M\u00fcfessirler baz\u0131 \u00e2yetlerin tefsirinde o \u00e2yetlerin Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in hilafetine i\u015faret etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir. Bunlardan tespit edebildiklerimizi \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/p>\n
– T\u00e2bi\u00eenin m\u00fcfessirlerinden \u0130krime (v. 105\/723), \u201cEy iman edenler! Allah\u2019a itaat edin. Ras\u00fbl\u2019e ve sizden olan \u00fcl\u00fclemre (idarecilere) de itaat edin!\u201d<\/b>[1]<\/a> \u00e2yetinde kastedilenlerin Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ve \u00d6mer oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.[2]<\/a> Ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc payla\u015fan Be\u011fav\u00ee, ard\u0131ndan Huzeyfe b. Yeman\u2019\u0131n (v. 36\/656) bir sonraki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde zikredece\u011fimiz rivayetine yer verir.<\/p>\n – T\u00e2bi\u00eenin \u00e2limlerinden Hasan Basr\u00ee (v. 110\/728) ve Dahh\u00e2k (v. 105\/723), \u201cEy iman edenler! Sizden kim dininden d\u00f6nerse (bilsin ki) Allah, onun yerine \u00f6yle bir kavim getirecek ki Allah onlar\u0131 sever, onlar da Allah\u2019\u0131 severler\u201d<\/b>[3]<\/a> \u00e2yetinin Eb\u00fb Bekir ve ashab\u0131na i\u015faret etti\u011fini yeminle tekid ederek s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir.[4]<\/a> Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde t\u00e2bi\u00eenin m\u00fcfessirlerinden Kat\u00e2de de (v. 117\/735), ridde h\u00e2diselerinden bahsettikten sonra \u201cBiz bu \u00e2yetin Eb\u00fb Bekir ve ashab\u0131 hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011funu konu\u015furduk\u201d demi\u015ftir.[5]<\/a> Tarih\u00ee veriler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u00e2yette bahsedilen g\u00fczel s\u0131fatlar, en fazla Eb\u00fb Bekir ve arkada\u015flar\u0131na uygun d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in bu \u00e2yet, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in hilafetinin s\u0131hhatine ve Allah\u2019\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131na uygun oldu\u011funa bir delil te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/p>\n – Bu konuda istidlal edilen \u00e2yetlerden biri de \u015fudur: \u201cAllah, sizlerden iman edip salih amellerde bulunanlara, kendilerinden \u00f6ncekileri sahip ve h\u00e2kim k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi onlar\u0131 da yery\u00fcz\u00fcne sahip ve h\u00e2kim k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, onlar i\u00e7in be\u011fenip se\u00e7ti\u011fi dini (\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131) onlar\u0131n iyili\u011fine yerle\u015ftirip koruyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve (ge\u00e7irdikleri) korku d\u00f6neminden sonra, bunun yerine onlara emniyet verece\u011fini va\u02bbd etti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar bana kulluk ederler; hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi bana e\u015f tutmazlar. Art\u0131k bundan sonra kim ink\u00e2r ederse, i\u015fte bunlar as\u0131l b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnahk\u00e2rlard\u0131r.\u201d<\/b>[6]<\/a><\/p>\n Dahh\u00e2k \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cBu \u00e2yet Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, \u00d6mer, Osman ve Ali\u2019nin hilafetlerini tazammun etmektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar ehl-i imand\u0131r ve amel-i salihler i\u015flemi\u015flerdir. Zira Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v); \u00abBenden sonra n\u00fcb\u00fcvvete l\u00e2y\u0131k ger\u00e7ek ve k\u00e2mil hilafet, otuz senedir, sonra m\u00fclk (saltanat) olur\u00bb<\/i>[7]<\/a> buyurmu\u015ftur.