{"id":14802,"date":"2016-12-01T13:36:31","date_gmt":"2016-12-01T11:36:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=14802"},"modified":"2016-12-01T13:36:31","modified_gmt":"2016-12-01T11:36:31","slug":"2-kurani-ezberlemesi-ve-cok-okumasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=14802","title":{"rendered":"2. Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 Ezberlemesi ve \u00c7ok Okumas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Umumi olarak b\u00fct\u00fcn ashab-\u0131 kiram, Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019i \u00e7ok\u00e7a okur, onu okumad\u0131klar\u0131 ve sayfalar\u0131na bakmad\u0131klar\u0131 bir g\u00fcn\u00fcn ge\u00e7mesini istemezlerdi. Sabah kalkt\u0131klar\u0131nda ilk yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015f Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden okumak olurdu. Hatta g\u00f6z rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlara Mushaf-\u0131 \u015eerif\u2019e bakmay\u0131 tavsiye ederlerdi.[1]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Kur\u2019\u00e2n ile me\u015fgul olmaya te\u015fvik eden \u00e7ok say\u0131daki \u00e2yet ve hadisler sebebiyle sahabeden pek\u00e7ok ki\u015fi h\u00e2f\u0131z olmu\u015ftur. Bi\u2019r-i Ma\u00fbne, Yem\u00e2me[2]<\/a> ve benzeri sava\u015flarda \u00e7ok say\u0131da h\u00e2f\u0131z\u0131n \u015fehit olmas\u0131 bunun en b\u00fcy\u00fck delilidir. Kaynaklarda bize isimleri nakledilen h\u00e2f\u0131zlar ise hayatta kalan ve Medine veya yeni fethedilen yerlerde Kur\u2019\u00e2n \u00f6\u011fretmeye devam eden h\u00e2f\u0131z sahabilerin isimleridir. Bu sebeple h\u00e2f\u0131zlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak tesbit edebilmek neredeyse m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

D\u00f6rt halife, bilhassa da Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 ba\u015ftan sona ezberleyen sahabiler aras\u0131nda idiler.[4]<\/a> Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda rakik bir kalple okudu\u011fu Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 dinlemek i\u00e7in insanlar\u0131n etraf\u0131na topland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fc\u015friklerin bundan rahats\u0131z olarak \u201c\u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ve han\u0131mlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n akl\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7elecek\u201d diye buna m\u00e2ni olmak istediklerini daha \u00f6nce zikretmi\u015ftik. O da evinin bah\u00e7esine bir mescid yaparak namaz\u0131na ve Kur\u2019\u00e2n tilavetine orada devam etmi\u015fti. Namaz, Kur\u2019\u00e2n ile \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131 olan bir ibadettir. \u00c7ok\u00e7a namaz k\u0131lan bir insan\u0131n ezberinde \u00e7ok Kur\u2019\u00e2n oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.[5]<\/a> Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hasan el-E\u015f\u02bbar\u00ee, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 en iyi bilen bir ki\u015fi oldu\u011funa, Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n son g\u00fcnlerinde \u0131srarla onu imamete ge\u00e7irmesini delil g\u00f6sterir. Zira Nebiyy-i Ekrem\u2019in; \u201cBir toplulu\u011fa, i\u00e7lerinden Allah\u2019\u0131n Kit\u00e2b\u0131\u2019n\u0131 en \u00e7ok okuyup belleyen ve okumaya en evvel ba\u015flayan ki\u015fi imam olsun!\u201d<\/i>[6]<\/a> <\/i>buyurdu\u011fu sabittir. Eb\u00fb Bekir Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 sahabenin en iyi bileni olmasayd\u0131 Ras\u00fblullah hi\u00e7 onu imamete ge\u00e7irir miydi?[7]<\/a> Di\u011fer taraftan Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in namaz k\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131rken uzun s\u00fbreler okudu\u011funa dair birbirini destekleyen \u00e7ok say\u0131da rivayet vard\u0131r ki bunlar\u0131 ileride nakledece\u011fiz. Bu da ancak haf\u0131zas\u0131 kuvvetli, Kur\u2019\u00e2n k\u0131raatiyle \u00e7ok me\u015fgul olan ve onu ezberleyen birinin yapabilece\u011fi bir i\u015ftir.[8]<\/a> B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 ezberleyenlerin en \u00f6n\u00fcnde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Hz. Enes; \u201cRas\u00fblullah zaman\u0131nda Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 d\u00f6rt ki\u015fi cem\u02bb etmi\u015fti (ezberlemi\u015fti)\u201d demi\u015ftir.[9]<\/a> O bu s\u00f6z\u00fcyle ensardan olanlar\u0131 kastetmi\u015f veya o esnada zihnine bu isimler gelmi\u015f ya da Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn a\u011fz\u0131ndan do\u011frudan alanlar\u0131 veya k\u0131raat vecihleriyle birlikte ezberleyenleri bildirmek istemi\u015f olabilir. Bu durum, bunlar\u0131n haricinde muhacirlerden ve di\u011fer sahabilerden h\u00e2f\u0131zlar\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermez. Yani Enes, bildi\u011fi kadar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir, hakikat b\u00f6yle olmayabilir.