nedir?\u201d dediler. O da yukar\u0131daki cevab\u0131n ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 verdi.[72]<\/a><\/p>\n

– Konuyla ilgili di\u011fer bir misal de \u015fudur: Ber\u00e2 b. \u00c2zib\u2019in rivayetine g\u00f6re Neb\u00ee (s.a.v) Ved\u00e2 Hacc\u0131 esnas\u0131nda Arafat\u2019ta Adb\u00e2 isimli devesinin \u00fczerinde vakfe yaparken bir bedevi kalk\u0131p; \u201cBen m\u00fcsl\u00fcman bir adam\u0131m, bana, \u201c\u0130man edip de salih ameller i\u015fleyenler (bilmelidirler ki) biz, g\u00fczel i\u015fler yapanlar\u0131n ecrini zayi etmeyiz\u201d<\/b>[73]<\/a> \u00e2yeti hakk\u0131nda bilgi verebilir misin?\u201d dedi. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v); \u201cSen onlardan uzak de\u011filsin, onlar da senden uzak de\u011fildir. Onlar \u015fu d\u00f6rt ki\u015fidir: Eb\u00fb Bekir, \u00d6mer, Osman ve Ali. Bu \u00e2yetin bunlar hakk\u0131nda indi\u011fini kavmine bildir!\u201d buyurdu.[74]<\/a><\/p>\n

– Kurtub\u00ee \u015fu \u00e2yet-i kerimelerin Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, \u00d6mer ve Ali hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011funu nakletmi\u015ftir: \u201c\u2026<\/b>(Ras\u00fbl\u00fcm!) O ihlasl\u0131 ve m\u00fctevaz\u0131 insanlar\u0131 m\u00fcjdele! Onlar \u00f6yle kimselerdir ki, Allah zikredildi\u011fi zaman kalpleri titrer; ba\u015flar\u0131na gelene sabrederler, namaz k\u0131larlar ve kendilerine r\u0131z\u0131k olarak verdi\u011fimiz \u015feylerden <\/b>(Allah i\u00e7in) infak ederler.\u201d<\/b>[75]<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n

– Huzeyfe (r.a) Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ve \u00d6mer\u2019le ilgili di\u011fer bir rivayeti \u015f\u00f6yle nakleder: Allah\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) bir g\u00fcn Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e; \u201c(Han\u0131m\u0131n) \u00dcmm\u00fc R\u00fbm\u00e2n\u2019la birlikte bir adam g\u00f6rsen ne yapard\u0131n?\u201d<\/i> diye sordu, Eb\u00fb Bekir; \u201cElbette ona bir k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck yapard\u0131m!\u201d diye cevap verdi. Bu sefer Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019e d\u00f6n\u00fcp; \u201cYa sen ey \u00d6mer?\u201d <\/i>diye sordu. O; \u201cVallahi onu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrd\u00fcm. \u00abAllah en aciz olana l\u00e2net etsin, elbette o habistir\u00bb derdim\u201d diye cevaplad\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine en-N\u00fbr 24\/6-10 \u00e2yet-i kerimeleri n\u00e2zil oldu.[76]<\/a><\/p>\n

– At\u00e2\u2019ya g\u00f6re, \u201cGeceleyin secde ederek ve k\u0131yamda durarak ibadet eden\u201d<\/b>[77]<\/a> \u00e2yeti, Eb\u00fb Bekir; Dahh\u00e2k\u2019a g\u00f6re de Eb\u00fb Bekir ve \u00d6mer hakk\u0131nda inmi\u015ftir.[78]<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

\n

c) Di\u011fer Sahabilerle Birlikte Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir Hakk\u0131nda N\u00e2zil Olanlar<\/h4>\n

Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e di\u011fer bir k\u0131s\u0131m sahabilerin i\u015ftirak etti\u011fi sebeb-i n\u00fczuller de bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Bunlardan biri \u015fu \u00e2yettir: \u201c\u2026C\u00fcn\u00fcp iken de -yolcu olan m\u00fcstesna- gus\u00fcl edinceye kadar namaza yakla\u015fmay\u0131n\u2026\u201d<\/b>[79]<\/a> Yez\u00eed b. Eb\u00ee Hab\u00eeb (v. 128\/745) \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201cEnsardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131 mescide a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bazen c\u00fcn\u00fcp olduklar\u0131nda yanlar\u0131nda su olmazd\u0131. Su getirmeye giderler, mescidin i\u00e7inden ba\u015fka ge\u00e7ecek yer bulamazlard\u0131. Bu \u00e2yet onlar hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu.\u201d Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019in, \u201cMescidde Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in kap\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015fka kapat\u0131lmad\u0131k hi\u00e7bir kap\u0131 kalmas\u0131n!\u201d<\/i>[80]<\/a> s\u00f6z\u00fc de bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc tasdik etmektedir. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) bu s\u00f6z\u00fc, hayat\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in kendisinden sonra halife olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n maslahat\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u0131k s\u0131k mescide girip \u00e7\u0131kmaya ihtiya\u00e7 duyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyordu. Bu sebeple onun kap\u0131s\u0131 hari\u00e7 mescide a\u00e7\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00fcn kap\u0131lar\u0131n kapanmas\u0131n\u0131 emretmi\u015fti.[81]<\/a> Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, kap\u0131s\u0131 mescide a\u00e7\u0131lan say\u0131l\u0131 sahabilerden biri idi. Yukar\u0131daki tefsire g\u00f6re \u00e2yet-i kerime Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu birka\u00e7 sahabi hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

