{"id":14854,"date":"2016-12-01T14:00:09","date_gmt":"2016-12-01T12:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=14854"},"modified":"2016-12-01T14:03:59","modified_gmt":"2016-12-01T12:03:59","slug":"b-hilafeti-1-islamda-halifelik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=14854","title":{"rendered":"1. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da Halifelik"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in hilafeti m\u00fcnasebetiyle burada k\u0131saca \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n hilafet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na temas etmek istiyoruz. L\u00fcgatte \u201cbirinin yerine ge\u00e7mek, bir kimseden sonra gelip onun yerini almak, birinin ard\u0131ndan gelmek\/gitmek, yerini doldurmak, vek\u00e2let veya temsil etmek\u201d gibi m\u00e2nalara gelen hilafet kelimesi, \u0131st\u0131lahta \u0130sl\u00e2m devletlerinde Ras\u00fblullah\u2019tan sonraki devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurumunu ifade eder. Halife de (\u00e7o\u011fulu hulef\u00e2, hal\u00e2if) \u201cbir kimsenin yerine ge\u00e7en, onu temsil eden kimse\u201d demektir ve devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

Devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir ismi de im\u00e2mettir. L\u00fcgatte im\u00e2m \u201ckendisine uyulan kimse\u201d demektir. Toplumun ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunan ve fertlerini y\u00f6nlendiren ki\u015filer imam diye isimlendirilmi\u015ftir. \u0130mam\u0131n sevk ve idare etti\u011fi topluma ise \u00fcmmet denilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca cemaate namaz k\u0131ld\u0131ran kimseye, \u00f6nder ve y\u00f6netici niteli\u011fi sebebiyle imam, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vazifeye im\u00e2met denmi\u015fse de kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlemek maksad\u0131yla devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck imaml\u0131k\u201d (el-\u0130m\u00e2met\u00fc\u2019l-Uzm\u00e2, el-\u0130m\u00e2met\u00fc\u2019l-K\u00fcbr\u00e2) ifadesi tercih edilmi\u015ftir.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130lm\u00ee literat\u00fcrde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar i\u00e7in devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n mutlaka gerekli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zkonusu edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2limleri Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn vefat\u0131yla peygamberli\u011fin sona erdi\u011fi, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k toplumun idaresiyle ilgili di\u011fer i\u015fleri bir ki\u015finin \u00fcstlenip bunlar\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na veya baz\u0131 vazifeleri yetkili \u015fah\u0131s ve mercilere devrederek y\u00fcr\u00fctmesi, b\u00f6ylece m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n nizam i\u00e7inde ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 temin etmesi gerekti\u011fi \u00fczerinde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f birli\u011fine varm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ancak bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u00e2limler, devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n d\u00fcnyev\u00ee ve i\u00e7tima\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini uygulama vazifesini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak bu i\u015fe din\u00ee bir karakter atfederken bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da insanlar\u0131n siyasi birlik ve d\u00fczen i\u00e7inde ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 ve bu maksatla devlet kurmas\u0131n\u0131 akli ve tabii bir ihtiya\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00d6mer Nesef\u00ee (v. 537\/1142) ak\u00e2id metninde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar i\u00e7in bir imama (siyasi lidere) mutlak surette ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledikten sonra bu zaruretin sebebini \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klar: \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman halkla ilgili din\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin infaz\u0131, cezalar\u0131n tatbiki, d\u00fc\u015fmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 vatan hudutlar\u0131n\u0131n muhafazas\u0131, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan ordu te\u015fkil edilmesi, zek\u00e2tlar\u0131n toplanmas\u0131, zorbalar\u0131n, soyguncular\u0131n ve e\u015fkiyalar\u0131n zapt u rapt alt\u0131na al\u0131narak kahredilmesi, Cuma ve bayram namazlar\u0131n\u0131n ifas\u0131, insanlar aras\u0131nda meydana gelen ihtilaflar\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, hukuk \u00fczerine kaim olan \u015fahitliklerin kabul\u00fc, velileri bulunmayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015ftaki o\u011flan ve k\u0131zlar\u0131n evlendirilmesi ve ganimet mallar\u0131n\u0131n taksim edilmesi gibi m\u00fchim hususlar devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 sayesinde icra edilir.\u201d[4]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130bn Kesir; Kurtub\u00ee ve benzeri \u00e2limlerin, \u201cHat\u0131rla ki Rabbin meleklere: Ben yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde bir halife yarataca\u011f\u0131m, dedi\u201d<\/b>[5]<\/a> \u00e2yet-i kerimesinden M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na bir halife tayin etmelerinin v\u00fccubunu istidl\u00e2l ettiklerini nakleder. Bu halife, insanlar\u0131n ihtilaflar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zecek, \u00e7eki\u015fmelerini sona erdirecek, zalimden mazlumun hakk\u0131n\u0131 alacak, had cezalar\u0131n\u0131 tatbik edecek, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin yay\u0131lmas\u0131na m\u00e2ni olacak ve buna benzer bir devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 olmadan yerine getirilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan m\u00fchim i\u015fleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecektir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 vaciptir (farzd\u0131r), vacip olan bir \u015feyin yerine getirilebilmesi i\u00e7in zaruri olan \u015fey (hilafet) de vaciptir.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u015eah Veliyyullah ed-Dihlev\u00ee, \u201cM\u00fbs\u00e2\u2019dan sonra, Ben\u00ee \u0130srail\u2019den ileri gelen kimseleri g\u00f6rmedin mi? Kendilerine gelen peygamberlerden birine: \u00abBize bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar tayin et de <\/b>(onun kumandas\u0131nda) Allah yolunda sava\u015fal\u0131m\u00bb demi\u015flerdi\u2026\u201d<\/b>[7]<\/a> <\/b>\u00e2yetini dikkate alarak, gerek h\u00fccum gerekse m\u00fcdafaa \u015feklinde olsun k\u00e2firlerle sava\u015fman\u0131n, herhangi bir halife tayin etmeden m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.[8]<\/a> Onun bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc \u015fu hadis de desteklemektedir: \u201cDevlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 ancak bir kalkand\u0131r. Onun arkas\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 harp edilir ve onunla (d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n ve fesat ehlinin \u015ferrinden) korunulur. E\u011fer o, halk\u0131na, Allah\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 takva sahibi olmay\u0131 emreder ve adalet g\u00f6sterirse bununla kendisine ecir verilir; bundan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey (\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a z\u0131t \u015feyler) emrederse bununla da g\u00fcnah ve vebal y\u00fcklenmi\u015f olur.\u201d<\/i>[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