\u201d[8]<\/a><\/p>\n \u0130bn Kuteybe\u2019ye g\u00f6re bu \u00e2yette kastedilenler Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n ashab\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda, hicretten evvel korku i\u00e7inde ve zay\u0131f idiler. Bundan sonra Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n kendilerine va\u02bbd etti\u011fi yard\u0131m, galibiyet ve izzet gibi \u015feylerin hepsini de g\u00f6r\u00fcp ya\u015fad\u0131lar. \u00c2yetteki \u201conlar\u0131 da yery\u00fcz\u00fcne sahip ve h\u00e2kim k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d <\/b>ifadesi \u201cNebiyy-i Ekrem\u2019den sonraki hilafeti kastetmektedir. Bu \u00e2yetler Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in hilafetine delildir.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n \u0130bn Eb\u00ee H\u00e2tim\u2019in nakline g\u00f6re Abdurrahman b. Abdilhamid (v. ?): \u201cEb\u00fb Bekir ve \u00d6mer\u2019in hilafetlerini Allah\u2019\u0131n Kit\u00e2b\u0131\u2019nda g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum\u201d dedikten sonra bu \u00e2yeti okumu\u015ftur.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n Be\u011fav\u00ee, \u201cBu \u00e2yet S\u0131dd\u00eek\u2019\u0131n hilafetine ve Hulef\u00e2-i R\u00e2\u015fid\u00een\u2019in imametine delalet etmektedir\u201d dedikten sonra \u015fu rivayete yer verir: Sef\u00eene (r.a), talebesi Sa\u00eed b. C\u00fcmh\u00e2n\u2019a, \u201cNebiyy-i Ekrem\u2019in; \u00abBenden sonra hilafet otuz senedir, ondan sonra m\u00fclk (saltanat) gelir\u00bb<\/i>[11]<\/a> buyurdu\u011funu i\u015fittim\u201d dedikten sonra, \u201cSay, Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in hilafeti 2 sene, \u00d6mer\u2019in hilafeti 10, Osman 12 ve Ali 6\u201d demi\u015ftir. Bundan sonra Be\u011fav\u00ee, \u00e2yetin \u201cArt\u0131k bundan sonra kim k\u00fcfrederse\u201d <\/b>k\u0131sm\u0131na ge\u00e7erek bunun k\u00fcf\u00fcr de\u011fil, nank\u00f6rl\u00fck oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler ve \u015funlar\u0131 ilave eder: Bunlar fas\u0131klar, yani Allah\u2019a isyan eden kimselerdir. Ehl-i tefsirin beyan\u0131na g\u00f6re bu nimete ilk nank\u00f6rl\u00fck edenler ve hakk\u0131n\u0131 ink\u00e2r edenler Hz. Osman\u2019\u0131 \u015fehit edenlerdir. Onu \u015fehit ettiklerinde Allah (c.c) i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 hali de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f, \u00fczerlerine korku salm\u0131\u015f, karde\u015f olduktan sonra birbirleriyle sava\u015f\u0131r hale gelmi\u015flerdir.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) ve ashab\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lardan bahsettikten sonra nihayetinde emniyete erdiklerini, silah\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, \u00d6mer ve Osman zamanlar\u0131nda bu \u015fekilde emin bir \u015fekilde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, fitne devirleri gelinceye kadar bu hal \u00fczere olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Pe\u015finden, baz\u0131 selef \u00e2limlerinin \u201cHz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ile \u00d6mer\u2019in hilafetleri hakt\u0131r\u201d dedikten sonra bu \u00e2yet-i kerimeyi okuduklar\u0131n\u0131 nakleder.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n Dihlev\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re de bu \u00e2yet-i kerimedeki va\u02bbd, \u00e2yetin n\u00e2zil oldu\u011fu anda mevcut olan ashab-\u0131 kirama aittir. Zira \u201cmink\u00fcm\u201d<\/b> ifadesinden bu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. O halde bu \u00e2yet-i kerime Hulef\u00e2-i R\u00e2\u015fid\u00een devrine i\u015faret ediyor. Din onlar\u0131n zaman\u0131nda yay\u0131l\u0131p yerle\u015fecek, kuvvet ve ihti\u015fam kazanacakt\u0131r.