– Konuyla ilgili me\u015fhur bir rivayet de \u015f\u00f6yledir: Ashab-\u0131 kiramdan baz\u0131lar\u0131 bir g\u00fcn M\u00fc\u2019minlerin Anneleri\u2019ne sorarak Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ibadetlerini \u00f6\u011frenmek istemi\u015flerdi. Onlar da g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini anlatt\u0131lar. Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n itidal \u00fczere yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ibadetlerini az g\u00f6ren bu kimseler kendi kendilerine; \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc nerede, biz neredeyiz? Onun ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve gelecek g\u00fcnahlar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d dediler. \u0130\u00e7lerinden biri; \u201cBen \u00f6mr\u00fcm\u00fcn sonuna kadar, b\u00fct\u00fcn gece uyumaks\u0131z\u0131n namaz k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131m!\u201d dedi. Bir di\u011feri; \u201cBen de hayat\u0131m boyunca g\u00fcnd\u00fczleri oru\u00e7 tutaca\u011f\u0131m, oru\u00e7suz g\u00fcn ge\u00e7irmeyece\u011fim!\u201d dedi. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc sahabi de; \u201cBen de sa\u011f oldu\u011fum m\u00fcddet\u00e7e kad\u0131nlardan uzak kalacak, asla evlenmeyece\u011fim!\u201d diye s\u00f6z verdi. Bir m\u00fcddet sonra Neb\u00ee (s.a.v) onlar\u0131n yan\u0131na geldi ve kendilerine \u015fu ikazlarda bulundu: \u201c\u015e\u00f6yle \u015f\u00f6yle diyen sizler misiniz? Sizi uyar\u0131yorum! Allah\u2019a yemin ederim ki, ben sizin Allah\u2019tan en \u00e7ok korkan\u0131n\u0131z ve O\u2019na en h\u00fcrmetk\u00e2r olan\u0131n\u0131z\u0131m. Fakat ben bazen oru\u00e7 tutuyor, bazen tutmuyorum. Gece hem namaz k\u0131l\u0131yor hem de uyuyorum. Kad\u0131nlarla da evleniyorum. Benim s\u00fcnnetimden y\u00fcz \u00e7eviren kimse, benden de\u011fildir.\u201d<\/i>[82]<\/a><\/p>\n

V\u00e2hid\u00ee\u2019nin rivayetinde Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in de b\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenler aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu nakledilir. Bunun \u00fczerine; \u201cEy iman edenler! Allah\u2019\u0131n size hel\u00e2l k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 iyi ve temiz \u015feyleri (kendinize) haram k\u0131lmay\u0131n ve s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 a\u015fmay\u0131n. Allah s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 a\u015fanlar\u0131 sevmez\u201d<\/b>[83]<\/a> \u00e2yetiyle yine yeminden bahseden el-Bakara 2\/225 ve el-M\u00e2ide 5\/89 \u00e2yetleri n\u00e2zil olmu\u015ftur.[84]<\/a> Kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131zda bu h\u00e2disenin, Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n ashab\u0131na \u00e2hiret hallerini anlatmas\u0131ndan sonra vuku buldu\u011fu bilgisine yer verilir. Bu rivayete g\u00f6re yapt\u0131klar\u0131 amelleri az g\u00f6rerek daha da art\u0131rmaya karar veren ashab\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ondur ve bunlar Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, Hz. Ali, Abdullah b. Mes\u02bb\u00fbd, Osman b. Maz\u02bb\u00fbn, Abdullah b. \u00d6mer, Eb\u00fb Zerr el-\u011e\u0131f\u00e2r\u00ee, Eb\u00fb Huzeyfe\u2019nin \u00e2zatl\u0131s\u0131 S\u00e2lim, Mikd\u00e2d b. Esved, Selman el-F\u00e2ris\u00ee ve Ma\u02bbk\u0131l b. Mukarrin\u2019dir. \u0130bn Abbas\u2019tan gelen bir rivayette ise \u0130bn \u00d6mer ve Ma\u02bbk\u0131l yerine Hz. \u00d6mer ve Amm\u00e2r b. Y\u00e2sir\u2019in isimleri ge\u00e7er.[85]<\/a><\/p>\n