Dihlev\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re, Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn hayat\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fczelce ara\u015ft\u0131ran ki\u015fi g\u00f6r\u00fcr ki o her gazveye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Medine-i M\u00fcnevvere\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131na mutlaka bir sahabiyi emir tayin etmi\u015f, yerine vekil b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f, hi\u00e7bir zaman m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n i\u015flerini ihmal etmemi\u015f, onlar\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015f b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onun \u00e2deti bu oldu\u011fu halde vefat\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131nca m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n i\u015flerini ihmal etti\u011fi nas\u0131l tasavvur edilebilir? Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u00fcmmetine olan \u015fefkat ve merhameti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, onlar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k vaziyette, bir anar\u015fi ortam\u0131na b\u0131rakmayaca\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.[10]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Bu sebeple Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v), hayattayken halifelerini \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f ve ashab\u0131na onlara itaat etmelerini emretmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Elmal\u0131l\u0131 Muhammed Hamdi Yaz\u0131r (v. 1942), halifeli\u011fin gereklili\u011fi hususunda \u015fu m\u00fctalaada bulunur: \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n Allah ile aras\u0131ndaki vas\u0131tas\u0131 hocalar\u0131 de\u011fil, h\u00fck\u00fcmetidir\u2026 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman hem menfaat-i d\u00fcnyeviye ve hem menfaat-i uhreviyesinin devlet ve h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile kaim bulundu\u011funu, devletini zayi ederse azab-\u0131 uhrev\u00eeye kesb-i istihkak etmi\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildi\u011finden devleti u\u011frunda feda-y\u0131 can etmeyi en b\u00fcy\u00fck fazilet ve sevap addeder. Yapamazsa devletinin vaziyet-i diniyesi derecesinde vicdanen muazzep olur. H\u00fck\u00fbmetinden ayr\u0131lan \u0130sl\u00e2m, bir h\u00fck\u00fbmet daha yapmaya, yapamazsa aramaya gider.\u201d[11]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da bilhassa d\u00f6rt halife d\u00f6nemine \u00e7ok ihtimam g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. \u015e\u00e2h Veliyyullah ed-Dihlev\u00ee, hilafetin ve R\u00e2\u015fid Halifeler\u2019in hilafetinin ispat\u0131n\u0131, dinin en m\u00fchim esaslar\u0131ndan biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve bu esasa d\u00f6rt elle sar\u0131lmayan kimselerin, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n hemen her mevzudaki meseleleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcphe duyacaklar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Zira bu esas, dinin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ve daha sonraki nesillere ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 garanti eden bir kurum vasf\u0131 arz etmektedir. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n varl\u0131k ve bekas\u0131 Hulef\u00e2-i R\u00e2\u015fid\u00een\u2019in elinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir taraf\u0131na bunlar s\u00e2yesinde yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sebeple onlar hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcphe uyand\u0131rmak, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n korunmas\u0131, hadislerin nakledilmesi gibi konular da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere, dinin \u00f6z\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik \u015f\u00fcphe tohumlar\u0131 atmakla ayn\u0131 m\u00e2naya gelir.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

a) Y\u00f6netim Usul\u00fc<\/h4>\n

Y\u00f6netim usul\u00fc hakk\u0131nda Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019da ve hadislerde hakka ve adalete ba\u011fl\u0131 olma, me\u015fveretle i\u015f g\u00f6rme, zulm\u00fc \u00f6nleme, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n emir ve kurallar\u0131na uygun davranma ve onlar\u0131 uygulamada birlik ve b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckten ayr\u0131lmama gibi kamu y\u00f6netimini de ilgilendiren umumi esaslardan bahsedilir, ancak devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131 gereken \u015fartlar, bu ki\u015finin vazife ve mesuliyetleri gibi konularda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler yer almaz. Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019in tatbikat\u0131nda devlet ve kamu y\u00f6netimiyle ilgili bir\u00e7ok \u00f6rnek vard\u0131r. Onun vefat\u0131ndan sonra ilk d\u00f6rt halifenin i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na geli\u015f usulleri ve y\u00f6netim tarzlar\u0131, bunu takip eden Emev\u00ee ve Abbas\u00ee iktidarlar\u0131 m\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e2limler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir bilgi birikimi ve g\u00f6zlem konusu olmu\u015f, hilafetle ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler de bu ba\u011flamda dile getirilmi\u015ftir.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130sl\u00e2m, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n nas\u0131l bir siyas\u00ee organizasyon i\u00e7inde kimler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilece\u011fi konusundan ziyade ehil olan\u0131n i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na gelmesi, onun da hak ve adaleti h\u00e2kim k\u0131lmas\u0131, ferd\u00ee ve uhrev\u00ee sorumluluk ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131, Allah\u2019\u0131n huzurunda hesap verece\u011finin \u015fuurunda olmas\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck, haks\u0131zl\u0131k ve zulm\u00fc \u00f6nlemesi, kat\u0131 ve bask\u0131c\u0131 olmay\u0131p insanlarla isti\u015fare ederek i\u015f g\u00f6rmesi gibi temel esaslar \u00fczerinde durmu\u015ftur.[14]<\/a><\/p>\n

b) Halifede Aranan \u015eartlar<\/h4>\n

Klasik d\u00f6nem \u0130sl\u00e2m amme hukuk doktrininde halifede bulunmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen \u015fartlar, bilhassa halifenin o toplumda en bilgili, faziletli, itibarl\u0131 ve liyakatli kimse olmas\u0131 gere\u011fi ve bunu sa\u011flayacak tedbirler \u00fczerinde ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde durulur.[15]<\/a> M\u00e2verd\u00ee, imamet i\u00e7in 7 \u015fart sayar: 1) B\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6nleriyle adalet, 2) Yeni \u00e7\u0131kan meselelerde ictih\u00e2d yapabilecek kadar ilim, 3) Kulak, g\u00f6z ve dil gibi duyu organlar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flam olmas\u0131, 4) Di\u011fer uzuvlar\u0131n sa\u011flam olmas\u0131, 5) Halk\u0131 idare edecek ve i\u015flerini g\u00f6recek sa\u011flam bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe sahip olmak, 6) Vatan\u0131 koruyacak ve d\u00fc\u015fmanla cihad edebilecek bir ceseret ve kahramanl\u0131\u011fa sahip olmak, 7) Nesep yani halifenin Kurey\u015f\u2019ten olmas\u0131.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n

Dihlev\u00ee, halifede bulunmas\u0131 gerekli \u015fartlar\u0131 zikrederken bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ecek kimsenin ancak m\u00fcsl\u00fcman biri olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yler ve bu konuda, \u201cAllah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 k\u00e2firler i\u00e7in m\u00fc\u2019minler aleyhine asla bir yol vermeyecektir\u201d<\/b>[17]<\/a> \u00e2yetini delil getirir.[18]<\/a> M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n idar\u00ee ve kritik i\u015flerinin k\u00e2firlere b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 asla caiz g\u00f6rmez. Daha sonra da halifenin \u00e2kil b\u00e2li\u011f, erkek, h\u00fcr, konu\u015fan, i\u015fiten, g\u00f6ren, \u015fecaat ehli, \u00e2dil ve m\u00fc\u00e7tehit olmas\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131ralar.[19]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu alanda en \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan konulardan biri halifenin Kurey\u015f\u00eeli\u011fi meselesi olmu\u015ftur. \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2limleri umumiyetle halifenin Kurey\u015f\u2019ten olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc kabul etmi\u015flerdir.[20]<\/a> Gerek\u00e7e olarak da \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir: \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Kurey\u015f, Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn kabilesidir. Bu sebeple, Allah (c.c) kat\u0131nda de\u011ferli ve ikramlara mazhar olmu\u015f bir kabiledir.[21]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019deki Kurey\u015f s\u00fbresi buna delildir. Ras\u00fblullah da Kurey\u015f\u2019in faziletine dair \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur: \u201cKurey\u015f, ensar, C\u00fcheyne, M\u00fczeyne, Eslem, E\u015fca\u02bb ve \u011e\u0131f\u00e2r kabileleri benim h\u00e2lis dostlar\u0131m ve yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131md\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n Allah\u2019tan ve Ras\u00fblullah\u2019tan ba\u015fka velileri (dostlar\u0131, himaye edenleri) yoktur.\u201d<\/i>[22]<\/a> \u201cAllah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 \u0130brahimo\u011fullar\u0131\u2019ndan \u0130smail\u2019i se\u00e7ti. \u0130smailo\u011fullar\u0131\u2019ndan Kin\u00e2neo\u011fulla\u00adr\u0131\u2019n\u0131 se\u00e7ti. Kin\u00e2neo\u011fullar\u0131\u2019ndan Kurey\u015f\u2019i se\u00e7ti. Kurey\u015f\u2019ten H\u00e2\u015fimo\u011fullar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 se\u00e7ti. H\u00e2\u015fimo\u011fullar\u0131\u2019ndan Abd\u00fclmuttalibo\u011fullar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 se\u00e7ti. Abd\u00fclmuttalibo\u011fullar\u0131\u2019ndan da beni se\u00e7ti.\u201d<\/i>[23]<\/a><\/p>\n

