{"id":14788,"date":"2016-12-01T13:30:19","date_gmt":"2016-12-01T11:30:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=14788"},"modified":"2016-12-01T13:30:19","modified_gmt":"2016-12-01T11:30:19","slug":"dmektuplarinda-ayetlere-yer-vermesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=14788","title":{"rendered":"d)\tMektuplar\u0131nda \u00c2yetlere Yer Vermesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir halife oldu\u011funda b\u00fct\u00fcn halk\u0131na hitaben umumi bir mektup yaz\u0131p onun her mecliste okunmas\u0131n\u0131 emretmi\u015fti. Bu mektupta \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00fczere kalan ve dinden d\u00f6nen herkese hitap ediyordu. Nebiyy-i Ekrem\u2019in de bir be\u015fer oldu\u011funu ve vefat etti\u011fini, Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hakk\u2019\u0131n ise daima diri olup kullar\u0131n\u0131n her halini g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, O\u2019ndan korkup hidayet istemek gerekti\u011fini, \u015feytan\u0131n insana d\u00fc\u015fman oldu\u011funu ve onu sapt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in gayret etti\u011fini, tevbe edip dine d\u00f6nenlerin affedilece\u011fini, d\u00f6nmeyenlerle sava\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan ediyordu. Bu yaz\u0131s\u0131nda Eb\u00fb Bekir ez-Z\u00fcmer 39\/30, el-Enbiy\u00e2 21\/34, \u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n 3\/144, el-Kehf 18\/17, 50, F\u00e2t\u0131r 35\/6 \u00e2yetlerine yer vermi\u015ftir.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a), Yem\u00e2me\u2019de bulunan H\u00e2lid b. Velid\u2019e \u015f\u00f6yle bir mektup yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Allah\u2019\u0131n kulu ve Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n halifesi Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019den H\u00e2lid b. Velid\u2019e ve yan\u0131ndaki muhacirler, ensar ve onlara ihsan \u00fczere t\u00e2bi olanlara! Selam\u00fcn aleyk\u00fcm. Kendisinden ba\u015fka il\u00e2h olmayan Allah\u2019a hamd etti\u011fimi size bildiririm. Bundan sonra: Hamd, va\u02bbdini yerine getiren, kuluna yard\u0131m eden, dostunu aziz, d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n\u0131 zelil eden ve b\u00fct\u00fcn topluluklara tek ba\u015f\u0131na galip gelen Allah\u2019a aittir. Kendisinden ba\u015fka il\u00e2h olmayan Allah \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur: \u201cAllah, sizlerden iman edip salih ameller i\u015fleyenlere, kendilerinden \u00f6ncekileri sahip ve h\u00e2kim k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi onlar\u0131 da yery\u00fcz\u00fcne sahip ve h\u00e2kim k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, onlar i\u00e7in be\u011fenip se\u00e7ti\u011fi dini (\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131) onlar\u0131n iyili\u011fine yerle\u015ftirip koruyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 va\u02bbdetti\u2026\u201d<\/b>[2]<\/a> <\/b>(\u00c2yetin tamam\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131 ve \u00e2yeti okudu.) Bu, Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n bir va\u02bbdidir. O va\u02bbdinden d\u00f6nmez. Bunlar, Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n kendisinde \u015f\u00fcphe olmayan s\u00f6zleridir. Bunun yan\u0131nda Allah m\u00fc\u2019minlere cihad\u0131 farz k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur: \u201cHo\u015funuza gitmedi\u011fi halde sava\u015f size farz k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131.\u201d<\/b>[3]<\/a> (Devam eden cihad \u00e2yetlerini yazd\u0131.) Allah\u2019tan, size olan va\u02bbdini tamama erdirmesini isteyin, size farz k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususta da O\u2019na itaat edin! Her ne kadar bunun zahmeti b\u00fcy\u00fck, s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok olsa da, uzak ve me\u015fakkatli yollar gitseniz[4]<\/a> de ve bu u\u011furda mallar\u0131n\u0131z ve canlar\u0131n\u0131z zarar g\u00f6rse de \u015f\u00fcphesiz b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n verece\u011fi sevap (kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k) yan\u0131nda \u00e7ok basit kal\u0131r. Allah yolunda \u201cGerek hafif, gerek a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak\u201d<\/b> gaz\u00e2 edin! \u201cMallar\u0131n\u0131zla ve canlar\u0131n\u0131zla Allah yolunda cihad edin!\u201d<\/b>[5]<\/a> (\u00c2yetin tamam\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131.) Allah sizlere rahmet eylesin! Dikkat edin, H\u00e2lid b. Velid\u2019e Irak\u2019a gitmesini emrettim. Ona emrim gelinceye kadar oradan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n. Siz de onunla beraber gidin, sak\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r davranarak[6]<\/a> ondan geri kalmay\u0131n! \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu \u00f6yle bir yoldur ki Allah o yolda niyeti g\u00fczel olanlara ve hayra ra\u011fbeti \u00e7ok olanlara ecri b\u00fcy\u00fck verir. Irak\u2019a vard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda size emrim gelinceye kadar orada bekleyin! Allah d\u00fcnya ve \u00e2hiret ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131m\u0131z hususunda bize ve size yeter. Ve\u2019s-Selamu aleyk\u00fcm ve rahmetull\u00e2hi ve berak\u00e2t\u00fch.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, Yemen\u2019deki v\u00e2lisi Muhacir b. Eb\u00ee \u00dcmeyye\u2019ye yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta Nebiyy-i Ekrem\u2019e hakaret eden yahudilerin \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcmesini, onlara ne b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnaha girdiklerini anlatmas\u0131n\u0131, tevbe edenlerden bunu kabul etmesini, \u0131srar edenlerle aralar\u0131ndaki anla\u015fmay\u0131 y\u00fczlerine atmas\u0131n\u0131 emrettikten sonra, \u201cAllah hainlerin hilesini ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015ft\u0131rmaz\u201d<\/b>[8]<\/a> \u00e2yetini yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