– At\u00e2, \u201c\u00c2yetlerimize inananlar sana geldi\u011finde onlara de ki: Selam size! Rabbiniz merhamet etmeyi kendisine yazd\u0131\u2026\u201d<\/b>[86]<\/a> \u00e2yetinin Eb\u00fb Bekir, \u00d6mer, Osman, Ali, Bil\u00e2l, S\u00e2lim, Eb\u00fb Ubeyde, Mus\u02bbab b. Umeyr, Hamza, Ca\u02bbfer, Osman b. Maz\u02bb\u00fbn, Amm\u00e2r b. Y\u00e2sir, Erkam b. Ebi\u2019l-Erkam ve Eb\u00fb Seleme b. Abdilesed (r.a) hakk\u0131nda indi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.[87]<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

– Z\u00fcbeyr b. Avv\u00e2m <\/b>\u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r: \u201cCen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak, \u00abAllah\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131na g\u00f6re yak\u0131n akrabalar birbirlerine (v\u00e2ris olma\u011fa) daha uygundur\u00bb<\/b>[88]<\/a> \u00e2yetini, hususi olarak biz Kurey\u015f toplulu\u011fu ile ensar hakk\u0131nda indirdi. \u015e\u00f6yle ki: Biz Kurey\u015fliler Medine\u2019ye yan\u0131m\u0131zda mal nam\u0131na hi\u00e7bir \u015fey olmadan (hicret edip) gelmi\u015ftik. O vakit ensar\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fczel karde\u015fler olarak bulduk. Onlarla karde\u015flik ba\u011f\u0131 kurduk ve birbirimize miras\u00e7\u0131 olduk. Eb\u00fb Bekir, H\u00e2rice b. Zeyd ile karde\u015f oldu; \u00d6mer, filanca adamla karde\u015f oldu; Osman b. Aff\u00e2n da Z\u00fcreyk b. Sa\u02bbd O\u011fullar\u0131\u2019ndan bir adamla karde\u015f oldu\u2026 Ben de, Ka\u02bbb b. M\u00e2lik ile karde\u015f olmu\u015ftum. Uhud Sava\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc bana: \u00abKarde\u015fin Ka\u02bbb b. M\u00e2lik \u015fehit oldu!\u00bb denildi. Ben hemen yan\u0131na var\u0131p onu al\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcm. Kendisini buldu\u011fumda silahla yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kadar\u0131yla durumu a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Allah\u2019a yemin ederim ki ey evlad\u0131m, e\u011fer Ka\u02bbb b. M\u00e2lik o g\u00fcn bu d\u00fcnyadan g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp gitseydi ona benden ba\u015fkas\u0131 miras\u00e7\u0131 olamazd\u0131. Nihayet Y\u00fcce Allah, biz Kurey\u015f toplulu\u011fu ile ensar hakk\u0131nda hususi olarak bu \u00e2yeti indirdi, b\u00f6ylece (akrabal\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 olan) miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131za geri d\u00f6nd\u00fck.\u201d[89]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

– \u0130bn Abbas, \u201cDinleyip de s\u00f6z\u00fcn en g\u00fczeline uyan kullar\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fcjdele! \u0130\u015fte Allah\u2019\u0131n do\u011fru yola iletti\u011fi kimseler onlard\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek ak\u0131l sahipleri de onlard\u0131r\u201d<\/b>[90]<\/a> \u00e2yetiyle ilgili \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cEb\u00fb Bekir, Nebiyy-i Ekrem\u2019e iman etti. Osman, Abdurrahman b. Avf, Talha, Z\u00fcbeyr, Sa\u02bbd b. Eb\u00ee Vakk\u00e2s ve Sa\u02bb\u00eed b. Zeyd onun yan\u0131na geldiler. (\u0130man edip etmedi\u011fini) sordular. O da iman etti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Bunun \u00fczerine onlar da iman ettiler. Bu \u00e2yet onlar hakk\u0131nda indi.[91]<\/a><\/p>\n