Halifenin Kurey\u015f\u2019ten olmas\u0131n\u0131n sebep ve \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden hadisler de vard\u0131r: \u201c\u015e\u00fcphesiz bu i\u015f (hilafet), dini ayakta tuttuklar\u0131 (ve \u00e2dil davrand\u0131klar\u0131) m\u00fcddet\u00e7e Kurey\u015f\u2019te olacakt\u0131r. Kim bu hususta onlara d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k ederse, Allah onu y\u00fcz\u00fcst\u00fc yere serip rezil eder.\u201d<\/i>[24]<\/a> <\/i>\u201cKurey\u015fli biri, Kurey\u015f\u2019ten olmayan bir adam\u0131n kuvvetinin iki misline sahiptir.\u201d <\/i>Z\u00fchr\u00ee\u2019ye (v. 124\/742), bu son hadisle ne kastedildi\u011fi sorulunca: \u201cZek\u00e2, asalet ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f isabeti\u201d diye cevap vermi\u015ftir.[25]<\/a> Yani onlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri daha az hata eder, bu sebeple de \u0130m\u00e2met-i K\u00fcbr\u00e2 onlara tahsis edilmi\u015ftir.<\/i><\/p>\n

Bu konuda Dihlev\u00ee \u015f\u00f6yle der: Hilafet i\u00e7in aranan \u015fartlar aras\u0131nda -kuvvetli ve m\u00fcr\u00fcvvet sahibi olman\u0131n yan\u0131nda- bir de Nebiyy-i Ekrem\u2019in neslinden olmak vard\u0131r ki insanlar onu hafife almas\u0131nlar. Nitekim Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2, Ben\u00ee \u0130sr\u00e2il\u2019e peygamber g\u00f6nderirken hep Hz. Musa\u2019n\u0131n veya di\u011fer bir peygamberin neslinden olan ki\u015fileri vazifelendirmi\u015ftir. Bu, Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n de tatbik etti\u011fi bir s\u00fcnnettir. Zira o; \u201c\u0130mamlar Kurey\u015f\u2019tendir\u201d<\/i> buyurmu\u015ftur.[26]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> B\u00f6ylece Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hakk\u2019\u0131n Ben\u00ee \u0130sr\u00e2il\u2019de icra etti\u011fi S\u00fcnnetullah\u2019a muvaf\u0131k d\u00fc\u015fmek istemi\u015ftir.[27]<\/a><\/p>\n

Yine Dihlev\u00ee, hilafette \u201cNeb\u00ee (s.a.v) ile b\u00fcy\u00fck dedede soy birli\u011finin \u015fart oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Zira insanlar, kabilesi Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne nispet edilen halifeyi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsemezler.[28]<\/a><\/p>\n

Hz. Ali (v. 40\/661) ve \u0130bn Abbas (v. 68\/687-88) \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015flerdir: Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) (\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 tebli\u011f etti\u011fi ilk g\u00fcnlerde) Mekke\u2019de kendisini kabilelere arz eder ve onlara zafer va\u02bbd ederdi. Onlar: \u201cSenden sonra idare kime kalacak?\u201d dediklerinde s\u00fck\u00fbt buyurur, cevap vermezdi. Zira bu hususta kendisine bir \u015fey emredilmemi\u015fti. \u201cMuhakkak ki o, hem senin i\u00e7in, hem kavmin i\u00e7in bir \u015fereftir\u2026\u201d<\/b>[29]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> \u00e2yet-i kerimesi n\u00e2zil olduktan sonra b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey sorulunca: \u201cKurey\u015f\u2019e!\u201d<\/i> demeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130nsanlar da onu kabul etmediler. Nihayet ensar, idare Kurey\u015f\u2019e ait olmak \u00fczere Efendimiz\u2019in davetini kabul etti.[30]<\/a><\/p>\n

K\u00e2be sebebiyle Mekke\u2019nin ibadet ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ticaret merkezi olmas\u0131, \u00f6nceden beri b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n Kurey\u015f\u2019e h\u00fcrmet duymas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Bu sebeple ticar\u00ee panay\u0131rlarda Kurey\u015f t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n\u0131n ciddi bir h\u00e2kimiyeti ve tesiri vard\u0131. Di\u011fer Arap t\u00fcccarlar ticaretlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctebilmek i\u00e7in Kurey\u015f leh\u00e7esini \u00f6\u011freniyor ve konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda bu leh\u00e7eyi kullanmaya dikkat ediyorlard\u0131. Bununla birlikte Kurey\u015f \u00f6rf\u00fcn\u00fc de \u00f6\u011frenip tatbik ediyor ve gittikleri yerlere bunu ta\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu da Kurey\u015f\u2019in o g\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fcnyada a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131yordu. Arap yar\u0131madas\u0131ndaki ba\u015f\u0131na buyruk ya\u015famaya al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f bedevi kabileler bir araya toplanmak istendi\u011finde ancak Kurey\u015f\u2019e itaat edebilirlerdi. Bu sebeple halifenin Kurey\u015f\u2019ten olmas\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n birli\u011fi ve devam\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fchim bir esas idi. Nebiyy-i Ekrem de insanlar\u0131n Kurey\u015f\u2019e t\u00e2bi olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ifade ederek: \u201cBu (idarecilik) hususunda insanlar Kurey\u015f\u2019e tabidir, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131na, k\u00e2firleri de k\u00e2firlerine\u201d<\/i>[31]<\/a> buyurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Nitekim Temim kabilesinden M\u00e2lik bin N\u00fcveyre, Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn vefat\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fitince zek\u00e2t olarak toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 develeri sahiplerine i\u00e2de etmi\u015f, kabilesine kendilerinden zek\u00e2t istememesi halinde Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7ecek Kurey\u015fli\u2019nin yan\u0131nda yer alabileceklerini, bu mallar\u0131n kendi haklar\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti.[32]<\/a> Burada M\u00e2lik\u2019in a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u201cKurey\u015fli\u201d \u015fart\u0131n\u0131 ko\u015fmas\u0131, ona itaatinin bile \u015fartl\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemesi, o g\u00fcnk\u00fc Araplar\u0131 ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir kabilenin bir araya getiremeyece\u011fini g\u00f6stermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan c\u00e2lib-i dikkattir.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ancak idarenin Kurey\u015f\u2019te olmas\u0131n\u0131 Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) \u201cdini ayakta tuttuklar\u0131 m\u00fcddet\u00e7e\u201d<\/i>[33]<\/a> \u201ch\u00fckmedebildikleri, \u00e2dil olduklar\u0131, kendilerine g\u00fcvenilerek emanet verildi\u011finde ona ihanet etmeyip hakk\u0131yla eda ettikleri ve kendilerinden merhamet istendi\u011finde merhamet ettikleri m\u00fcddet\u00e7e\u201d<\/i>[34]<\/a> ifadeleriyle kay\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Allah\u2019\u0131n dinini ayakta tutma konusunda kusur g\u00f6sterir, il\u00e2h\u00ee hudutlar\u0131 a\u015fmaya ba\u015flar, adaletle h\u00fckmedemez, emanete ihanet eder ve zay\u0131flara zulmederlerse hilafete haklar\u0131 ortadan kalkar, onlara itaat etmek gerekmez, idare hususunda kendileriyle \u00e7eki\u015fmek caiz olur. Hatta bu \u015fartlar\u0131 yerine getirmeyen Kurey\u015fliler tehdit bile edilmi\u015flerdir.[35]<\/a><\/p>\n

Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir Sak\u00eefe\u2019deki konu\u015fmas\u0131nda: \u201cBu (idare) i\u015fi, Allah\u2019a itaat ettikleri ve O\u2019nun emri \u00fczere m\u00fcstakim olarak devam ettikleri m\u00fcddet\u00e7e Kurey\u015f\u2019tedir. Bu size ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r veya onu Ras\u00fblullah\u2019tan i\u015fitmi\u015fsinizdir. \u00ab\u2026<\/b>B<\/b>irbirinizle \u00e7eki\u015fmeyin; sonra korkuya kap\u0131l\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z da kuvvetiniz gider. Bir de sabredin. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Allah sabredenlerle beraberdir\u00bb<\/b>[36]<\/a>. Biz emiriz, siz vezirsiniz, dinde karde\u015flerimiz ve o hususta ensar\u0131m\u0131z (yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z)s\u0131n\u0131z\u201d demi\u015fti. Ondan sonra konu\u015fan Hz. \u00d6mer de: \u201cAllah ad\u0131na size yemin veriyorum ey ensar toplulu\u011fu! Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131 i\u015fitmediniz mi veya sizden kim onu \u015f\u00f6yle buyururken i\u015fitti: \u00ab\u0130dareciler, Allah\u2019a itaat ettikleri ve O\u2019nun emri \u00fczere m\u00fcstakim olarak devam ettikleri m\u00fcddet\u00e7e Kurey\u015f\u2019tendir\u00bb<\/i>?\u201d diye sordu. Ensardan baz\u0131lar\u0131: \u201cEvet, i\u015fittik, \u015fimdi hat\u0131rlad\u0131k\u201d dediler. Bunun \u00fczerine \u00d6mer (r.a): \u201cBiz de bu i\u015fi ancak bundan dolay\u0131 istiyoruz. Sak\u0131n heva ve heveslerinizin pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fmeyin, haktan ba\u015fka ancak dal\u00e2let vard\u0131r, nas\u0131l da d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyorsunuz?\u201d dedi.[37]<\/a><\/p>\n

Kal\u02bb\u00e2c\u00ee, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in bu s\u00f6z\u00fcnden, hilafetin mutlaka Kurey\u015f\u2019te olmas\u0131 gerekmedi\u011fini \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Bil\u00e2kis Kurey\u015f, Allah\u2019\u0131n emrini insanlar aras\u0131nda ikame etmeye k\u00e2dir oldu\u011fu m\u00fcddet\u00e7e hilafette \u00f6nceli\u011fe sahiptir. Bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmekten \u00e2ciz kal\u0131rsa veya Allah\u2019\u0131n emrini insanlar aras\u0131nda ikame etmeye onlardan daha k\u00e2dir biri \u00e7\u0131karsa hilafet Kurey\u015f\u2019ten ona ge\u00e7er.[38]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130mam M\u00e2t\u00fcr\u00eed\u00ee (v. 333\/944), \u0130sl\u00e2m siyaset teorisinde geni\u015f yank\u0131 bulan ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar da canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 muhafaza eden bu meseleyi etrafl\u0131ca tahlile tabi tutarak hilafetin Kurey\u015f\u00eeli\u011finin din\u00ee bir gereklilik olmay\u0131p \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n ilk d\u00f6nemlerindeki sosyo-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve politik \u015fartlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir mecburiyet oldu\u011funu iddia etmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece meseleye yeni bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 getirmi\u015f, bu meselenin genellikle S\u00fcnn\u00ee \u00e7evrelerce savunuldu\u011fu gibi salt bir din\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcm de\u011fil, zaman ve zemine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015febilecek siyas\u00ee bir mesele oldu\u011funu izaha gayret etmi\u015f, Abb\u00e2s\u00ee hilafetinin merkez\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde, Arap olmayan milletlerin hilafet iddialar\u0131n\u0131n me\u015fruiyetine din\u00ee ve huk\u00fbk\u00ee bir zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[39]<\/a><\/p>\n

Halifenin Kurey\u015f\u2019ten olmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131nda ihtilaf edildi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen \u0130bn Haldun, h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kurulu\u015funu asabiyet kavram\u0131ndan hareketle izaha \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve Kurey\u015f\u2019in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc asabiyeti dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00fcmmetin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamaya ve hukuku i\u015fletmeye yeterlili\u011fi sebebiyle hilafete ehil g\u00f6sterildi\u011fini ifade eder. Ancak ona g\u00f6re art\u0131k hilafet i\u015fi s\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f ve Araplar\u0131n asabiyeti yok olmu\u015f ve bu sebeple o d\u00f6nemden itibaren hilafet her b\u00f6lgede bask\u0131n asabiyete sahip olanlara has h\u00e2le gelmi\u015ftir ve as\u0131l olan hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131 uygulayacak bir devlet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r.[40]<\/a><\/p>\n

Demek ki hilafetin Kurey\u015f\u2019ten olmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131, o zamanki \u015fartlar gere\u011fi insanlar\u0131n ancak onlara itaat etmesi ve h\u00e2kimiyeti ancak onlar\u0131n sa\u011flayabilecek olmas\u0131 sebebiyledir. As\u0131l \u00fczerinde durulan mesele dinin ayakta tutulmas\u0131 ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n adaletle idare edilmesidir. Bunu sa\u011flayan ki\u015finin halife olarak kabul edilebilece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

c) Halifenin Tayini<\/h4>\n

Klasik d\u00f6nemde kaleme al\u0131nan \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee kaynaklarda halifenin \u015f\u00fbra veya ehl\u00fc\u2019l-hal ve\u2019l-akd denilen (\u00fcmmetin bilgili, se\u00e7kin ve toplumda h\u00fcrmet g\u00f6ren temsilcilerinden olu\u015fan) kurulun se\u00e7imiyle veya bir nevi genel se\u00e7im demek olan halk\u0131n bey\u02bbat\u0131yla i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na gelmesinin \u00f6nemi vurgulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130bn Kes\u00eer, devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l tayin edilece\u011fi hususundaki ihtilaflar\u0131 dile getirerek Hulef\u00e2-i R\u00e2\u015fid\u00een \u00fczerinden bunlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6rneklendirir: \u201cEhl-i S\u00fcnnet \u00e2limlerinden bir grubun Eb\u00fb Bekir hakk\u0131nda dedikleri gibi devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ancak nas ile tayin edilir. Veya yine Ehl-i S\u00fcnnet\u2019ten di\u011fer bir grubun dedi\u011fi gibi devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131na yap\u0131lan ima ile se\u00e7ilir. Veya Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in \u00d6mer\u2019i tayini gibi mevcut halifenin kendisinden sonra birini tayin etmesiyle olur. Veya Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi mevcut halife tercihi salih insanlardan olu\u015fan bir \u015f\u00fbr\u00e2 heyetine b\u0131rak\u0131r. Veya Ehl-i hall ve\u2019l-akd\u2019in, birine bey\u02bbat etmek \u00fczere icma etmesi veya i\u00e7lerinden birinin bey\u02bbat etmesiyle olur. Cumhura g\u00f6re buna itibar edilir. \u0130mamu\u2019l-Harameyn bununla ilgili icma oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. En iyisini Allah bilir. Veya bir ki\u015finin insanlar\u0131 zorla itaat alt\u0131na almas\u0131yla olur. Ayr\u0131l\u0131k ve ihtilafa yol a\u00e7mamak i\u00e7in ona itaat edilir. \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee bu \u015fekilde ifade etmi\u015ftir.\u201d[41]<\/a><\/p>\n

