Ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131zda, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019a hizmetleri ve Tefsir ilmindeki yeri konusunda kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131zda mevcut olan durumu oldu\u011fu gibi ortaya koymaya ve resmetmeye gayret ettik. \u00d6nceden kabul edilmi\u015f bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc temellendirmek ve ona deliller bulmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131k. \u00d6ncelikle kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131zda yer alan malzemeyi tespit ettik, ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu bilgilere g\u00f6re bir plan haz\u0131rlad\u0131k ve daha sonra eseri kaleme almaya ba\u015flad\u0131k. Mevcut rivayetlerin sahihlik ve zay\u0131fl\u0131k durumlar\u0131na i\u015faret ederek konunun ger\u00e7ek ve\u00e7hesini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaya gayret ettik.<\/i><\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda \u00f6ncelikle Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in hayat\u0131 ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortam ile onun \u015fahs\u00ee vas\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek maksad\u0131yla erken d\u00f6nem tarih ve tabak\u00e2t kitaplar\u0131na m\u00fcracaat ettik. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda \u0130bn \u0130sh\u00e2k\u2019\u0131n (v. 151\/768) S\u00eeret<\/i>\u2019i, \u0130bn Hi\u015f\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n (v. 218\/833) es-S\u00eeret\u00fc\u2019n-nebeviyye<\/i>\u2019si, \u0130bn Sa\u02bbd\u2019\u0131n (v. 230\/844) et-Tabak\u00e2t\u00fc\u2019l-k\u00fcbr\u00e2<\/i>\u2019s\u0131, Taber\u00ee\u2019nin (v. 310\/922) T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019l-\u00fcmem ve\u2019l-m\u00fcl\u00fbk<\/i>\u2019u, \u0130bn Abdilberr\u2019in (v. 463\/1071) el-\u0130st\u00ee\u00e2b f\u00ee ma\u02bbrifeti\u2019l-ashab<\/i>\u2019\u0131, \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Es\u00eer\u2019in (v. 630\/1233) \u00dcsd\u00fc\u2019l-\u011f\u00e2be f\u00ee ma\u02bbrifeti\u2019s-sah\u00e2be <\/i>ve el-K\u00e2mil fi\u2019t-t\u00e2rih<\/i>\u2019i, \u0130bn Kes\u00eer\u2019in (v. 774\/1373) el-Bid\u00e2ye ve\u2019n-nih\u00e2ye<\/i>\u2019si, \u0130bn Hacer el-Askal\u00e2n\u00ee\u2019nin (v. 852\/1449) el-\u0130s\u00e2be f\u00ee temy\u00eezi\u2019s-sah\u00e2be<\/i>\u2019si, S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee\u2019nin (v. 911\/1505) T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019l-Hulef\u00e2<\/i>\u2019s\u0131 gelmektedir.<\/p>\n
Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in Kur\u2019\u00e2n ve Tefs\u00eer\u2019e dair rivayetleri i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle muteber hadis k\u00fclliyat\u0131n\u0131 tarad\u0131k. Bunlar aras\u0131nda Buh\u00e2r\u00ee (v. 256\/869) ve M\u00fcslim\u2019in (v. 261\/874) Sah\u00eeh\u2019<\/i>leri, D\u00e2rim\u00ee (v. 255\/868), Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd (v. 275\/888), \u0130bn M\u00e2ce (v. 275\/888), Tirmiz\u00ee (v. 279\/892) ve Nes\u00e2\u00ee\u2019nin (v. 303\/915) S\u00fcnen<\/i>\u2019leri, \u0130m\u00e2m M\u00e2lik\u2019in (v. 170\/795) Muvatta\u2019<\/i>\u0131, Ahmed b. Hanbel\u2019in (v. 241\/855) M\u00fcsned<\/i>\u2019i ve Fad\u00e2il\u00fc\u2019s-sah\u00e2be<\/i>\u2019si, Abd\u00fcrrazzak (v. 211\/826) ile \u0130bn Eb\u00ee \u015eeybe\u2019nin (v. 235\/849) Musannef<\/i>\u2019leri ve Mervez\u00ee\u2019nin (v. 292\/905) M\u00fcsned\u00fc Eb\u00ee Bekri\u2019s-S\u0131dd\u00eek<\/i>\u2019\u0131 zikredilebilir.<\/p>\n