[14]<\/a><\/p>\n – Dihlev\u00ee, el-Hac 22\/41 \u00e2yetini de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Hulef\u00e2-i R\u00e2\u015fid\u00een\u2019in hilafetine delil olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.[15]<\/a><\/p>\n – Yine Dihlev\u00ee, ez-Zuhr\u00fbf 43\/41-42\u2019de bahsedilen va\u02bbdlerin Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ve \u00d6mer zaman\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekerek bu \u00e2yetlerin de onlar\u0131n halifeli\u011fine delalet etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.[16]<\/a> <\/i><\/p>\n – Genel olarak hilafete, bilhassa da halifenin Kurey\u015f\u2019ten olaca\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret eden \u00e2yetler de vard\u0131r. Kar\u00e2f\u00ee\u2019nin nakline g\u00f6re \u00e2limler, \u201cMuhakkak ki o, hem senin i\u00e7in, hem kavmin i\u00e7in bir \u015fereftir ve ileride ondan mesul olacaks\u0131n\u0131z\u201d<\/b>[17]<\/a> \u00e2yetinin hilafeti kastetti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedirler. Zira Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) ilk zamanlar kabileleri dola\u015f\u0131p kendisine yard\u0131m etmelerini istiyordu. Onlar da \u201cSenden sonra idare bizim olursa kabul ederiz\u201d diyorlard\u0131. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) ise \u201cBen bundan men edildim, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bana \u015fu \u00e2yet indirildi\u201d<\/i> buyurarak bu \u00e2yeti okuyordu. Bu sebeple ensara idarecilikten herhangi bir pay verilmedi.[18]<\/a> Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir de Kurey\u015f kabilesindendir.<\/p>\n – Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in hilafetine i\u015faret etti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenen en kuvvetli \u00e2yetlerden biri de \u015fudur: \u201cBedevilerden<\/b> (seferden) geri kalm\u0131\u015f olanlara de ki: Siz yak\u0131nda \u00e7ok kuvvetli bir kavme kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fmaya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Onlarla, teslim oluncaya kadar sava\u015facaks\u0131n\u0131z. E\u011fer emre itaat ederseniz, Allah size g\u00fczel bir m\u00fck\u00e2fat verir. Ama \u00f6nceden d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz gibi yine d\u00f6necek olursan\u0131z sizi ac\u0131kl\u0131 bir azaba u\u011frat\u0131r.\u201d<\/b>[19]<\/a><\/p>\n Bu \u00e2yet-i kerime, m\u00fcfessirlerin ekseriyeti taraf\u0131ndan Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in bedevileri m\u00fcrtedlerle sava\u015fa davet etmesiyle tefsir edilmi\u015ftir. Sahabi R\u00e2f\u00ee b. Had\u00eec (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cBu \u00e2yet-i kerimeyi okuyor, ancak bahsedilenlerin kim oldu\u011funu bilmiyorduk. Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir S\u0131dd\u00eek, bedevi kabileleri, irtidat eden Ben\u00ee Han\u00eefe kabilesiyle sava\u015fa davet edince, bahsedilenlerin onlar oldu\u011funu anlad\u0131k.\u201d[20]<\/a><\/p>\n Bu \u00e2yet, Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in Medine\u2019nin civar\u0131ndaki bedevileri yani C\u00fcheyne ve M\u00fczeyne kabilelerini Farslarla sava\u015fmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmas\u0131yla da tefsir edilmi\u015ftir. Bu kabileleri Nebiyy-i Ekrem (s.a.v) Mekke fethine \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ancak kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131.[21]<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n Muk\u00e2til b. S\u00fcleyman (v. 150\/767), \u201cHz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in hilafeti bu \u00e2yette tekit edilmi\u015ftir\u201d der.