Mevcut halifenin kendi yerine ge\u00e7ecek ki\u015fiyi belirlemesinin aday g\u00f6sterme mi yoksa tayin mi oldu\u011fu hususu fakihler aras\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 umumiyetle, her durumda halktan veya Ehl-i hall ve\u2019l-akdden bey\u02bbat al\u0131nmas\u0131 gere\u011fi \u00fczerinde durarak halifenin, yetkisini veraset ve saltanat usul\u00fcnden de\u011fil \u00fcmmetten ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikrini vurgulamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.[42]<\/a><\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131ndan bu fikri savunan Ekrem Ziy\u00e2 \u00d6mer\u00ee \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201c\u0130nsanlar\u0131n halifeye bey\u02bbat etmesi g\u00f6steriyor ki, sultan\u0131n (h\u00fck\u00fcm ve idarenin) kayna\u011f\u0131 \u00fcmmettir. Sulta teokratik de\u011fildir, insanlardan hi\u00e7birine Allah taraf\u0131ndan verilmi\u015f bir sal\u00e2hiyet de de\u011fildir. Bil\u00e2kis o, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla idarecileri aras\u0131nda bir akit, bir anla\u015fmad\u0131r. \u0130dareci Allah\u2019\u0131n dinini korur, h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini icra eder, halk\u0131n maslahatlar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Buna mukabil m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar da zorlukta ve kolayl\u0131kta, ho\u015fland\u0131klar\u0131 ve ho\u015flanmad\u0131klar\u0131 durumlarda her h\u00e2l\u00fck\u00e2rda ona itaat ederler. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da rahiplik yoktur, idarenin baz\u0131 insanlara Allah taraf\u0131ndan kutsal bir vazife olarak verildi\u011fi inanc\u0131 da yoktur. Bil\u00e2kis \u00fcmmet ve idareci olmak \u00fczere iki taraf\u0131n da h\u00fcr bir \u015fekilde kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir bey\u02bbat vard\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00e2n\u00e2 derinli\u011fiyle ve mesuliyetleriyle\u2026 Bu derinlik ve mesuliyetler ise \u015fu \u00e2yet-i kerimenin m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r: \u201cMuhakkak ki sana bey\u02bbat edenler ancak Allah\u2019a bey\u02bbat etmektedirler\u2026\u201d<\/b>[43]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in halife se\u00e7ildikten sonra okudu\u011fu hutbeye bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bunun idareci ile halk\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki al\u00e2kay\u0131 en g\u00fczel \u015fekilde ortaya koydu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Buna g\u00f6re halifenin o makama geli\u015fi \u00fcmmetin iradesiyle ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir akitle\u015fmeyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir: H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n \u015feriata sar\u0131lmas\u0131na mukabil halk da ona itaat edecektir. \u00dcmmet, idareciyi kontrol edecek, hay\u0131rda ona yard\u0131mc\u0131 olup e\u011frildi\u011finde siyasetini d\u00fczeltecektir. H\u00fck\u00fcmdar adaleti tesis edece\u011fini, cihada devam edece\u011fini ve toplumu ahl\u00e2k\u00ee bozukluklardan temizleyece\u011fini beyan etmi\u015ftir.[44]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\u00d6mer\u00ee\u2019ye g\u00f6re Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019i yerine tavsiye etmesi, \u00fcmmetin iyili\u011fini ve Ehl-i hall ve\u2019l-akd\u2019e yol g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in sadece bir aday teklifinden ibarettir. Bununla hilafet tahakkuk etmez. E\u011fer \u00fcmmet-i Muhammed bu teklife muvafakat eder ve g\u00f6sterilen adaya bey\u02bbat ederse i\u015fte o zaman hilafet m\u00fcn\u02bbakit olur. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Medine-i M\u00fcnevvere\u2019de Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019e bey\u02bbat edip di\u011fer \u015fehirlerden de onun i\u00e7in bey\u02bbat al\u0131n\u0131nca Hz. \u00d6mer halife se\u00e7ilmi\u015f oldu.[45]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

d) Halifenin Hak ve Vazifeleri<\/h4>\n

Halife se\u00e7ilen ki\u015finin bir tak\u0131m hak ve vazifeleri vard\u0131r. Haklar\u0131 hususunda en fazla raiyyenin idareciyi dinleyip itaat etmesi gerekti\u011fi \u00fczerinde durulur. \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2limleri bir k\u0131s\u0131m hatalar\u0131 sebebiyle hemen idareciye ba\u015fkald\u0131rmak gerekmedi\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6mer Nesef\u00ee<\/b> ehl-i s\u00fcnnet \u00e2limlerinin bu konudaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini \u015f\u00f6yle hul\u00e2sa eder: \u201c\u0130mamda (idarecide) masum olma \u015fart\u0131 aranmaz. \u0130mam\u0131n, zaman\u0131n en \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc olmas\u0131 \u015fart de\u011fildir. Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019ya itaat halinin h\u00e2ricine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, fas\u0131k ve zalim oldu, diye imam azledilmez. Salih olsun facir olsun herkesin pe\u015finde namaz k\u0131lmak caizdir.\u201d[46]<\/a> Nitekim Hulef\u00e2-y\u0131 R\u00e2\u015fid\u00een\u2019den sonra gelen idarecilerden f\u0131sk ve g\u00fcnah zuhur etmi\u015f, cevr ve cefa yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ama bu, devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131 azletmeyi gerektirecek bir sebep olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Zira di\u011ferinin zarar\u0131 daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olacakt\u0131r.[47]<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n en m\u00fchim vazifelerinden birinin, devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131na itaat ve yard\u0131m etmek oldu\u011funu Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle ifade buyurmu\u015ftur: \u201cKim bana itaat ederse Allah\u2019a itaat etmi\u015f olur. Kim bana isyan ederse Allah\u2019a isyan etmi\u015f olur. Kim benim tayin etti\u011fim idareciye itaat ederse, bana itaat etmi\u015f olur. Kim benim tayin etti\u011fim idareciye isyan ederse bana isyan etmi\u015f olur. \u0130dareci, kalkan gibidir, onun ard\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. E\u011fer o Allah\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 takva sahibi olmay\u0131 emreder ve adaletle idare ederse bu sebeple ecre nail olur. B\u00f6yle yapmazsa b\u00fcy\u00fck bir vebal y\u00fcklenmi\u015f olur.\u201d<\/i>[48]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201c(Sultan taraf\u0131ndan) \u00fczerinize hen\u00fcz \u00e2zat edilmedik ve ba\u015f\u0131 kara \u00fcz\u00fcm d\u00e2nesi gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve siyah bir habe\u015f\u00ee k\u00f6le bile idareci tayin edilse, onu dinleyip itaat ediniz!\u201d<\/i>[49]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201cKim idarecisinde ho\u015flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015fey g\u00f6r\u00fcrse ona sabretsin! Zira her kim ki sultan\u0131n (himayesinde bulunan cemaatten ve \u0130sl\u00e2m birli\u011finden) bir kar\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 harice \u00e7\u0131karak (idareciye muhalefet ve isyan halinde vefat ederse) o kimse cahiliye \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczere vefat eder.\u201d<\/i>[50]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201cKim (devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131na) itaatten el \u00e7ekerse K\u0131yamet g\u00fcn\u00fc Allah\u2019\u0131n huzuruna, makbul bir mazereti olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde \u00e7\u0131kar. Her kim de boynunda bir bey\u02bbat olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (m\u00fcsl\u00fcman idareciye t\u00e2bi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131) halde \u00f6l\u00fcrse, cahiliyet \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc gibi (bir \u00f6l\u00fcmle) \u00f6l\u00fcr.\u201d<\/i>[51]<\/a><\/p>\n