– Yine Ahk\u00e2f s\u00fbresinin 15 ve 16. \u00e2yetlerinin Eb\u00fb Bekir ve ailesi hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011fu rivayet edilir.[92]<\/a> M\u00fcfessirlerin \u00e7o\u011fu 15. \u00e2yetin Eb\u00fb Bekir, babas\u0131 Eb\u00fb Kuh\u00e2fe ve annesi \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019l-Hayr hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir. Ali b. Eb\u00ee T\u00e2lib; \u201cBu \u00e2yet Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda indi. Anne babas\u0131 hepsi de m\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldular. Ondan ba\u015fka muhacirlerden hi\u00e7 kimsenin hem anne hem de babas\u0131 m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2, Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e, onlara iyi davranmas\u0131n\u0131 tavsiye etmi\u015ftir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm ondan sonra di\u011fer m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 da ba\u011flamaktad\u0131r\u201d demi\u015ftir.[93]<\/a> Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir 18 ya\u015f\u0131nda iken Nebiyy-i Ekrem\u2019le birlikte ticaret i\u00e7in \u015eam\u2019a gitmi\u015fti. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) o zaman yirmi ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131. K\u0131rk ya\u015f\u0131na gelip de kendisine n\u00fcb\u00fcvvet verilince Eb\u00fb Bekir ona iman etti ve Rabbine \u015f\u00f6yle dua etti: \u201cRabbim! Bana ve ana-babama verdi\u011fin <\/b>(hidayet ve iman) nimetine \u015f\u00fckretmemi ve raz\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n salih amel i\u015flememi nasip et!\u201d<\/b>[94]<\/a> <\/b>\u0130bn Abbas der ki; \u201cAllah (c.c) onun duas\u0131na icabet etti, anne ve babas\u0131 m\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldular. Eb\u00fb Bekir salih amel olarak Allah yolunda i\u015fkenceye maruz kalan dokuz m\u00fc\u2019mini \u00e2zat etti. Hay\u0131r olarak ne istediyse Allah ona ihsan eyledi. Yine \u00abz\u00fcrriyetim hakk\u0131nda da benim i\u00e7in salah nasip buyur\u00bb <\/b>diye dua etmi\u015fti. Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak buna da icabet ederek ne kadar \u00e7ocu\u011fu varsa hepsine iman nasip etti. Anne-babas\u0131n\u0131n ve evlatlar\u0131n\u0131n hepsinin iman etmesini ona nasip etti. Eb\u00fb Kuh\u00e2fe, Nebiyy-i Ekrem\u2019e eri\u015fti, o\u011flu Eb\u00fb Bekir, onun o\u011flu Abdurrahman ve onun o\u011flu Eb\u00fb At\u00eek, hepsi de Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne eri\u015ftiler. Bu l\u00fctuf, sahabeden ba\u015fka birine nasip olmad\u0131.\u201d[95]<\/a> \u0130bn As\u00e2kir\u2019deki rivayete g\u00f6re Ahk\u00e2f s\u00fbresinin, \u201cOnlar cennet ehlidirler. Yapmakta olduklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k orada ebed\u00ee kalacaklard\u0131r\u201d<\/b> mealindeki 14. \u00e2yetinden 16\u2019n\u0131n sonuna kadar Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil olmu\u015ftur.[96]<\/a><\/p>\n

– el-\u0130ns\u00e2n 76\/5-18 \u00e2yet-i kerimelerinin Bedir Gazvesi\u2019nde esir al\u0131nanlara kefil olan yedi muhacir hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir ki i\u00e7lerinde Eb\u00fb Bekir de vard\u0131r. \u0130bn As\u00e2kir\u2019in M\u00fcc\u00e2hid\u2019den rivayetinde o \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor: \u201cAllah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) Bedir\u2019de esir al\u0131nanlarla birlikte Medine-i M\u00fcnevvere\u2019ye d\u00f6nd\u00fcklerinde muhacirlerden yedi ki\u015fi bu esirlere infakta bulunarak onlar\u0131n kar\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 doyurmu\u015flard\u0131. Bunlar: Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, \u00d6mer, Ali, Z\u00fcbeyr, Abdurrahman, Sa\u02bbd ve Eb\u00fb Ubeyde ibn\u00fc\u2019l-Cerr\u00e2h idiler. Bunun \u00fczerine ensar; \u00abBiz onlarla Allah ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc yolunda sava\u015ft\u0131k, siz ise onlara infak ve yard\u0131m ediyorsunuz\u00bb demi\u015flerdi. \u0130\u015fte bunun \u00fczerine Allah Teal\u00e2 \u00ab\u015e\u00fcphesiz iyiler, k\u00e2f\u00fbr kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f dolu bir k\u00e2seden i\u00e7erler\u00bb<\/b> \u00e2yetinden ba\u015fl\u0131yarak \u00abOrada bir p\u0131nard\u0131r ki Selseb\u00eel ad\u0131 verilir\u00bb<\/b>e[97]<\/a> kadar olan \u00e2yetleri indirdi.\u201d Ancak \u00c2l\u00fbs\u00ee bu rivayeti sahih bulmamaktad\u0131r.[98]<\/a><\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda indi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenen \u00e2yetlere bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda onlar\u0131n hep umumi ifadeler oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Bu sebeple onlar\u0131 genel m\u00e2nada al\u0131p b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fc\u2019minlere te\u015fmil etmek daha do\u011frudur. Kur\u2019\u00e2n n\u00e2zil olurken Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn etraf\u0131nda Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ve di\u011fer sahabiler oldu\u011fu ve \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 ilk olarak onlar ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u00e2yetlerin onlar hakk\u0131nda indi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olmaktad\u0131r. En az\u0131ndan \u00e2yette \u00f6v\u00fclen g\u00fczel vasf\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan m\u00fc\u2019minlere ilk \u00f6rnek Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ve di\u011fer sahabiler olmu\u015ftur. Ancak sebebin hususi olmas\u0131 m\u00e2nan\u0131n umumi olmas\u0131na m\u00e2ni de\u011fildir. Di\u011fer taraftan, bu konudaki rivayetlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131, dipnotlarda ifade etti\u011fimiz gibi zay\u0131f olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Onlara dayanarak \u00e2yetlerin Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda indi\u011fini kesin olarak s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Ancak bu rivayetler, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in tefsirdeki ve m\u00fcfessirlerin nazar\u0131ndaki yerini g\u00f6stermek bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir de\u011fer ifade etmekte ve bu a\u00e7\u0131dan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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\n
\n