[10]<\/a> Nitekim muhacirlerden bir grup, Eb\u00fb Bekir, di\u011fer halifeler, Talha, Sa\u02bbd, \u0130bn Mes\u02bb\u00fbd, Huzeyfe, S\u00e2lim, Eb\u00fb H\u00fcreyre, Abdullah b. S\u00e2ib (v. 70\/689-90), Ab\u00e2dile ve benzerleri Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 ezberlemi\u015flerdi.[11]<\/a> Etrafa da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 ezberlemi\u015f y\u00fczlerce sahabi vard\u0131. K\u00e2s\u0131m b. Sell\u00e2m, K\u0131r\u00e2\u00e2t<\/i> kitab\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, Zeheb\u00ee de Ma\u02bbrifet\u00fc\u2019l-Kurr\u00e2\u2019<\/i> isimli eserinde bunlar\u0131n pek\u00e7o\u011funu zikreder. \u00dcstelik bu h\u00e2f\u0131zlar Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 Nebiyy-i Ekrem\u2019e arzeden ve isnatlar\u0131 bize ula\u015fanlard\u0131r. Bir de Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 ezberledi\u011fi halde isnatlar\u0131 bize ula\u015fmayan niceleri vard\u0131r.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u015ea\u02bbb\u00ee\u2019den (v. 104\/722) nakledilen; \u201cEb\u00fb Bekir Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 cem edemeden vefat etti\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc de ya reddedilmeli veya tevil edilmelidir. Bu s\u00f6z, \u201cHz. Osman\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi tertip \u00fczere mushafta cem\u02bb edemedi\u201d \u015feklinde anla\u015f\u0131labilir.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130bn Hacer; \u201cPek \u00e7ok hadisten anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re Eb\u00fb Bekir, Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn hayat\u0131nda iken Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 ezberlemi\u015fti\u201d der.[14]<\/a> Ona g\u00f6re Nebiyy-i Ekrem\u2019den Kur\u2019\u00e2n \u00f6\u011frenmeye olan h\u0131rs\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn zihnini buna teksif etmesi, devaml\u0131 Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) ile birlikte bulunmas\u0131 gibi sebeplerle Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in h\u00e2f\u0131z olmas\u0131, kendisinde hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphe edilmeyen hususlardan biridir.[15]<\/a> Onun vahye olan i\u015ftiyak\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren \u015fu rivayet, \u0130bn Hacer\u2019e hak vermemizi gerektiren sebeplerden biridir: Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n vefat\u0131ndan sonra Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a), Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019e; \u201cHaydi, \u00dcmm\u00fc Eymen\u2019i ziyarete gidelim, Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi biz de onu ziyaret edelim!\u201d dedi. Yan\u0131na vard\u0131klar\u0131nda \u00dcmm\u00fc Eymen a\u011flamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Onlar; \u201cNi\u00e7in a\u011fl\u0131yorsun? Efendimiz i\u00e7in Allah kat\u0131ndaki nimetlerin \u00e7ok daha hay\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011funu bilmiyor musun?\u201d dediler. \u00dcmm\u00fc Eymen; \u201cBen onun i\u00e7in a\u011flam\u0131yorum. Zira Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131ndaki nimetlerin, Ras\u00fblullah i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyadan daha hay\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011funu bilmiyor de\u011filim. L\u00e2kin ben, semadan inen vahyin kesilmi\u015f olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 a\u011fl\u0131yorum!\u201d dedi. \u00dcmm\u00fc Eymen\u2019le birlikte onlar da a\u011flamaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.[16]<\/a> Demek ki onlar da en az \u00dcmm\u00fc Eymen kadar vahye i\u015fiyak duyuyorlard\u0131. Bu i\u015ftiyak\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir insan\u0131n gelen vahiyleri ezberlememesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez.<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n
\n
\n