Seleme b. Yez\u00eed, <\/b>Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019e: \u201cY\u00e2 Ras\u00fblallah! Ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za, bizden haklar\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak isteyen ancak haklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bize vermeyen idareciler gelirse ne yapal\u0131m?\u201d diye sordu. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) ondan y\u00fcz \u00e7evirdi. Bu h\u00e2l \u00fc\u00e7 defa tekrar edince E\u015f\u02bbas bin Kays onu tutup \u00e7ekti. Nihayetinde Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu: \u201cSiz s\u00f6z dinleyin ve itaat edin! Onlar\u0131n yapmalar\u0131 gereken vazifeler vard\u0131r (yerine getirirlerse ecir al\u0131rlar, getirmezlerse mesul olurlar), sizin de onlara kar\u015f\u0131 vazifeleriniz vard\u0131r (yaparsan\u0131z ecir al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z, yapmazsan\u0131z mesul olursunuz).\u201d<\/i>[52]<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcman idarecinin aleyhine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ise insan\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131na \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir vebal y\u00fckleyece\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Eb\u00fb Zer (v. 32\/653), (Halife ile tart\u0131\u015f\u0131p) Rebeze k\u00f6y\u00fcne inzivaya \u00e7ekildi\u011fi vakit, Irak ehlinden bir kafile ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Irakl\u0131lar: \u201cEy Eb\u00fb Zer! Sana yap\u0131lanlar\u0131 i\u015fittik. \u0130syan bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7, sana yard\u0131m i\u00e7in istedi\u011fin kadar adam gelir!\u201d dediler. Eb\u00fb Zer (r.a): \u201cYava\u015f olun ey ehl-i \u0130sl\u00e2m! Ben Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu\u011funu i\u015fittim: \u00abBenden sonra saltanat olacakt\u0131r. Siz, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n sultan\u0131na de\u011fer verip onu aziz tutunuz, \u015ferefini art\u0131r\u0131n\u0131z! Zira her kim m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n sultan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp al\u00e7almas\u0131 ve zelil olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gayret ederse, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 yaralam\u0131\u015f ve \u0130sl\u00e2m aleyhinde fena bir gedik a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olur ve o gedi\u011fi kapat\u0131p eski haline getirmedik\u00e7e onun tevbesi makbul olmaz\u00bb.\u201d<\/i>[53]<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

Eb\u00fb Zerr, halife Hz. Osman\u2019\u0131n Min\u00e2\u2019da namazlar\u0131 d\u00f6rt rek\u00e2t k\u0131ld\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyunca buna \u00e7ok k\u0131zm\u0131\u015f ve a\u011f\u0131r s\u00f6zler s\u00f6ylemi\u015f, sonra da kalk\u0131p namaz\u0131 d\u00f6rt rek\u00e2t k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kendisine; \u201cBiraz \u00f6nce Em\u00eeru\u2019l-M\u00fc\u2019min\u00een\u2019i ay\u0131plad\u0131n, \u015fimdi de onun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yorsun?\u201d diye bunun sebebini sordular. Bunun \u00fczerine \u015fu cevab\u0131 verdi; \u201c\u0130htilaf \u00e7\u0131karmak b\u00f6yle yapmaktan daha k\u00f6t\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bir g\u00fcn Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) bize hitap ederek \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftu: \u00ab\u015eu bir ger\u00e7ek ki benden sonra saltanat olacakt\u0131r. Sak\u0131n m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n sultan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp zelil olmas\u0131 ve kuvvet kaybetmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131n\u0131z! Zira her kim m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n sultan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp al\u00e7almas\u0131 ve zelil olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gayret ederse, kendi boynundan \u0130sl\u00e2m ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kopar\u0131p atm\u0131\u015f olur. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bu yaray\u0131 kapatmad\u0131k\u00e7a o kimsenin tevbesi kabul olmaz. Ancak a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 gedi\u011fi kapat\u0131r -ki bunu yapmas\u0131 neredeyse imk\u00e2ns\u0131z gibidir-, bir daha b\u00f6yle bir \u015feye te\u015febb\u00fcs etmez ve sonra d\u00f6n\u00fcp sultan\u0131 y\u00fccelten, onun izzeti i\u00e7in gayret eden ki\u015filerden olursa o zaman tevbesi kabul edilir!\u00bb<\/i>.\u201d[54]<\/a><\/p>\n