Ard\u0131ndan, \u00f6nde gelen tefsir kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 tarayarak Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in Kur\u2019\u00e2n \u00e2yetlerinin n\u00fcz\u00fbl\u00fcne, tefsirine ve ahk\u00e2m\u0131na dair rivayetlerini, s\u00f6zlerini ve fiillerini tespit ettik. Bu eserlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda M\u00fcc\u00e2hid b. Cebr\u2019in (v. 103\/721) Tefs\u00eer<\/i>\u2019i, Ferr\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n (v. 207\/822) Me\u00e2ni\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n<\/i>\u2019\u0131, Eb\u00fb Ubeyde Ma\u02bbmer b. M\u00fcsenn\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n (v. 209\/824 [?]) Mec\u00e2z\u00fc\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n<\/i>\u2019\u0131, \u0130bn Kuteybe\u2019nin (v. 276\/889) \u011ear\u00eebu\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n<\/i>\u2019\u0131,<\/i> Taber\u00ee\u2019nin C\u00e2miu\u2019l-bey\u00e2n an te\u2019v\u00eeli \u00e2yi\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n<\/i>\u2019\u0131, \u0130bn Eb\u00ee H\u00e2tim\u2019in (v. 327\/938) Tefs\u00eeru\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2ni\u2019l-Az\u00eem<\/i>\u2019i, M\u00e2t\u00fcr\u00eed\u00ee\u2019nin (v. 333\/944) Te\u2019v\u00eel\u00e2t\u00fc Ehli\u2019s-S\u00fcnne<\/i>\u2019si, Be\u011fav\u00ee\u2019nin (v. 516\/1122) Me\u00e2lim\u00fc\u2019t-Tenz\u00eel f\u00ee tefs\u00eeri\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n<\/i>\u2019\u0131, Zemah\u015fer\u00ee\u2019nin (v. 538\/1144) el-Ke\u015f\u015f\u00e2f an hak\u00e2iki\u2019t-Tenz\u00eel ve uy\u00fbni\u2019l-ek\u00e2v\u00eel<\/i>\u2019i, \u0130bn Atiyye\u2019nin (v. 541\/1147) el-Muharraru\u2019l-vec\u00eez f\u00ee tefsiri\u2019l-Kit\u00e2bi\u2019l-Az\u00eez<\/i>\u2019i, \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Cevz\u00ee\u2019nin (v. 597\/1201) Z\u00e2d\u00fc\u2019l-mes\u00eer f\u00ee \u0131lmi\u2019t-tefs\u00eer<\/i>\u2019i, Fahreddin er-R\u00e2z\u00ee\u2019nin (v. 606\/1210) et-Tefs\u00eeru\u2019l-keb\u00eer (Mef\u00e2t\u00eehu\u2019l-\u011fayb)<\/i>\u2019\u0131, Kurtub\u00ee\u2019nin (v. 671\/1273) el-C\u00e2mi\u02bb li-ahk\u00e2mi\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n<\/i>\u2019\u0131, Eb\u00fb Hayy\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n (v. 745\/1344) el-Bahru\u2019l-muh\u00eet fi\u2019t-tefs\u00eer<\/i>\u2019i, \u0130bn Kes\u00eer\u2019in Tefs\u00eeru\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2ni\u2019l-Az\u00eem<\/i>\u2019i, S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee\u2019nin ed-D\u00fcrr\u00fc\u2019l-mens\u00fbr fi\u2019t-tefs\u00eer bi\u2019l-me\u2019s\u00fbr<\/i>\u2019u, Eb\u00fc\u2019s-S\u00fc\u00fbd\u2019un (v. 982\/1574) \u0130r\u015f\u00e2d\u00fc\u2019l-akli\u2019s-sel\u00eem il\u00e2 mez\u00e2ya\u2019l-Kit\u00e2bi\u2019l-Kerim<\/i>\u2019i ve \u00c2l\u00fbs\u00ee\u2019nin (v. 1270\/1854), R\u00fbhu\u2019l-me\u00e2n\u00ee f\u00ee tefs\u00eeri\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2ni\u2019l-az\u00eem ve\u2019s-seb\u02bbi\u2019l-mes\u00e2n\u00ee<\/i>\u2019si gelmektedir. Bunlara ilaveten V\u00e2hid\u00ee\u2019nin (v. 468\/1075) Esb\u00e2b\u00fc n\u00fcz\u00fbli\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n<\/i>, S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee\u2019nin L\u00fcb\u00e2b\u00fc\u2019n-n\u00fck\u00fbl<\/i>, Bedreddin \u00c7etiner ile \u0130brahim Muhammed el-Ali\u2019nin Esb\u00e2b-\u0131 N\u00fczul <\/i>isimli eserlerinden de istifade ettik.<\/p>\n
Dihlev\u00ee\u2019nin (v. 1176\/1762) \u0130z\u00e2let\u00fc\u2019l-haf\u00e2 an hil\u00e2feti\u2019l-hulef\u00e2<\/i>\u2019s\u0131 ile Kal\u02bbac\u00ee\u2019nin Mevs\u00fb\u02bbat\u00fc f\u0131khi Eb\u00ee Bekri\u2019s-S\u0131dd\u00eek<\/i>\u2019\u0131 da \u00e7ok istifade etti\u011fimiz eserler aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda yukar\u0131da say\u0131lan kaynaklar\u0131n yan\u0131nda, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019i do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 olarak mevzu edinen \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, makale ve ansiklopedi maddesinden de istifade ettik.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in hayat\u0131, hilafeti, siyas\u00ee y\u00f6n\u00fc, \u015fahsiyeti, ahl\u00e2k\u0131 ve faziletleri i\u015flendi.<\/p>\n
