Teb\u00fck seferi, T\u00e2if ku\u015fatmas\u0131ndan d\u00f6n\u00fcnce yakla\u015f\u0131k 6 ay sonra 9. hicr\u00ee senenin yaz\u0131nda Receb ay\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Herakliyus\u2019un, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 Rumlardan ve kendilerine t\u00e2b\u00ee olan Arap kabilelerinden b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ordu toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131, C\u00e2fer-i Tayy\u00e2r\u2019\u0131n \u00f6c\u00fcn\u00fc almak gibi baz\u0131 sebepler zikredilse de bu seferin as\u0131l sebebi \u201cCih\u00e2d far\u00eezas\u0131na tabi\u00ee bir ic\u00e2bet\u201dtir. H\u00e2f\u0131z \u0130bn-i Kes\u00eer<\/b> buna \u015f\u00f6yle dikkat \u00e7eker:<\/p>\n
\u201cRas\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Rumlarla sava\u015fmaya azmettiler. Zira onlar insanlar\u0131n Efendimiz\u2019e en yak\u0131n olanlar\u0131, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara yak\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 sebebiyle hakka d\u00e2vete en l\u00e2y\u0131k bulunanlar\u0131 idiler. Nitekim Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n
\u00abEy iman edenler! K\u00e2firlerden size yak\u0131n olanlarla sava\u015f\u0131n ve onlar <\/b>(sava\u015f an\u0131nda) sizde bir sertlik bulsunlar. Bilin ki, Allah sak\u0131nanlarla beraberdir.\u00bb<\/b> (et-Tevbe, 123)\u201d (\u0130bn-i Kes\u00eer, el-Bid\u00e2ye ve\u2019n-nih\u00e2ye,<\/i> II, 5)<\/p>\n
Daha evvelki seferler m\u00fc\u015frik Arap kabilelere ve yah\u00fbdilere y\u00f6nelik olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. M\u00fbte ve Teb\u00fck seferleri ise Rumlara ve hristiyan Araplara y\u00f6nelik yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Hristiyan \u00e2leminin m\u00fc\u015friklerden pek fark\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu sebeple Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak m\u00fc\u015friklerle oldu\u011fu gibi Ehl-i Kit\u00e2b ile de cih\u00e2d\u0131 emretti. Ancak onlar\u0131n, siy\u00e2s\u00ee olarak M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara boyun e\u011fdikten sonra cizye vererek dinlerini muh\u00e2faza etmelerine m\u00fcsaade etti. \u00c2yet-i kerimede \u015f\u00f6yle buyrulur:<\/p>\n
\u0642\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0656\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0627\u0670\u062e\u0650\u0631\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062d\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u062f\u0656\u064a\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u062f\u0656\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0642\u0651\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0656\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0627\u064f\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e \u062d\u064e\u062a\u0651\u0670\u0649 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0637\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u0650\u0632\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u062f\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0635\u064e\u0627\u063a\u0650\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e<\/p>\n
\u201cKendilerine Kitap verilenlerden Allah\u2019a ve \u00e2hiret g\u00fcn\u00fcne inanmayan, Allah ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn haram k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 haram saymayan ve hak dini kendine din edinmeyen kimselerle, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclerek elleriyle cizye verinceye kadar sava\u015f\u0131n!\u201d<\/b> (et-Tevbe, 29)<\/p>\n
M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda put\u00e7ulu\u011fun i\u015fini bitirip yah\u00fbdileri de s\u00fcr\u00fcnce yeni bir merhaleye girdiler ve ehl-i kitaptan hristiyanlarla sava\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Teb\u00fck, Hic\u00e2z\u2019\u0131n kuzeyinde, Med\u00eene-i M\u00fcnevvere\u2019den 778 km. uzakta yer al\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgedeki insanlar o zamanlar Rumlara boyun e\u011fmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n
Bu sefer \u201cGazvet\u00fc\u2019l-Usre: Zorluk Gazvesi\u201d<\/b> diye de isimlendirilir.[1]<\/a> \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o vakitte M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar iktisad\u00ee bir darl\u0131k i\u00e7inde idiler. \u00d6yle ki iki asker bir hurmay\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor, hurmay\u0131 emip \u00fczerine su i\u00e7erek idare ediyorlard\u0131. (Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer,<\/i> XI, 55)<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0130nf\u00e2k Seferberli\u011fi<\/b><\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah Efendimiz (s.a.v) orduya yard\u0131ma te\u015fvik ederek infakta bulunanlara Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hakk\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ecirler ihs\u00e2n edece\u011fini vaad buyurdular. Zengin-fakir b\u00fct\u00fcn ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m orduyu tech\u00eeze ko\u015ftu.