[22]<\/a> \u0130bn Kuteybe bu \u00e2yette bahsedilen \u015fiddetli kavmin Ben\u00ee Han\u00eefe oldu\u011funu, cihada \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran\u0131n da Eb\u00fb Bekir S\u0131dd\u00eek oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Bu \u00e2yeti, Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in bedevileri Farslarla sava\u015fa \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmas\u0131 \u015feklinde anlayanlar\u0131n da oldu\u011funu ifade ettikten sonra, buna g\u00f6re \u00e2yet-i kerimenin \u015eeyhayn\u2019\u0131n[23]<\/a> hilafetine delalet etti\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne gerek\u00e7e olarak da Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n onlara itaate cenneti va\u02bbd etmesini ve muhalefette bulunanlar\u0131 elim bir azapla tehdit etmesini g\u00f6sterir.[24]<\/a> Bir i\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ona cennetin va\u02bbd edilmesi, yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise cehennem tehdidinin olmas\u0131, o i\u015fin \u00f6nemini g\u00f6steren k\u0131staslar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelir. Bu \u00e2yette bahsedilen \u00f6nemli i\u015f, bir devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n bedevileri kuvvetli bir kavimle cihada \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bunu yapanlar\u0131n da Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ve \u00d6mer oldu\u011fu tarihen sabittir. O halde bu \u00e2yetten, Allah\u2019\u0131n ilk iki halifenin hilafetinde raz\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hasan el-E\u015f\u02bbar\u00ee (v. 324\/935-36) \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201c\u0130mam Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Abbas b. S\u00fcreyc\u2019in (v. 306) \u015f\u00f6yle dedi\u011fini i\u015fittim: S\u0131dd\u00eek\u2019\u0131n hilafetine Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019da bu \u00e2yetle i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ehl-i ilim icma etmi\u015ftir ki bu \u00e2yetin n\u00fczul\u00fcnden sonra bedevilerin \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sava\u015f olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan sonra onlar\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131 ilk defa Eb\u00fb Bekir (r.a) ridde ehliyle ve zek\u00e2t vermeyenlerle sava\u015fmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in hilafetinin v\u00fcc\u00fbbuna ve ona itaatin farz olu\u015funa delalet eder. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Allah (c.c) bundan y\u00fcz \u00e7evirenlere elim bir azap oldu\u011funu haber vermi\u015ftir.\u201d[25]<\/a><\/p>\n Zemah\u015fer\u00ee de bu \u00e2yetin Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in hilafetine delil oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bedevi araplar Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n zaman\u0131nda harbe \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmad\u0131lar. Ancak onun vefat\u0131ndan sonra \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ld\u0131lar. Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hakk\u2019\u0131n, \u201cE\u011fer Allah seni onlardan bir gurubun yan\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr de (Teb\u00fck seferinden Medine\u2019ye d\u00f6ner de ba\u015fka bir sava\u015fa seninle beraber) \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in senden izin isterlerse, de ki: Benimle beraber asla \u00e7\u0131kmayacaks\u0131n\u0131z ve d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 benimle beraber asla sava\u015fmayacaks\u0131n\u0131z!