[1]<\/a> S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, \u0130tk\u00e2n<\/i>, I, 107.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[2]<\/a> Tafsilat i\u00e7in bkz. Serinsu, Ahmet Nedim, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n Anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda Esb\u00e2b-\u0131 N\u00fcz\u00fbl\u2019\u00fcn Rol\u00fc,<\/i> \u0130stanbul 1994, s. 68 vd.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[3]<\/a> Eb\u00fb Nuaym, Ma\u02bbrifet\u00fc\u2019s-sah\u00e2be,<\/i> I, 264.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[4]<\/a> \u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n 3\/181. 188. \u00e2yete kadar olan k\u0131sm\u0131n bu h\u00e2diseyle ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r (\u0130bn Hi\u015f\u00e2m, I, 559).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[5]<\/a> Tefs\u00eeru M\u00fcc\u00e2hid,<\/i> s. 263; Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VII, 441-443.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[6]<\/a> \u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n 3\/186.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[7]<\/a> Muk\u00e2til b. S\u00fcleyman, I, 320. Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VII, 455. Taber\u00ee \u00f6nce bu rivayeti, sonra da Ka\u02bbb b. E\u015fref hakk\u0131nda indi\u011fi rivayetini zikretmi\u015f ancak tercihte bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[8]<\/a> et-Tevbe 9\/24; Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u00cem\u00e2n, 8, Eym\u00e2n, 3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[9]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Ash\u00e2bu\u2019n-Neb\u00ee, 12 Me\u011f\u00e2z\u00ee, 14.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[10]<\/a> \u00c2l\u00fbs\u00ee, XIII, 33.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[11]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> XXI, 528, 530; \u0130bn Eb\u00ee H\u00e2tim, X, 3276-3277; M\u00e2t\u00fcr\u00eed\u00ee, IX, 122; Be\u011fav\u00ee, VII, 191; \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VII, 200-202.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[12]<\/a> \u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n 3\/144.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[13]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VII, 252; H\u00e2zin, I, 305.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[14]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VII, 252.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[15]<\/a> Fuss\u0131let 41\/30.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[16]<\/a> V\u00e2hid\u00ee, Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hasen Ali b. Ahmed b. Muhammed b. Ali en-Neysab\u00fbr\u00ee e\u015f-\u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee (v. 468\/1076), Esb\u00e2bu n\u00fcz\u00fbli\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n, <\/i>thk. Kem\u00e2l Besy\u00fbn\u00ee Za\u011fl\u00fbl, Beyrut: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-\u0130lmiyye, 1411\/1990, s. 388; \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Cevz\u00ee, Z\u00e2d\u00fc\u2019l-mes\u00eer,<\/i> IV, 51; Kurtub\u00ee, XV, 357. Rivayet senetsiz olarak zikredilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[17]<\/a> R\u00e2z\u00ee, XXVII, 121. Rivayet senetsiz olarak zikredilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[18]<\/a> ez-Zuhruf 43\/36. S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, L\u00fcb\u00e2b\u00fc\u2019n-n\u00fck\u00fbl,<\/i> s. 208. Rivayet \u00e7ok zay\u0131ft\u0131r, \u201cmu\u02bbdal\u201ddir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[19]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Hibe, 8.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[20]<\/a> F\u00e2t\u0131r 35\/28.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[21]<\/a> Eb\u00fb Hayy\u00e2n, IX, 31.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[22]<\/a> \u00c2l\u00fbs\u00ee, XI, 364.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[23]<\/a> er-Rahm\u00e2n 55\/46.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[24]<\/a> \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VII, 501.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[25]<\/a> Tefs\u00eeru Dahh\u00e2k, <\/i>II, 823; Kurtub\u00ee, XVII, 177.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[26]<\/a> S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, L\u00fcb\u00e2b\u00fc\u2019n-n\u00fck\u00fbl,<\/i> s. 225; \u00c2l\u00fbs\u00ee, XIV, 116.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[27]<\/a> \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VII, 501.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[28]<\/a> el-Bakara 2\/274.