Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in, ilk g\u00fcnlerde \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n yerle\u015fip yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda hizmetleri oldu\u011fu gibi daha sonraki as\u0131rlarda da anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131p ya\u015fanmas\u0131nda di\u011fer insanlardan farkl\u0131 bir yeri vard\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee ilimlerde her zaman onun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine \u00f6ncelik verilmi\u015f ve o bu alanda otorite olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u015eimdi bu iddiay\u0131 delillendiren birka\u00e7 misale bakal\u0131m:<\/p>\n
\u0130bn Abbas\u2019\u0131n nakline g\u00f6re Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) insanlar\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a davet etmek i\u00e7in muhtelif b\u00f6lgelere adamlar g\u00f6nderiyordu. Bir ki\u015fi; \u201cEb\u00fb Bekir ve \u00d6mer\u2019i de g\u00f6nderseniz!\u201d dedi. Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem; \u201cEb\u00fb Bekir ve \u00d6mer\u2019e ihtiyac\u0131m var. Eb\u00fb Bekir ve \u00d6mer \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da, insandaki kulak ve g\u00f6z mesabesindedir\u201d <\/i>buyurdu.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n \u0130bn Abbas\u2019a bir mesele soruldu\u011funda bu hususta Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019da bir h\u00fck\u00fcm varsa onu naklederdi. Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019da yok da Ras\u00fblullah\u2019tan bir bilgi nakledilmi\u015fse onunla cevap verirdi. O da yoksa Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ve \u00d6mer\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve tatbikat\u0131na m\u00fcracaat ederdi. O da bulunmazsa sorulan meselede kendi reyine g\u00f6re h\u00fck\u00fcm verirdi.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n Abdullah b. Mes\u02bb\u00fbd (r.a); \u201cRas\u00fblullah (s.a.v) ile birlikte Mina\u2019da (d\u00f6rt rek\u00e2tl\u0131k farzlar\u0131) iki rek\u00e2t k\u0131ld\u0131m, Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019le de iki rek\u00e2t k\u0131ld\u0131m, \u00d6mer\u2019le de iki rek\u00e2t k\u0131ld\u0131m\u2026\u201d demi\u015ftir.[3]<\/a> Bu s\u00f6z\u00fcyle o, Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019nden sonra Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ve \u00d6mer\u2019i, fiilleri delil al\u0131nacak ki\u015filer olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n \u0130bn \u00d6mer de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde; \u201cRas\u00fblullah (s.a.v) ile birlikte haccettim, g\u00fcnd\u00fcz namazlar\u0131n n\u00e2filelerini k\u0131lmazd\u0131, Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019le birlikte haccettim, o da g\u00fcnd\u00fcz namazlar\u0131n n\u00e2filelerini k\u0131lmazd\u0131, \u00d6mer\u2019le birlikte haccettim, o da g\u00fcnd\u00fcz namazlar\u0131n n\u00e2filelerini k\u0131lmazd\u0131\u2026\u201d[4]<\/a> diyerek ayn\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n \u0130mam Z\u00fchr\u00ee; \u201cRas\u00fblullah (s.a.v) ve ondan sonraki iki halife taraf\u0131ndan, \u00abHadlerde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u015fahitli\u011fi caiz de\u011fildir\u00bb diye bir s\u00fcnnet ortaya konmu\u015ftur\u201d[5]<\/a> diyerek Hulef\u00e2-i R\u00e2\u015fid\u00een\u2019in dinde delil olu\u015funu ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in, Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn vefat\u0131ndan sonra \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00e7ok hizmetleri olmu\u015ftur. \u0130bn Kesir, \u201cDe ki: Ey kavmim! Elinizden geleni yap\u0131n! Ben de yapaca\u011f\u0131m! Yurdun (d\u00fcnyan\u0131n) sonunun kimin lehine oldu\u011funu yak\u0131nda bileceksiniz. Ger\u00e7ek \u015fu ki, zalimler iflah olmazlar\u201d<\/b>[6]<\/a> \u00e2yetini tefsir ederken Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n Neb\u00ee\u2019sine olan va\u02bbdini yerine getirdi\u011fini, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 yery\u00fcz\u00fcne yerle\u015ftirdi\u011fini, onu d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131na h\u00e2kim k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Mekke\u2019yi fethetti\u011fini, onu, kavminden kendisini yalanlayanlara ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k edenlere kar\u015f\u0131 galip getirdi\u011fini, dininin Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer yerlerine, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Yemen ve Bahreyn\u2019e de yerle\u015fti\u011fini, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n onun hayat\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini, vefat\u0131ndan sonra halifeleri zaman\u0131nda da nice \u015fehirlerin, b\u00f6lgelerin ve arazilerin fethedildi\u011fini s\u00f6yler.