Halifenin bu haklar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda bir tak\u0131m vazifeleri de vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131 M\u00e2verd\u00ee \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralar: 1) Dini asl\u0131 \u00fczere muhafaza etmek, 2) Anla\u015fmazl\u0131k oldu\u011funda dinin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini uygulayarak meseleleri halletmek, 3) Vatan\u0131 muhafaza etmek, 4) Hadleri tatbik ederek Allah\u2019\u0131n ve kullar\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumak, 5) D\u00fc\u015fmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 tahkim etmek, 6) Davet ettikten sonra \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 inatla\u015fan (ve sulh\u00fc kabul etmeyenlerle) cihad etmek, 7) Ganimet ve zek\u00e2tlar\u0131n usul\u00fcnce toplan\u0131p yerlerine da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, 8) Beyt\u00fclmal\u2019den halka verilmesi gereken miktarlar\u0131 belirlemek ve onlar\u0131 zaman\u0131nda yerine ula\u015ft\u0131rmak, 9) Memuriyetlere emin ve d\u00fcr\u00fcst insanlar getirmek, 10) Devletin i\u015flerini ve halk\u0131n ahvalini bizzat g\u00f6zetip kontrol etmek, zevk \u00fc saf\u00e2ya veya ibadete dalarak bu i\u015fi ba\u015fkas\u0131na havale etmemek. Zira emin kimse ihanet edebilir, d\u00fcr\u00fcst olan da aldatmaya ba\u015flayabilir.[55]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu konudaki naslardan, y\u00f6neticinin, Allah\u2019\u0131n dinini koruyup, h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini icra etmek, gerekirse bunun i\u00e7in cihad etmek ve halk\u0131n maslahatlar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in gayret etmesi, buna mukabil m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n da zorlukta ve kolayl\u0131kta, ho\u015fland\u0131klar\u0131 ve ho\u015flanmad\u0131klar\u0131 durumlarda her h\u00e2l\u00fck\u00e2rda ona itaat etmeleri gerekti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a> Avc\u0131, Casim, \u201cHilafet\u201d mad., D\u0130A<\/i>, y\u0131l: 1998, XVII, 539. Bkz. Kett\u00e2n\u00ee, Muhammed Abd\u00fclhayy b. Abdilkeb\u00eer b. Muhammed el-Hasen\u00ee el-\u0130dr\u00ees\u00ee (v. 1382), et-Ter\u00e2t\u00eeb\u00fc\u2019l-id\u00e2riyye <\/i>(Niz\u00e2m\u00fc\u2019l-huk\u00fbmeti\u2019n-nebeviyye<\/i>) (I-II), thk. Abdullah el-H\u00e2lid\u00ee, Beyrut: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Erkam, ts., I, 79.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[2]<\/a> \u00d6z, Mustafa – \u0130lhan, Avni, \u201c\u0130m\u00e2met\u201d mad., D\u0130A<\/i>, y\u0131l: 2000, XXII, 201.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[3]<\/a> Taftaz\u00e2n\u00ee, Mes\u02bb\u00fbd b. \u00d6mer b. Abdillah, Sa\u02bbd\u00fcddin (v. 797\/1395), \u015eerhu\u2019l-Ak\u00e2id,<\/i> \u0130stanbul: Dergah Yay., 1991, s. 326; M\u00e2verd\u00ee, Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hasen Al\u00ee b. Muhammed b. Hab\u00eeb el-Basr\u00ee el-M\u00e2verd\u00ee (v. 450\/1058), el-Ahk\u00e2mu\u2019s-sult\u00e2niye ve\u2019l-vil\u00e2y\u00e2t\u00fc\u2019d-d\u00eeniyye,<\/i> thk. Ahmed M\u00fcb\u00e2rek el-Ba\u011fd\u00e2d\u00ee, Kuveyt: D\u00e2ru \u0130bn Kuteybe, 1409\/1989, s. 3; Avc\u0131, \u201cHilafet\u201d mad., D\u0130A<\/i>, XVII, 539.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[4]<\/a> Taftaz\u00e2n\u00ee, \u015eerhu\u2019l-Ak\u00e2id,<\/i> s. 326-327.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[5]<\/a> el-Bakara 2\/30.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[6]<\/a> \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> I, 221.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[7]<\/a> el-Bakara 2\/246.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[8]<\/a> Dihlev\u00ee, \u0130z\u00e2let\u00fc\u2019l-haf\u00e2,<\/i> II, 406.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[9]<\/a> M\u00fcslim, \u0130m\u00e2ret, 43.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[10]<\/a> Dihlev\u00ee, \u0130z\u00e2let\u00fc\u2019l-haf\u00e2,<\/i> II, 403-404.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[11]<\/a> Elmal\u0131l\u0131 M. Hamdi Yaz\u0131r, Me\u015fr\u00fbtiyetten Cumhuriyete MAKALELER,<\/i> haz. A. C\u00fcneyd K\u00f6ksal – Murat Kaya, \u0130stanbul: Klasik, 2013, s. 208-209.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[12]<\/a> Dihlev\u00ee, \u0130z\u00e2let\u00fc\u2019l-haf\u00e2,<\/i> I, 79\u2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[13]<\/a> Avc\u0131, \u201cHilafet\u201d mad., D\u0130A<\/i>, XVII, 539.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[14]<\/a> Avc\u0131, \u201cHilafet\u201d mad., D\u0130A<\/i>, XVII, 540.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[15]<\/a> Avc\u0131, \u201cHilafet\u201d mad., D\u0130A<\/i>, XVII, 540.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[16]<\/a> M\u00e2verd\u00ee, el-Ahk\u00e2mu\u2019s-sult\u00e2niye,<\/i> s. 5.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[17]<\/a> en-Nis\u00e2 4\/141.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[18]<\/a> Dihlev\u00ee, \u0130z\u00e2let\u00fc\u2019l-haf\u00e2,<\/i> I, 89.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[19]<\/a> Dihlev\u00ee, \u0130z\u00e2let\u00fc\u2019l-haf\u00e2,<\/i> I, 89-94<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[20]<\/a> Dihlev\u00ee, \u0130z\u00e2let\u00fc\u2019l-haf\u00e2,<\/i> I, 251-252. M. S. Hatipo\u011flu konuyla ilgili makalesinde bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r (Bkz. \u201c\u0130slamda \u0130lk Siy\u00e2s\u00ee Kavmiyet\u00e7ilik H\u0130L\u00c2FET\u0130N KUREY\u015eL\u0130L\u0130\u011e\u0130\u201d, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi \u0130l\u00e2hiyat Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi,<\/i> 1978, XXIII, 162-209). Ancak delilleri \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. B\u00fct\u00fcn sahih hadislerin Buh\u00e2r\u00ee\u2019de bulunan rivayetlerden ibaret olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kendisi daha iyi bilir. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee\u2019nin rivayetinde Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in hilafetin Kurey\u015f\u2019e ait oldu\u011funu ifade eden hadisi okudu\u011fu zikredilmiyor diye bunu kabul eden b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e2limleri isabetsizlikle su\u00e7lamak ne kadar ilm\u00eedir?! Ayr\u0131ca b\u00fct\u00fcn Ehl-i S\u00fcnnet \u00e2limlerinin hata etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek ilm\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131dan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir cesareti gerektirmektedir. \u0130stismarc\u0131 insanlar\u0131n hadis uydurmalar\u0131 ve yanl\u0131\u015f tatbikat\u0131, sahih bir hadisi reddetmeyi gerektirmemeli diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[21]<\/a> Bkz. Eb\u00fb Nuaym, Ma\u02bbrifet\u00fc\u2019s-sah\u00e2be,<\/i> I, 12.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[22]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Men\u00e2k\u0131b, 2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[23]<\/a> M\u00fcslim, Fed\u00e2il, 1; Tirmiz\u00ee, Men\u00e2k\u0131b, 1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[24]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Men\u00e2k\u0131b, 2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[25]<\/a> Ahmed, IV, 81, 83. \u015euayb Arna\u00fbt, Buh\u00e2r\u00ee\u2019nin \u015fartlar\u0131 \u00fczere \u201csahih\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Hadisin geni\u015f tahlili i\u00e7in bkz. Tah\u00e2v\u00ee, \u015eerhu M\u00fc\u015fkili\u2019l-\u00e2s\u00e2r <\/i>(I-XVI),<\/i> thk. \u015euayb Arna\u00fbt, M\u00fcesseset\u00fc\u2019r-Ris\u00e2le, 1415, VIII, 153.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[26]<\/a> Ahmed, III, 129.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[27]<\/a> Dihlev\u00ee, \u0130z\u00e2let\u00fc\u2019l-haf\u00e2,<\/i> II, 173, 358.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[28]<\/a> Dihlev\u00ee, \u0130z\u00e2let\u00fc\u2019l-haf\u00e2,<\/i> II, 173.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[29]<\/a> ez-Zuhruf 43\/44.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[30]<\/a> \u0130bn Ad\u00ee, Eb\u00fb Ahmed Abdullah b. Ad\u00ee b. Abdillah el-C\u00fcrc\u00e2n\u00ee (v. 365\/976), el-K\u00e2mil f\u00ee duaf\u00e2i\u2019r-ric\u00e2l<\/i> (I-IX), thk. \u00c2dil Ahmed Abd\u00fclmevc\u00fbd – Ali Muhammed Muavviz – Abd\u00fclfettah Eb\u00fb S\u00fcnne, Beyrut: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-\u0130lmiyye, 1418\/1997, IV, 508; S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, Abdurrahman b. Eb\u00ee Bekr, Cel\u00e2l\u00fcddin (v. 911\/1505), ed-D\u00fcrr\u00fc\u2019l-mens\u00fbr fi\u2019t-tefs\u00eer bi\u2019l-me\u2019s\u00fbr <\/i>(I-VIII), Beyrut: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Fikr, ts., VII, 380. R\u00e2v\u00eelerinden Seyf b. \u00d6mer zay\u0131ft\u0131r, rivayetlerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 me\u015fhurdur ancak \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u201cm\u00fcnker\u201ddir, m\u00fct\u00e2baat edilmez.