[1]<\/a> Bkz. Beyhak\u00ee, \u015euab<\/i>, III, 516\/2047; Heysem\u00ee, VII, 165; Kett\u00e2n\u00ee, II, 197.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[2]<\/a> Bi\u2019r-i Ma\u00fbne\u2019de yetmi\u015f h\u00e2f\u0131z \u015fehid edilmi\u015fti. Yem\u00e2me\u2019de ise yediy\u00fcz veya daha fazla sahabinin \u015fehid oldu\u011fu nakledilir. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde \u00e7ok say\u0131da h\u00e2f\u0131z vard\u0131 (Zerke\u015f\u00ee, Eb\u00fb Abdillah Bedr\u00fcddin Muhammed b. Abdillah b. Bah\u00e2d\u0131r (v. 794), el-Burh\u00e2n f\u00ee ul\u00fbmi\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n<\/i> (I-IV), thk. Muhammed Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Fadl \u0130brahim, D\u00e2ru \u0130hy\u00e2i\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcb, 1376\/1957, I, 242; \u0130bn Hacer, Fethu\u2019l-B\u00e2r\u00ee,<\/i> IX, 12).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[3]<\/a> Zerke\u015f\u00ee, el-Burh\u00e2n,<\/i> I, 241-242; H\u00e2f\u0131z sahabilere ait bir liste i\u00e7in bkz. \u0130bn Sa\u02bbd, II, 355-356; A\u02bbzam\u00ee, Kur\u2019\u00e2n Tarihi,<\/i> s. 101-103.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[4]<\/a> \u0130bn Hacer, Fethu\u2019l-B\u00e2r\u00ee,<\/i> IX, 51-52; S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019l-hulef\u00e2,<\/i> s. 120; Kett\u00e2n\u00ee, I, 106-107; \u015eibl\u00ee, Asr-\u0131 Saadet, <\/i>IV, 78; A\u02bbzam\u00ee, Kur\u2019\u00e2n Tarihi, <\/i>s. 101.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[5]<\/a> Fayda, \u201cEb\u00fb Bekir\u201d mad., D\u0130A,<\/i> X,\u00a0105.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[6]<\/a> M\u00fcslim, Mes\u00e2cid, 290-291. Kr\u015f. Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Sal\u00e2t, 60\/582-590.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[7]<\/a> Bkz. \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Fed\u00e2il\u00fc\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n<\/i> (Tefs\u00eer<\/i>\u2019in mukaddimesinde, I, 24); Kett\u00e2n\u00ee, I, 106.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[8]<\/a> Bkz. B\u00e2k\u0131ll\u00e2n\u00ee, Eb\u00fb Bekr Muhammed b. Tayyib b. Muhammed el-Basr\u00ee (v. 403\/1013), el-\u0130ntis\u00e2r li\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n<\/i> (I-II), thk. Muhammed Is\u00e2mu\u2019l-Kud\u00e2t, Amm\u00e2n: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Feth-Beyrut: D\u00e2ru \u0130bn Hazm, 1422\/2001, I, 182.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[9]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Men\u00e2k\u0131bu\u2019l-Ens\u00e2r, 17; M\u00fcslim, Fed\u00e2il\u00fc\u2019s-Sah\u00e2be, 119.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[10]<\/a> Bu s\u00f6z\u00fcn farkl\u0131 teviller i\u00e7in bkz. Zerke\u015f\u00ee, el-Burh\u00e2n,<\/i> I, 242; Kett\u00e2n\u00ee, I, 106.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[11]<\/a> Bkz. \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Fed\u00e2il\u00fc\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n<\/i> (Tefs\u00eer<\/i>\u2019in mukaddimesinde, I, 24); Kett\u00e2n\u00ee, I, 106.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[12]<\/a> Zerke\u015f\u00ee, el-Burh\u00e2n,<\/i> I, 242-243.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[13]<\/a> S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019l-hulef\u00e2,<\/i> s. 120.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[14]<\/a> \u0130bn Hacer, Fethu\u2019l-B\u00e2r\u00ee,<\/i> IX, 51.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[15]<\/a> \u0130bn Hacer, Fethu\u2019l-B\u00e2r\u00ee<\/i>, IX, 51-52.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[16]<\/a> M\u00fcslim, Fed\u00e2il\u00fc\u2019s-Sah\u00e2be, 103.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Umumi olarak b\u00fct\u00fcn ashab-\u0131 kiram, Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019i \u00e7ok\u00e7a okur, onu okumad\u0131klar\u0131 ve sayfalar\u0131na bakmad\u0131klar\u0131 bir g\u00fcn\u00fcn ge\u00e7mesini istemezlerdi. Sabah kalkt\u0131klar\u0131nda ilk yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015f Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden okumak olurdu. Hatta g\u00f6z rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[691],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14802","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hzebubekirinkuranahizmetlerivetefsirdekiyeri"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3G27m-3QK","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14802","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14802"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14802\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14803,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14802\/revisions\/14803"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14802"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14802"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14802"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}