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[29]<\/a> Zemah\u015fer\u00ee, I, 319; Beyd\u00e2v\u00ee, I, 161; Nesef\u00ee, Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Berek\u00e2t Abdullah b. Ahmed b. Mahm\u00fbd, H\u00e2f\u0131zu\u2019d-D\u00een (v. 710\/1310), Med\u00e2riku\u2019t-Tenz\u00eel ve hak\u00e2iku\u2019t-te\u2019v\u00eel <\/i>(I-III), thk. Yusuf Ali B\u00fcdeyv\u00ee, Beyrut: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Kelimi\u2019t-Tayyib, 1419\/1998, I, 223; Eb\u00fb Hayy\u00e2n, II, 701; Eb\u00fc\u2019s-S\u00fc\u00fbd, Muhammed b. Muhammed b. Mustafa el-Im\u00e2d\u00ee (v. 982\/1574), \u0130r\u015f\u00e2d\u00fc\u2019l-akli\u2019s-sel\u00eem il\u00e2 mez\u00e2ya\u2019l-Kit\u00e2bi\u2019l-Ker\u00eem<\/i> (I-IX), Beyrut: D\u00e2ru \u0130hy\u00e2i\u2019t-T\u00fcr\u00e2si\u2019l-Arab\u00ee, ts., I, 265; \u00c2l\u00fbs\u00ee, II, 47.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[30]<\/a> R\u00e2z\u00ee, Eb\u00fb Abdullah Fahreddin Muhammed b. \u00d6mer b. Hasen b. H\u00fcseyn et-Teym\u00ee (v. 606\/1210), et-Tefs\u00eeru\u2019l-keb\u00eer (Mef\u00e2t\u00eehu\u2019l-\u011fayb)<\/i> (I-XXXII), Beyrut: D\u00e2ru \u0130hy\u00e2i\u2019t-T\u00fcr\u00e2si\u2019l-Arab\u00ee, 1420, VII, 71.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[31]<\/a> Y\u00e2s\u00een 36\/47. Kurtub\u00ee, XV, 37.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[32]<\/a> Kurtub\u00ee, XV, 37.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[33]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Meg\u00e2z\u00ee 79, Cen\u00e2iz 36, Ves\u00e2y\u00e2 2, Nefek\u00e2t 1, Merd\u00e2 16, Daav\u00e2t 43, Fer\u00e2iz 6; M\u00fcslim, Vas\u0131yyet 5; Tirmiz\u00ee, Men\u00e2k\u0131b, 16\/3675.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[34]<\/a> e\u015f-\u015e\u00fbr\u00e2 42\/36.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[35]<\/a> Kurtub\u00ee, XVI, 36; \u00c2l\u00fbs\u00ee, XIII, 46.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[36]<\/a> el-Had\u00eed, 57\/10.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[37]<\/a> Be\u011fav\u00ee, VIII, 33.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[38]<\/a> Eb\u00fb Nuaym, Hilye, <\/i>VII, 105; Be\u011fav\u00ee, VIII, 34; \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Cevz\u00ee, Cem\u00e2l\u00fcddin Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Ferec Abdurrahman b. Ali b. Muhammed (v. 597\/1201), S\u0131fat\u00fc\u2019s-safve,<\/i> thk. Ahmed b. Ali, K\u00e2hire: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Had\u00ees, 1421\/2000, I, 249-250; \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VIII, 14. S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019l-hulef\u00e2, <\/i>s. 39.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[39]<\/a> \u0130bn Hibb\u00e2n, Eb\u00fb H\u00e2tim Muhammed b. Hibb\u00e2n b. Ahmed el-B\u00fcst\u00ee (v. 354\/965), el-Mecr\u00fbh\u00een mine\u2019l-muhaddis\u00een ve\u2019d-duaf\u00e2 ve\u2019l-metr\u00fbk\u00een<\/i> (I-III), thk. Muhammed \u0130brahim Z\u00e2id, Halep: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Va\u02bby, 1396, II, 185.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[40]<\/a> Zeheb\u00ee, M\u00eez\u00e2n\u00fc\u2019l-i\u02bbtid\u00e2l,<\/i> III, 103; \u0130bn Hacer, Lis\u00e2n\u00fc\u2019l-M\u00eez\u00e2n,<\/i> V, 466.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[41]<\/a> el-Leyl 92\/1-4.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[42]<\/a> \u0130bn As\u00e2kir, XXX, 69.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[43]<\/a> Ferr\u00e2, III, 270.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[44]<\/a> el-Leyl 92\/5-7. Bkz. Muk\u00e2til b. S\u00fcleyman, IV, 722; \u0130bn Hi\u015f\u00e2m, I, 319; Ahmed, Fed\u00e2il\u00fc\u2019s-sah\u00e2be, <\/i>I, 237; Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> XXIV, 471; H\u00e2kim, II, 572-573\/3942; \u0130bn As\u00e2kir, XXX, 69; \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VIII, 420; S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, L\u00fcb\u00e2b\u00fc\u2019n-n\u00fck\u00fbl, <\/i>s. 258. Bu hadis, hasendir. \u0130bn \u0130sh\u00e2k\u2019\u0131n bu hadisi \u201chaddesen\u00e2\u201d ifadesiyle nakletti\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015f, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hadisten tedlis \u015f\u00fcphesi giderilmi\u015ftir. Bu hadis, \u015fahidleri dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sahihlik derecesine y\u00fckselmektedir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[45]<\/a> \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VIII, 422.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[46]<\/a> Ferr\u00e2, III, 270.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[47]<\/a> el-Leyl 92\/17.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[48]<\/a> Muk\u00e2til b. S\u00fcleyman, IV, 723; Ferr\u00e2, III, 272.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[49]<\/a> el-Leyl 92\/18.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[50]<\/a> Muk\u00e2til b. S\u00fcleyman, IV, 723; Ferr\u00e2, III, 277.