[7]<\/a> Yani Ras\u00fblullah\u2019a va\u02bbd edilen fetihlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 onun halifeleri zaman\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu da R\u00e2\u015fit Halifeler\u2019in \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n te\u015fekk\u00fcl\u00fcndeki \u00f6nemini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. \u015eah Veliyyullah ed-Dihlev\u00ee bunu \u015f\u00f6yle ifade eder:<\/p>\n \u201cKur\u2019\u00e2n ve S\u00fcnnet\u2019te Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019e nisbet ve va\u02bbd edilen baz\u0131 hususlar hen\u00fcz tamamlanmadan o Mele-i A\u02bbl\u00e2\u2019ya intikal etmi\u015ftir. Bu i\u015fler, ona niyabeten halifeler eliyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Sonradan tamamlanan bu i\u015fler hakikatte yine ona nisbet edilir. Zira halifeleri, onun uzuvlar\u0131, eli aya\u011f\u0131 mesabesindedir, onun ad\u0131na i\u015f yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.\u201d[8]<\/a> Dihlev\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re Hulef\u00e2-i Ra\u015fid\u00een devri, n\u00fcb\u00fcvvet devrinin tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Aralar\u0131ndaki fark sadece vahyin kesilmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.[9]<\/a> Yine o, R\u00e2\u015fid Halifeler\u2019den biri bir h\u00fck\u00fcm verip uygulam\u0131\u015f ve m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar da onu tatbik etmi\u015flerse o h\u00fckm\u00fcn art\u0131k dinde delil olarak kabul edildi\u011fini s\u00f6yler.[10]<\/a> Yine Kitap ve S\u00fcnnet\u2019ten sonra f\u0131kh\u0131n en m\u00fchim ve en \u00fcst\u00fcn k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n, Hulef\u00e2-i R\u00e2\u015fid\u00een\u2019in icmalar\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler.[11]<\/a> Ona g\u00f6re Hulef\u00e2-i R\u00e2\u015fid\u00een\u2019in amellerinin h\u00fcccet olu\u015fu \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n 1) Halifelerin yap\u0131p da ashab-\u0131 kiram\u0131n \u00fczerinde ittifak etti\u011fi ameller, daha sonraki nesiller i\u00e7in ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 bir icmad\u0131r.<\/p>\n 2) Hakk\u0131nda re\u2019y ve ictihada mahal olmayan ameller merf\u00fb s\u00fcnnet h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n 3) \u0130ctihada imk\u00e2n olan ve sahabeden ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n muhalefet etti\u011fi ama kendilerine itaat edilmesi vacip \u00fcl\u00fclemr olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in halifelerin ictihad\u0131na boyun e\u011fdikleri ameller. Bu k\u0131sm\u0131n h\u00fcccet olu\u015fu hususunda usul \u00e2limleri ihtilaf etmi\u015flerdir.[12]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n Nakletti\u011fimiz bu rivayetler, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in dinde ve bilhassa da d\u00een\u00ee ilimlerde \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n [1]<\/a> H\u00e2kim, III, 78\/4448; \u0130bn Hacer, Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Fadl Ahmed b. Ali b. Muhammed b. Ahmed el-Askal\u00e2n\u00ee (v. 852\/1449), \u0130th\u00e2f\u00fc\u2019l-mehera bi\u2019l-fev\u00e2idi\u2019l-m\u00fcbtekira min etr\u00e2fi\u2019l-a\u015fera <\/i>(I-XIX), thk. Z\u00fcheyr b. N\u00e2s\u0131r en-N\u00e2s\u0131r ve di\u011ferleri, el-Med\u00eene: Mecmau\u2019l-Melik Fehd li-t\u0131b\u00e2ati\u2019l-Mushafi\u2019\u015f-\u015eer\u00eef, 1415\/1994, IV, 265\/4241; S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019l-hulef\u00e2,<\/i> s. 135. Zeheb\u00ee, \u201cBu rivayette Hafs b. \u00d6mer el-Aden\u00ee teferr\u00fcd etmi\u015ftir. O ise v\u00e2h\u00eedir\u201d demi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [2]<\/a> D\u00e2rim\u00ee, Mukaddime, 20\/168; \u0130bn Eb\u00ee \u015eeybe, Musannef<\/i>, IV, 544\/22994.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [3]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Taks\u00eeru\u2019s-Sal\u00e2h, 2; M\u00fcslim, M\u00fcs\u00e2fir\u00een, 19.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [4]<\/a> Abd\u00fcrrazzak, Musannef,<\/i> II, 557. Ancak Hanef\u00eeler bu t\u00fcr rivayetleri, korku ve imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131k hallerine yormu\u015flar, s\u00fcnnet ve n\u00e2filelerde sefer sebebiyle k\u0131saltma ve terkin olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sefer esnas\u0131nda namaz\u0131 k\u0131saltmak ak\u0131lla de\u011fil vahiyle bilinebilecek bir \u015feydir. Naslarda ise sadece farzlar\u0131n k\u0131salt\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir (Bkz. Serahs\u00ee, Eb\u00fb Bekr \u015eems\u00fc\u2019l-eimme Muhammed b. Eb\u00ee Sehl Ahmed (v. 483\/1090 [?]), el-Mebs\u00fbt <\/i>(I-XXX), Beyrut: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Ma\u02bbrife, 1414\/1993, I, 236).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [5]<\/a> \u0130bn Eb\u00ee \u015eeybe, Musannef<\/i>, V, 533\/28714.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [6]<\/a> el-En\u2019\u00e2m 6\/135.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [7]<\/a> \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> III, 345.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [8]<\/a> Dihlev\u00ee, \u0130z\u00e2let\u00fc\u2019l-haf\u00e2,<\/i> I, 109.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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