\u201d<\/b>[26]<\/a> s\u00f6z\u00fc varken Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) onlar\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rabilirdi ki![27]<\/a><\/p>\n – Daha farkl\u0131 bir usulle Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in halifeli\u011fine i\u015faret \u00e7\u0131karan \u00e2limler de olmu\u015ftur. Mesela Eb\u00fb Bekir b. Ayy\u00e2\u015f \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201cKur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019a g\u00f6re Eb\u00fb Bekir S\u0131dd\u00eek, Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n halifesidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00ab(Allah\u2019\u0131n verdi\u011fi bu ganimet mallar\u0131,) yurtlar\u0131ndan ve mallar\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan, Allah\u2019tan bir l\u00fctuf ve r\u0131za dileyen, Allah\u2019\u0131n dinine ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne yard\u0131m eden fakir muhacirlerindir. \u0130\u015fte sad\u0131k olanlar bunlard\u0131r\u00bb<\/b>[28]<\/a> buyurmu\u015ftur. Allah kimi \u00absad\u0131k\u00bb diye isimlendirdiyse o yalan s\u00f6ylemez. Bu \u00e2yette bahsedilen sahabiler Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e; \u00abEy Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n halifesi!\u00bb diye hitap ediyorlard\u0131.\u201d[29]<\/a> O halde Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in halifeli\u011fi sahihtir. S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, \u0130bn Kes\u00eer\u2019in bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc be\u011fendi\u011fini ve \u201cBu g\u00fczel bir istinbatt\u0131r\u201d dedi\u011fini nakleder.[30]<\/a><\/p>\n – Baz\u0131 rivayetlere g\u00f6re Hz. \u00c2i\u015fe, et-Tahr\u00eem 66\/3 \u00e2yetinde bahsedilen s\u0131rr\u0131n, \u201cEb\u00fb Bekir benden sonra halifem olacak\u201d <\/i>\u015feklinde oldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015ftir. Yine \u0130bn Abbas\u2019tan bu s\u0131rda Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ve \u00d6mer\u2019in ba\u015fa geleceklerinin m\u00fcjdelendi\u011fi nakledilmi\u015ftir.[31]<\/a> Acak \u0130bn Ad\u00ee birinci rivayetin r\u00e2v\u00eelerinden H\u00e2lid el-Mahz\u00fbm\u00ee\u2019nin hadis uyduran bir \u015fah\u0131s oldu\u011funu, ikincisinin de zay\u0131f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler.[32]<\/a> Yani bu rivayetlere itimat etmek do\u011fru de\u011fildir. M\u00fcfessirlerden Dahh\u00e2k, Muk\u00e2til ve Ferr\u00e2 da, Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn, Hafsa bint \u00d6mer\u2019e, kendisinden sonraki halifenin Eb\u00fb Bekir, ondan sonrakinin de \u00d6mer oldu\u011fu s\u0131rr\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fini rivayet ederler.[33]<\/a> Be\u011fav\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re burada verilen s\u0131r iki tanedir, biri c\u00e2riyeyi kendisine haram k\u0131lmas\u0131, di\u011feri de kendisinden sonra hilafetin Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e, ondan sonra da \u00d6mer\u2019e nasip olaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.[34]<\/a><\/p>\n Buraya kadar zikretti\u011fimiz \u00e2yet-i kerimelerden ilkinin halife se\u00e7imi esnas\u0131nda g\u00fcndeme gelip gelmedi\u011fine dair herhangi bir bilgimiz yoktur. Son \u00e2yetle ilgili rivayetler ise zay\u0131ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer \u00e2yetlerin Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019e i\u015faret etti\u011fi ise ancak \u00e2yetlerde bahsedilen olaylar\u0131n ya\u015fanmas\u0131ndan sonra anla\u015f\u0131labilecek durumdad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in bu \u00e2yet-i kerimeler do\u011frultusunda halife se\u00e7ildi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek zordur. Bu \u00e2yetler ancak sahabenin Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019i halife se\u00e7erek isabetli bir karar verdi\u011fine ve onun hilafetinin s\u0131hhatine i\u015faret edebilir.