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[51]<\/a> el-Leyl 92\/19-21.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[52]<\/a> Muk\u00e2til b. S\u00fcleyman, IV, 723; Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> XXIV, 479; Be\u011fav\u00ee, VIII, 448.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[53]<\/a> e\u015f-\u015e\u00fbr\u00e2 42\/37.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[54]<\/a> Kurtub\u00ee, XVI, 35-36.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[55]<\/a> e\u015f-\u015e\u00fbr\u00e2 42\/39.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[56]<\/a> Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Edeb, 41\/4896 (Elb\u00e2n\u00ee \u201chasen li-\u011fayrihi\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler); Ahmed, II, 436. Bkz. Ferr\u00e2, III, 25; \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VII, 214. Taber\u00ee ve \u0130bn At\u0131yye bu h\u00e2diseyi Fuss\u0131let 41\/35\u2019in n\u00fczul sebebi olarak zikrederler (Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> XXI, 472; \u0130bn At\u0131yye, V, 16).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[57]<\/a> Ahmed, II, 436 (\u015euayb Arna\u00fbt \u201chasen li-\u011fayrihi\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler); Taber\u00e2n\u00ee, el-Mu\u02bbcem\u00fc\u2019l-evsat,<\/i> VII, 190.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[58]<\/a> Ferr\u00e2, III, 25, 311.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[59]<\/a> \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VII, 214.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[60]<\/a> Kurtub\u00ee, XVI, 44.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[61]<\/a> \u0130brahim 14\/52.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[62]<\/a> Eb\u00fb Hayy\u00e2n, VI, 460.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[63]<\/a> Kurtub\u00ee, IX, 386.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[64]<\/a> \u0130bn Hacer, Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Fadl Ahmed b. Ali b. Muhammed b. Ahmed el-Askal\u00e2n\u00ee (v. 852\/1449), Lis\u00e2n\u00fc\u2019l-M\u00eez\u00e2n <\/i>(I-X), thk. Ebd\u00fclfettah Eb\u00fb Gudde, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Be\u015f\u00e2iri\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2miye, 2002, VIII, 546.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[65]<\/a> Tefs\u00eeru Dahh\u00e2k,<\/i> II, 955; Kurtub\u00ee, XX, 22.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[66]<\/a> el-Bakara 2\/271.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[67]<\/a> Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Zek\u00e2t, 40\/1678; Tirmiz\u00ee, Men\u00e2k\u0131b, 16\/3675 (Tirmiz\u00ee \u201chasen sah\u00eeh\u201d demi\u015ftir). Bkz. \u0130bn Eb\u00ee H\u00e2tim, II, 536; \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> I, 702.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[68]<\/a> \u0130bn Eb\u00ee H\u00e2tim, II, 536.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[69]<\/a> el-A\u2019r\u00e2f 7\/43.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[70]<\/a> \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Cevz\u00ee, Z\u00e2d\u00fc\u2019l-mes\u00eer,<\/i> II, 120.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[71]<\/a> el-Hicr 15\/47.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[72]<\/a> V\u00e2h\u0131d\u00ee, Esb\u00e2bu n\u00fcz\u00fbli\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n, <\/i>s. 282; S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, L\u00fcb\u00e2b\u00fc\u2019n-n\u00fck\u00fbl,<\/i> s. 141. Kr\u015f. \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> IV, 539.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[73]<\/a> el-Kehf 18\/30.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[74]<\/a> Nehh\u00e2s, Eb\u00fb Ca\u02bbfer Ahmed b. Muhammed (v. 338\/950), Me\u00e2ni\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n <\/i>(I-VI), thk. Muhammed Ali es-S\u00e2b\u00fbn\u00ee, Mekket\u00fc\u2019l-M\u00fckerrame: C\u00e2miat\u00fc \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019l-Kur\u00e2, 1409, IV, 235; M\u00e2verd\u00ee, Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hasen Ali b. Muhammed b. Muhammed b. Hab\u00eeb el-Basr\u00ee el-Ba\u011fd\u00e2d\u00ee, (v. 450\/1058), en-N\u00fcket ve\u2019l-uy\u00fbn<\/i> (I-VI), thk. es-Seyyid \u0130bn Abd\u00fclmaksud b. Abdirrahim, Beyrut: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-\u0130lmiyye, ts., III, 304; Izz\u00fcdd\u00een Abd\u00fclaz\u00eez b. Abdissel\u00e2m b. Ebi\u2019l-K\u00e2s\u0131m ibni\u2019l-Hasen es-S\u00fclem\u00ee ed-D\u0131me\u015fk\u00ee, Sult\u00e2n\u00fc\u2019l-Ulem\u00e2 (v. 660\/1262), Tefs\u00eeru\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n<\/i> (I-III), thk. Dr. Abdullah b. \u0130brahim el-Vehb\u00ee, Beyrut: D\u00e2ru \u0130bn Hazm, 1416\/1996; II, 247; Kurtub\u00ee, X, 398.