H\u00e2lid b. Velid\u2019in mektubuna verdi\u011fi cevapta ona Allah\u2019tan korkmas\u0131n\u0131 emrettikten sonra, \u201cZira muhakkak ki Allah, kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 gelmekten sak\u0131nan ve daima iyilik yapanlarla beraberdir\u201d<\/b>[10]<\/a> \u00e2yetini yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

Irak\u2019taki kumandan\u0131 M\u00fcsenn\u00e2 b. H\u00e2rise\u2019ye (v. 14\/635 [?]) yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupta, H\u00e2lid\u2019i Irak\u2019a g\u00f6nderdi\u011fini haber verdikten sonra yan\u0131ndakilerle birlikte onu kar\u015f\u0131lay\u0131p kendisine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131, ona kar\u015f\u0131 gelmemesini emretmi\u015f, \u201c\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o Allah -teb\u00e2reke ve te\u00e2l\u00e2-\u2019n\u0131n Kit\u00e2b\u2019\u0131nda \u00abMuhammed Allah\u2019\u0131n el\u00e7isidir. Beraberinde bulunanlar da k\u00e2firlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7etin, kendi aralar\u0131nda merhametlidirler. Onlar\u0131 r\u00fck\u00fbya var\u0131rken, secde ederken g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00bb<\/b>[12]<\/a> diye vasfetti\u011fi ki\u015filerdendir\u201d demi\u015ftir.[13]<\/a> Bu mektup g\u00fczel bir tefsir \u00f6rne\u011fidir.<\/p>\n

Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a) Yemen ehline yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektubunda Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n cihad\u0131 m\u00fc\u2019minlere farz k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade ettikten sonra \u201c(Ey m\u00fcminler!) Gerek hafif, gerek a\u011f\u0131r olarak sava\u015fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n, mallar\u0131n\u0131zla ve canlar\u0131n\u0131zla Allah yolunda cihad edin\u201d<\/b>[14]<\/a> \u00e2yetini izah ederek yazm\u0131\u015f, niyetlerinin h\u00e2lis olmas\u0131n\u0131 tavsiye etmi\u015ftir. Sonra da; \u201cAllah -teb\u00e2reke ve te\u00e2l\u00e2- kulunun amel olmadan sadece s\u00f6z\u00fcnden raz\u0131 olmaz! D\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n pe\u015fini, hak dini kabul edinceye, Kit\u00e2b\u2019\u0131n h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc ikrar edinceye veya \u00abk\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclerek elleriyle cizye verinceye kadar\u00bb<\/b>[15]<\/a> b\u0131rakmay\u0131n! Allah dininizi muhafaza eylesin, kalplerinize hidayet l\u00fctfeylesin, amellerinizi temizleyip bereketlendirsin ve sizi sabreden m\u00fccahitlerin ecriyle r\u0131z\u0131kland\u0131rs\u0131n! Ve\u2019s-Selamu aleyk\u00fcm!\u201d demi\u015ftir.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ordu kumandanlar\u0131ndan Yezid b. Eb\u00ee S\u00fcfyan (v. 18\/639) Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e bir mektup yazarak Allah\u2019\u0131n Rum melikinin kalbine korku sald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahsetmi\u015fti. Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a) ona cevaben yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektubunda Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n, Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) ile birlikte iken kendilerine korkuyla ve melekleriyle yard\u0131m etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Daha sonra Allah\u2019\u0131n m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 m\u00fccrimlerle bir tutmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden \u00e2yetten[17]<\/a> iktibasta bulunmu\u015f, d\u00fc\u015fmanla sava\u015fa te\u015fvik etmi\u015f ve \u201cAllah -teb\u00e2reke ve te\u00e2l\u00e2- bize nice az topluluklar\u0131n \u00e7ok ve kalabal\u0131k topluluklara Allah\u2019\u0131n izniyle galip geldi\u011fini[18]<\/a> haber vermi\u015ftir\u201d diyerek onlar\u0131 cesaretlendirmi\u015ftir.[19]<\/a><\/p>\n

Kumandanlar\u0131ndan Eb\u00fb Ubeyde\u2019ye (v. 18\/639) yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 cevab\u00ee mektubunda \u201cUmulur ki Rabbiniz d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 hel\u00e2k eder ve onlar\u0131n yerine sizi yery\u00fcz\u00fcne h\u00e2kim k\u0131lar da nas\u0131l hareket edece\u011finize bakar\u201d<\/b>[20]<\/a> \u00e2yetine telmihte bulunmu\u015ftur.[21]<\/a><\/p>\n

Hz. \u00c2i\u015fe \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cBabam vasiyetini iki sat\u0131ra yazd\u0131: Bismi\u2019ll\u00e2hi\u2019r-Rahm\u00e2ni\u2019r-Rah\u00eem. Bu, Eb\u00fb Bekir b. Eb\u00ee Kuh\u00e2fe\u2019nin d\u00fcnyadan \u00e7\u0131karken, k\u00e2firin iman etti\u011fi, facirin g\u00fcnah\u0131 terketti\u011fi ve yalanlayan\u0131n tasdik etti\u011fi vakitte yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vasiyetidir: Ben sizin \u00fczerinize \u00d6mer b. Hatt\u00e2b\u2019\u0131 halife tayin ettim. E\u011fer adaletle muamele ederse bu benim onun hakk\u0131ndaki zann\u0131m ve \u00fcmidimdir. Zulmeder ve istikametini de\u011fi\u015ftirirse ben gayb\u0131 bilemem! \u00ab\u2026Haks\u0131zl\u0131k edenler, hangi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fe <\/b>(hangi ak\u0131bete) d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcleceklerini yak\u0131nda bileceklerdir\u00bb<\/b>.\u201d[22]<\/a><\/p>\n

Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in \u00fcsl\u00fbbunun tamamen Kur\u2019\u00e2n ve hadislerin tesiri alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu ve s\u0131k s\u0131k \u00e2yet ve hadislerden bahsetti\u011fi gibi bundan daha fazla olarak Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u00ee kelimeleri kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131, muhtelif \u00e2yetlere telmihlerde bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu da onun s\u00f6zleriyle Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n tebli\u011f ve talimine hizmet etti\u011finin bir delilidir.<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n
\n
\n