<\/i><\/p>\n [1]<\/a> en-Nis\u00e2 4\/59.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [2]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VIII, 501-502; Be\u011fav\u00ee, II, 241; \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Cevz\u00ee, Z\u00e2d\u00fc\u2019l-mes\u00eer,<\/i> I, 424.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [3]<\/a> el-M\u00e2ide 5\/54.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [4]<\/a> \u0130bn As\u00e2kir, XXX, 310; S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019l-hulef\u00e2, <\/i>s. 148; Kett\u00e2n\u00ee, I, 79.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [5]<\/a> \u0130bn As\u00e2kir, XXX, 319; S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019l-hulef\u00e2, <\/i>s. 148.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [6]<\/a> en-N\u00fbr 24\/55.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [7]<\/a> Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, S\u00fcnnet, 8\/4646; Ahmed, V, 50, 220, 221; H\u00e2kim, III, 75\/4438.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [8]<\/a> Tefs\u00eeru Dahh\u00e2k,<\/i> cem\u02bb, dir\u00e2se ve thk. Muhammed \u015e\u00fckr\u00ee Ahmed ez-Z\u00e2viyet\u00ee, K\u00e2hire, D\u00e2ru\u2019s-Sel\u00e2m, 1419\/1999, II, 618.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [9]<\/a> \u0130bn As\u00e2kir, XXX, 295-296.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [10]<\/a> \u0130bn Eb\u00ee H\u00e2tim, Eb\u00fb Muhammed Abdurrahman b. \u0130dris b. M\u00fcnzir et-Tem\u00eem\u00ee el-Hanzal\u00ee er-R\u00e2z\u00ee (v. 327\/938), Tefs\u00eeru\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2ni\u2019l-Az\u00eem<\/i> (I-XIII), thk. Es\u2019ad Muhammed et-T\u00eeb, Memleket\u00fc\u2019l-Arabiyyeti\u2019s-Su\u00fbdiyye: Mektebet\u00fc Niz\u00e2r Mustafa el-B\u00e2z, 1419, VIII, 2628.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [11]<\/a> Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, S\u00fcnnet, 8\/4646; Ahmed, V, 50, 220, 221; H\u00e2kim, III, 75\/4438.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [12]<\/a> Be\u011fav\u00ee, VI, 59.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [13]<\/a> \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> VI, 79. Bkz. S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019l-hulef\u00e2, <\/i>s. 149; Kett\u00e2n\u00ee, I, 80.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [14]<\/a> Dihlev\u00ee, \u0130z\u00e2let\u00fc\u2019l-haf\u00e2,<\/i> I, 139-143.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [15]<\/a> Dihlev\u00ee, \u0130z\u00e2let\u00fc\u2019l-haf\u00e2,<\/i> II, 179.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [16]<\/a> Dihlev\u00ee, \u0130z\u00e2let\u00fc\u2019l-haf\u00e2,<\/i> II, 254-255. Dihlev\u00ee, bunlar\u0131n haricinde di\u011fer halifelere de i\u015faret eden daha pek\u00e7ok \u00e2yet zikreder. Bkz. \u0130z\u00e2let\u00fc\u2019l-haf\u00e2,<\/i> II, 7-352.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [17]<\/a> ez-Zuhr\u00fbf 43\/44.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [18]<\/a> Kar\u00e2f\u00ee, Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Abb\u00e2s \u015eih\u00e2b\u00fcddin Ahmed b. \u0130dris b. Abdirrahman el-M\u00e2lik\u00ee (v. 684\/1285), el-Fur\u00fbk (Env\u00e2ru\u2019l-bur\u00fbk f\u00ee env\u00e2i\u2019l-fur\u00fbk)<\/i> (I-IV), \u00c2lem\u00fc\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcb, yy., ts., II, 161.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [19]<\/a> el-Feth 48\/16.