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[31]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Men\u00e2k\u0131b, 1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[32]<\/a> Fayda, Hulef\u00e2-y\u0131 R\u00e2\u015fid\u00een Devri,<\/i> s. 133.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[33]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Men\u00e2k\u0131b, 2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[34]<\/a> Ahmed, II, 270 (\u015euayb Arna\u00fbt, \u015eeyhayn\u2019\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131 \u00fczere \u201csahih\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir). Kr\u015f. Ahmed, III, 129, 183, IV, 396; H\u00e2kim, IV, 546 (Zeheb\u00ee \u201csahih\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[35]<\/a> Ahmed, III, 183. \u015euayb Arna\u00fbt \u201czay\u0131f\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[36]<\/a> el-Enf\u00e2l 8\/46.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[37]<\/a> Beyhak\u00ee, es-S\u00fcnen\u00fc\u2019l-k\u00fcbr\u00e2,<\/i> VIII, 246\/16537. Kr\u015f. V\u00e2k\u0131d\u00ee, Muhammed b. \u00d6mer b. V\u00e2k\u0131d es-Sehm\u00ee el-Eslem\u00ee bi\u2019l-vel\u00e2 el-Meden\u00ee, Eb\u00fb Abdillah (v. 207\/822), er-Ridde mea nebzetin min f\u00fct\u00fbh\u0131\u2019l-Ir\u00e2k ve zikri\u2019l-M\u00fcsenn\u00e2 b. H\u00e2rise e\u015f-\u015eeyb\u00e2n\u00ee,<\/i> thk. Yahya el-Ceb\u00fbr\u00ee, Beyrut: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-\u011earbi\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee, 1410\/1990, s. 41; Ahmed, I, 5 (\u015euayb Arna\u00fbt \u201csahih li-\u011fayrih\u00ee\u201d ve \u201cm\u00fcrsel\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir); Heysem\u00ee, V, 191 (\u201cm\u00fcrsel\u201d); \u0130bn Hacer, Fethu\u2019l-B\u00e2r\u00ee,<\/i> XIII, 116; S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019l-hulef\u00e2,<\/i> s. 175; Kastall\u00e2n\u00ee, Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Abb\u00e2s \u015eih\u00e2b\u00fcdd\u00een Ahmed b. Muhammed b. Eb\u00ee Bekr (v. 923\/1517), \u0130r\u015f\u00e2d\u00fc\u2019s-s\u00e2r\u00ee li-\u015ferhi Sah\u00eehi\u2019l-Buh\u00e2r\u00ee<\/i> (I-X), M\u0131s\u0131r: el-Matbaat\u00fc\u2019l-K\u00fcbra\u2019l-Em\u00eeriyye, 1323, X, 217. Hilafetin Kurey\u015f\u2019ten olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildiren hadisin Sak\u00eefe\u2019de dile getirilip getirilmedi\u011fi ile ilgili rivayetlerin tahlili i\u00e7in bkz. Bakkal, Ali, \u201cEb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in Hal\u00eefe Se\u00e7ilmesinde \u201c\u0130mamlar Kurey\u015f\u2019tendir\u201d Had\u00eesinin Rol\u00fc \u00dczerine\u201d, \u0130stem, <\/i>y\u0131l: 3, say\u0131: 6, 2005, s. 87-104.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[38]<\/a> Kal\u02bbac\u00ee, Muhammed Revv\u00e2s, Mevs\u00fbat\u00fc f\u0131khi Eb\u00ee Bekri\u2019s-S\u0131dd\u00eek,<\/i> D\u0131ma\u015fk: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Fikr, 1403\/1983, <\/i>s. 48.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[39]<\/a> \u00d6zen, \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc, \u201cM\u00e2t\u00fcr\u00eed\u00ee ve Siy\u00e2set: Hil\u00e2fetin Kurey\u015f\u00eeli\u011fi Mes\u2019elesi\u201d, B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk Bilgini \u0130m\u00e2m M\u00e2t\u00fcr\u00eed\u00ee ve M\u00e2t\u00fcr\u00eed\u00eelik <\/i>(Milletleraras\u0131 Tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 \u0130lm\u00ee Toplant\u0131, <\/i>22-24 May\u0131s 2009 \u0130stanbul), <\/i>\u0130stanbul: \u0130fav Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2012, s. 524-548.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[40]<\/a> \u0130bn Haldun, Eb\u00fb Zeyd Veliyy\u00fcdd\u00een Abdurrahm\u00e2n b. Muhammed b. Muhammed b. Muhammed b. Hasen el-Hadram\u00ee el-Ma\u011frib\u00ee et-T\u00fbnis\u00ee (v. 808\/1406), Mukaddime <\/i>(I-III), trc. P\u00eer\u00eez\u00e2de Mehmed S\u00e2hib, haz. Yavuz Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m ve di\u011ferleri, \u0130stanbul: Klasik, 2008, I, 380-388.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[41]<\/a> \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer, <\/i>I, 221. Tafsilat i\u00e7in bkz. M\u00e2verd\u00ee, el-Ahk\u00e2mu\u2019s-sult\u00e2niye,<\/i> s. 6-21.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[42]<\/a> Avc\u0131, \u201cHilafet\u201d mad., D\u0130A<\/i>, XVII, 540.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[43]<\/a> el-Feth 48\/10; Ekrem Ziy\u00e2 \u00d6mer\u00ee, es-S\u00eerat\u00fc\u2019n-nebeviyyet\u00fc\u2019s-sah\u00eeha,<\/i> Med\u00eene-i M\u00fcnevvere: Mektebet\u00fc\u2019l-Ul\u00fbm ve\u2019l-Hikem, 1415, II, 673.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[44]<\/a> \u00d6mer\u00ee, Asru\u2019l-hil\u00e2feti\u2019r-r\u00e2\u015fide,<\/i> s. 53.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[45]<\/a> \u00d6mer\u00ee, Asru\u2019l-hil\u00e2feti\u2019r-r\u00e2\u015fide,<\/i> s. 56.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[46]<\/a> Taftaz\u00e2n\u00ee, \u015eerhu\u2019l-Ak\u00e2id,<\/i> s. 331-336.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[47]<\/a> Bkz. Taftaz\u00e2n\u00ee, \u015eerhu\u2019l-Ak\u00e2id, <\/i>s. 333.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[48]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Cih\u00e2d, 109.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[49]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Ahk\u00e2m, 4.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[50]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Fiten, 2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[51]<\/a> M\u00fcslim, \u0130m\u00e2ret, 58.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[52]<\/a> M\u00fcslim, \u0130m\u00e2re, 49.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[53]<\/a> \u0130bn Eb\u00ee \u00c2s\u0131m, Eb\u00fb Bekir Ahmed b. Amr b. Dahh\u00e2k b. Mahled e\u015f-\u015eeyb\u00e2n\u00ee (v. 287), es-S\u00fcnne <\/i>(I-II), thk. Muhammed N\u00e2s\u0131ruddin el-Elb\u00e2n\u00ee, Beyrut: el-Mekteb\u00fc\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee, 1400, II, 513 (Elb\u00e2n\u00ee \u201csahih\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir); S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, C\u00e2miu\u2019l-eh\u00e2d\u00ees,<\/i> no: 9048. Bkz. Ahmed, V, 165; Beyhak\u00ee, Ahmed b. Huseyn b. Ali b. Musa Husrevcird\u00ee Horas\u00e2n\u00ee, Eb\u00fb Bekir (v. 458\/1066), \u015euabu\u2019l-iman<\/i> (I-XIV), thk. Abd\u00fclal\u00ee Abd\u00fclhamid H\u00e2mid – Muht\u00e2r Ahmed en-Nedv\u00ee, Riy\u00e2d: Mektebet\u00fc\u2019r-R\u00fc\u015fd, 1423\/2003, IX, 479\/6989.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[54]<\/a> Ahmed, V, 165; Beyhak\u00ee, \u015euab<\/i>, IX, 479\/6989. \u015euayb Arna\u00fbt, Eb\u00fb Zer\u2019den nakleden ravinin m\u00fcphemli\u011fi sebebiyle hadisin \u201czay\u0131f\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[55]<\/a> M\u00e2verd\u00ee, el-Ahk\u00e2mu\u2019s-sult\u00e2niye,<\/i> s. 22-23.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in hilafeti m\u00fcnasebetiyle burada k\u0131saca \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n hilafet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na temas etmek istiyoruz. L\u00fcgatte \u201cbirinin yerine ge\u00e7mek, bir kimseden sonra gelip onun yerini almak, birinin ard\u0131ndan gelmek\/gitmek, yerini doldurmak, vek\u00e2let… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[691],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14854","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hzebubekirinkuranahizmetlerivetefsirdekiyeri"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3G27m-3RA","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14854","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14854"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14854\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14856,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14854\/revisions\/14856"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14854"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14854"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14854"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}