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[75]<\/a> el-Hac 22\/34-35. Kurtub\u00ee, XII, 59.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[76]<\/a> Bezz\u00e2r, M\u00fcsned<\/i>, VII, 343\/2940; Heysem\u00ee, V, 12, VII, 74; S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, L\u00fcb\u00e2b\u00fc\u2019n-n\u00fck\u00fbl<\/i>, s. 168. Heysem\u00ee, ric\u00e2linin sika oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir ancak hadisin \u201cm\u00fcrsel\u201d olma \u015f\u00fcphesi vard\u0131r (\u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VI, 18).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[77]<\/a> ez-Z\u00fcmer 39\/9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[78]<\/a> Tefs\u00eeru Dahh\u00e2k, <\/i>II, 724; Be\u011fav\u00ee, VII, 110.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[79]<\/a> en-Nis\u00e2 4\/43. \u0130bn Abbas bu \u00e2yeti; \u201cC\u00fcn\u00fcp iken camiye girmeyin, ancak oturmadan direk ge\u00e7mek m\u00fcstesna\u201d diye tefsir etmi\u015ftir (\u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> II, 311).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[80]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Sal\u00e2t, 80.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[81]<\/a> \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> II, 311.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[82]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Nik\u00e2h, 1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[83]<\/a> el-M\u00e2ide 5\/87.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[84]<\/a> V\u00e2h\u0131d\u00ee, Esb\u00e2bu n\u00fcz\u00fbli\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n,<\/i> s. 207-208; Ali el-K\u00e2r\u00ee, el-Mirk\u00e2t,<\/i> I, 182-183.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[85]<\/a> Bkz. V\u00e2hid\u00ee, Esb\u00e2bu n\u00fcz\u00fbli\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n, <\/i>s. 208; Be\u011fav\u00ee, III, 88-89; \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Cevz\u00ee, Z\u00e2d\u00fc\u2019l-mes\u00eer,<\/i> I, 576-577.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[86]<\/a> el-En\u02bb\u00e2m 6\/54.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[87]<\/a> Be\u011fav\u00ee, III, 148.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[88]<\/a> el-Enf\u00e2l 8\/75.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[89]<\/a> \u0130bn Eb\u00ee H\u00e2tim, V, 1742; \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VI, 381. Kr\u015f. H\u00e2kim, IV, 383. H\u00e2kim bu hadisin \u201csahih\u201d oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015f, Zeheb\u00ee de bu hususta ona muvafakat etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[90]<\/a> ez-Z\u00fcmer 39\/18.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[91]<\/a> Be\u011fav\u00ee, VII, 113.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[92]<\/a> Ferr\u00e2, III, 52-53; Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> XXII, 115.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[93]<\/a> Be\u011fav\u00ee, VII, 257.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[94]<\/a> el-Ahk\u00e2f 46\/15.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[95]<\/a> Be\u011fav\u00ee, VII, 257-258. Bkz. Muk\u00e2til b. S\u00fcleyman, IV, 20.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[96]<\/a> \u0130bn As\u00e2kir, XXX, 338.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[97]<\/a> el-\u0130ns\u00e2n 76\/5-18.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[98]<\/a> \u0130bn As\u00e2kir, XXXV, 286; \u00c2l\u00fbs\u00ee, XXIX, 155.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kur\u2019\u00e2n \u00e2yetlerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 herhangi bir sebebe dayanmaks\u0131z\u0131n n\u00e2zil olmu\u015fken bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da hususi sebeplerle veya herhangi bir h\u00e2dise ve sualin akabinde onlar\u0131 izah i\u00e7in inmi\u015ftir.[1] Bu \u015fekilde \u00e2yetlerin n\u00fczul\u00fcne… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[691],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14771","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hzebubekirinkuranahizmetlerivetefsirdekiyeri"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3G27m-3Qf","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14771","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14771"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14771\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14772,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14771\/revisions\/14772"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14771"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14771"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14771"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}