[1]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, T\u00e2r\u00eeh<\/i>, III, 250-251; N\u00fcveyr\u00ee, Nih\u00e2yet\u00fc\u2019l-ereb,<\/i> XIX, 65-67; Kalka\u015fend\u00ee, Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Abb\u00e2s \u015eih\u00e2b\u00fcdd\u00een\u00a0Ahmed b. Ali b. Ahmed el-Fez\u00e2r\u00ee el-K\u00e2hir\u00ee (v. 821\/1418), Subhu\u2019l-a\u02bb\u015f\u00e2<\/i> (I-XV), Beyrut: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-\u0130lmiyye, ts., VI, 370-371; Safvet, Ahmed Zek\u00ee, Cemherat\u00fc res\u00e2ili\u2019l-Arab f\u00ee us\u00fbri\u2019l-arabiyyeti\u2019z-z\u00e2hire<\/i> (I-IV), Beyrut: el-Mektebet\u00fc\u2019l-\u0130lmiyye, 1356\/1937, I, 109-111.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[2]<\/a> en-N\u00fbr 24\/55.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[3]<\/a> el-Bakara 2\/216.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[4]<\/a> et-Tevbe 9\/42. Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a) konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kelimelerle de ilgili \u00e2yetlere telmihlerde bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[5]<\/a> et-Tevbe 9\/41.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[6]<\/a> et-Tevbe 9\/38.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[7]<\/a> Beyhak\u00ee, es-S\u00fcnen\u00fc\u2019l-k\u00fcbr\u00e2,<\/i> IX, 302-303; Safvet, Cemherat\u00fc res\u00e2ili\u2019l-Arab, <\/i>I, 119-120.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[8]<\/a> Y\u00fbsuf 12\/52.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[9]<\/a> Sall\u00e2b\u00ee, Eb\u00fb Bekir es-S\u0131dd\u00eek,<\/i> s. 202.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[10]<\/a> en-Nahl 16\/128. Bu \u00e2yeti bir hit\u00e2besinde de zikretmi\u015ftir (Safvet, Cemherat\u00fc hutabi\u2019l-Arab, <\/i>I, 192).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[11]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, T\u00e2r\u00eeh,<\/i> III, 263; Safvet, Cemherat\u00fc res\u00e2ili\u2019l-Arab, <\/i>I, 113.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[12]<\/a> el-Feth 48\/29.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[13]<\/a> Safvet, Cemherat\u00fc res\u00e2ili\u2019l-Arab, <\/i>I, 120-121.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[14]<\/a> et-Tevbe 9\/41.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[15]<\/a> et-Tevbe 9\/29.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[16]<\/a> \u0130bn As\u00e2kir, II, 65; Safvet, Cemherat\u00fc res\u00e2ili\u2019l-Arab, <\/i>I, 133.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[17]<\/a> el-Kalem 68\/35.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[18]<\/a> el-Bakara 2\/249.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[19]<\/a> Safvet, Cemherat\u00fc res\u00e2ili\u2019l-Arab, <\/i>I, 137-138.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[20]<\/a> el-A\u02bbr\u00e2f 7\/129.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[21]<\/a> Safvet, Cemherat\u00fc res\u00e2ili\u2019l-Arab, <\/i>I, 139-140.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[22]<\/a> e\u015f-\u015euar\u00e2 28\/227. \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VI, 177. Kr\u015f. Bkz. \u0130bn Sa\u02bbd, III, 199-200; \u0130bn As\u00e2kir, XLIV, s. 252; M\u00fcttak\u00ee el-Hind\u00ee, Kenz\u00fc\u2019l-umm\u00e2l,<\/i> V, 674\/14175.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir halife oldu\u011funda b\u00fct\u00fcn halk\u0131na hitaben umumi bir mektup yaz\u0131p onun her mecliste okunmas\u0131n\u0131 emretmi\u015fti. Bu mektupta \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00fczere kalan ve dinden d\u00f6nen herkese hitap ediyordu. Nebiyy-i Ekrem\u2019in… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[691],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14788","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hzebubekirinkuranahizmetlerivetefsirdekiyeri"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3G27m-3Qw","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14788","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14788"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14788\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14789,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14788\/revisions\/14789"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14788"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14788"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14788"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}