\u0130kinci b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 cem\u02bbi ve onun insanlara \u00f6\u011fretilmesi yolundaki gayretleri ele al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ise Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in Tefsir ilmindeki yeri tesbit edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 anlamadaki gayretleri, onu tefsir etmeye \u00f6nem vermesi ve bu hususta son derece dikkakli davranmas\u0131, \u00e2yetleri fiilleri ve s\u00f6zleriyle tefsir etmesi, daha sonra telif edilecek tefsir kitaplar\u0131na kaynakl\u0131k etmesi, rivayet ve dir\u00e2yet tefsirlerindeki yeri ortaya konulmaya gayret edildi. Hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil olan, ona i\u015faret eden ve tefsirinde \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi \u00e2yetler tespit edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z esnas\u0131nda Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019e at\u0131f yaparken \u00f6nce s\u00fbrenin ismini, sonra Mushaf tertibine g\u00f6re s\u0131ra numaras\u0131n\u0131, daha sonra da \u00e2yet numaras\u0131n\u0131 verdik. Hadislere yap\u0131lan at\u0131flar\u0131, Concordance\u2019a d\u00e2hil kitaplarda o us\u00fble g\u00f6re verdik, di\u011ferlerinde cild ve sayfa numaras\u0131n\u0131 kulland\u0131k. Muhtelif bask\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok fark olan ve rivayetleri bulma g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7ekti\u011fimiz eserleri kaynak g\u00f6sterirken sayfa numaras\u0131ndan sonra s\u0131la\u015f koyup hadis numaras\u0131n\u0131 da yazd\u0131k ki farkl\u0131 bask\u0131lardan o rivayeti bulmak daha kolay olsun.<\/p>\n
Konuyla ilgili rivayetlerin i\u00e7inde muhaddislerin \u201c\u00e7ok zay\u0131f\u201d, \u201cm\u00fcnker\u201d hatta \u201cmevz\u00fb\u201d \u015feklinde de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulunduklar\u0131 rivayetlere de rastlad\u0131k. Bunlara ya hi\u00e7 yer vermedik veya durumunu beyan ederek de\u011ferlendirmesini yapt\u0131k. Zira bu t\u00fcr rivayetlerin kritik edilmeden kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, konunun flula\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7arak resmin net bir \u015fekilde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na m\u00e2ni olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kendilerinden istifade etti\u011fimiz m\u00fcelliflerin ve eserlerinin isimlerini dipnotlarda ilk ge\u00e7tikleri yerlerde tam olarak verdik. Daha sonra yazara ve eserine, me\u015fhur olan k\u0131sa isimleriyle at\u0131fta bulunduk. M\u00fcelliflerin me\u015fhur isimlerini yazarken, alfabatik s\u0131ran\u0131n kolay takip edilebilmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015flar\u0131ndaki elif-l\u00e2m tak\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 koymad\u0131k. Bir m\u00fcellifin tek eserini kulland\u0131ysak, k\u0131salt\u0131rken m\u00fcellifin ismiyle iktifa ettik, birka\u00e7 eserini kulland\u0131ysak, eserlerin kar\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fcellifle birlikte eserinin ismini de k\u0131saltarak tekrar ettik. Eser isminden sonra gelen Romen rakamlar\u0131 eserin cildini, di\u011fer rakamlar ise sayfas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131zda, Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019a hizmetleri ve Tefsir ilmindeki yeri konusunda kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131zda mevcut olan durumu oldu\u011fu gibi ortaya koymaya ve resmetmeye gayret ettik. \u00d6nceden kabul edilmi\u015f bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc temellendirmek ve… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[691],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14886","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hzebubekirinkuranahizmetlerivetefsirdekiyeri"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3G27m-3S6","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14886","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14886"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14886\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14887,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14886\/revisions\/14887"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14886"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14886"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14886"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}