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [20]<\/a> V\u00e2hid\u00ee, Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hasen Ali b. Ahmed b. Muhammed b. Ali en-Neysab\u00fbr\u00ee e\u015f-\u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee (v. 468\/1076), el-Vas\u00eet f\u00ee tefsiri\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2ni\u2019l-Mec\u00eed <\/i>(I-IV), thk. \u00c2dil Ahmed Abd\u00fclmevc\u00fbd ve di\u011ferleri, Beyrut: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-\u0130lmiyye, 1415, IV, 138; Be\u011fav\u00ee, VII, 303.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [21]<\/a> V\u00e2hid\u00ee, Vas\u00eet<\/i>, IV, 138; S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, ed-D\u00fcrr\u00fc\u2019l-mens\u00fbr,<\/i> VII, 520.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [22]<\/a> Muk\u00e2til b. S\u00fcleyman b. Be\u015f\u00eer el-Ezd\u00ee el-Belh\u00ee, Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hasen (v. 150\/767), Tefs\u00eeru Muk\u00e2til b. S\u00fcleym\u00e2n,<\/i> thk. Abdullah Mahm\u00fbd \u015eahh\u00e2te, Beyrut: D\u00e2ru \u0130hy\u00e2i\u2019t-T\u00fcr\u00e2s, 1423, IV, 73.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [23]<\/a> \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee edebiyatta Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ile \u00d6mer\u2019e birlikte \u201c\u015eeyhayn\u201d denilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [24]<\/a> V\u00e2hid\u00ee, Vas\u00eet<\/i>, IV, 138; \u0130bn As\u00e2kir, XXX, 295; S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019l-hulef\u00e2, <\/i>s. 148.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [25]<\/a> S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019l-hulef\u00e2, <\/i>s. 148; \u0130bn Hacer el-Heytem\u00ee, Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Abb\u00e2s \u015eih\u00e2b\u00fcdd\u00een Ahmed b. Muhammed b. Muhammed el-Heytem\u00ee es-Sa\u2019d\u00ee (v. 974\/1567), es-Sav\u00e2iku\u2019l-muhrika ala ehli\u2019r-rafd\u0131 ve\u2019d-dal\u00e2li ve\u2019z-zendeka<\/i> (I-II), thk. Abdurrahman b. Abdillah et-T\u00fcrk\u00ee – K\u00e2mil Muhammed el-Harr\u00e2t, L\u00fcbnan: M\u00fcesseset\u00fc\u2019r-Ris\u00e2le, 1417, I, 50.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [26]<\/a> et-Tevbe 9\/83.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [27]<\/a> Zemah\u015fer\u00ee, Eb\u00fc\u2019l-K\u00e2s\u0131m Mahm\u00fbd b. Amr b. Ahmed, C\u00e2rullah (v. 538\/1144), el-Ke\u015f\u015f\u00e2f an hak\u00e2iki\u2019t-tenz\u00eel ve \u2018uy\u00fbni\u2019l-ek\u00e2v\u00eel<\/i> (I-VI), Beyrut: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-Arab\u00ee, 1407, IV, 338. Eb\u00fb Hayy\u00e2n, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc sebebiyle Zemah\u015fer\u00ee\u2019yi tenkit etmi\u015ftir ancak s\u00f6zleri pek isabetli g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor (Eb\u00fb Hayy\u00e2n, Muhammed b. Y\u00fbsuf b. Ali b. Y\u00fbsuf b. Hayy\u00e2n Es\u00eerudd\u00een el-Endel\u00fcs\u00ee (v. 745\/1344), el-Bahru\u2019l-muh\u00eet fi\u2019t-tefs\u00eer <\/i>(I-X), thk. S\u0131dk\u00ee Muhammed Cem\u00eel, Beyrut: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Fikr, 1420, IX, 490).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [28]<\/a> el-Ha\u015fr 59\/8.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [29]<\/a> Zeheb\u00ee, \u015eems\u00fcdd\u00een Eb\u00fb Abdill\u00e2h Muhammed b. Ahmed b. Osman b. Kaym\u00e2z (v. 748\/1348), Siyeru a\u02bbl\u00e2mi\u2019n-n\u00fcbel\u00e2<\/i> (I-XXV), thk. \u015euayb Arna\u00fbt, M\u00fcesseset\u00fc Ris\u00e2le, 1405\/1985, VIII, 500-501.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [30]<\/a> S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019l-hulef\u00e2, <\/i>s. 149.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
<\/p>\n
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