<\/p>\n Hz. \u00d6mer<\/b> (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u201cRas\u00fblullah (s.a.v) bize tasaddukta bulunmam\u0131z\u0131 emretmi\u015fti. O g\u00fcnlerde mal\u0131m da vard\u0131. Kendi kendime, \u00abEb\u00fb Bekir\u2019i ge\u00e7ersem ancak bug\u00fcn ge\u00e7ebilirim\u00bb dedim ve mal\u0131m\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 getirdim.<\/p>\n Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2013Ehline ne b\u0131rakt\u0131n?\u00bb <\/i>buyurdular.<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2013\u015eu getirdi\u011fim kadar da onlara b\u0131rakt\u0131m\u00bb dedim.<\/p>\n Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir de elinde bulunan mal\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p getirdi.<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2013Eb\u00fb Bekir, \u00e7oluk \u00e7ocu\u011funa ne b\u0131rakt\u0131n?\u00bb<\/i> buyurdular.<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2013Onlara Allah ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc b\u0131rakt\u0131m\u00bb cev\u00e2b\u0131n\u0131 verdi.<\/p>\n Onun bu muhte\u015fem cevab\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fitince kendi kendime:<\/p>\n \u00abVallahi onu hi\u00e7bir hususta kesinlikle ge\u00e7emem!\u00bb dedim.\u201d (Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Zek\u00e2t, 40\/1678; Tirmiz\u00ee, Men\u00e2k\u0131b, 16\/3675)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Abdurrahman b. Sem\u00fcre (r.a) anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n \u201cRas\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Cey\u015f\u00fc\u2019l-Usre\u2019yi techiz ettikleri esn\u00e2da Hz. Osman<\/b> (r.a) bin dinar getirdi ve Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n kuca\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6kt\u00fc. Fahr-i K\u00e2in\u00e2t Efendimiz, paray\u0131 kuca\u011f\u0131nda eliyle bir o yana bir bu yana kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar ve \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdular:<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2013Bug\u00fcnden sonra Osman\u2019a, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir \u015fey zarar vermez!\u00bb<\/i><\/p>\n Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc bu s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc iki def\u00e2 tekrar ettiler.\u201d (Tirmiz\u00ee, Men\u00e2k\u0131b, 18\/3701)<\/p>\n Abdurrahman b. Hub\u00e2b (r.a) anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), ash\u00e2b\u0131n\u0131 Cey\u015f\u00fc\u2019l-Usre\u2019ye[2]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> yard\u0131m etmeleri i\u00e7in te\u015fvik ederlerken ben de yan\u0131ndayd\u0131m. Osman bin Aff\u00e2n<\/b> (r.a) aya\u011fa kalkt\u0131 ve:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Ey Allah\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc! Allah yolunda \u00e7uluyla ve semeriyle y\u00fcz deve benden!\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) ordu i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131\u015fta bulunmaya tekrar te\u015fvik ettiler. Hz. Osman yine kalk\u0131p:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Ey Allah\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc! Allah yolunda \u00e7uluyla ve semeriyle iki y\u00fcz deve benden!\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) tekrar te\u015fvikte bulundular. Osman (r.a) yine kalkt\u0131 ve:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Ey Allah\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc! Allah yolunda \u00e7uluyla ve semeriyle \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz deve benden!\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v)\u2019i minberden inerken g\u00f6rd\u00fcm, hem iniyor hem de:<\/p>\n \u201cOsm\u00e2n\u2019a (bu fed\u00e2k\u00e2r\u00e2ne inf\u00e2k\u0131 sebebiyle) bundan sonra yapaca\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir \u015fey zarar vermez! Osm\u00e2n\u2019a bundan sonra yapaca\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir \u015fey zarar vermez!\u201d<\/i> buyuruyorlard\u0131. (Tirmiz\u00ee, Men\u00e2k\u0131b, 18\/3700; Ahmed, V, 63)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Abdurrahman bin Avf<\/b> (r.a) da 2 bin dirhem infak etti ki bu mal\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 idi. (Taber\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer<\/i>, X, 191-196)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Bu hususta b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck g\u00f6steren fazilet tims\u00e2li m\u00fc\u2019minlerden biri de fakir sah\u00e2b\u00ee Ulbe bin Zeyd<\/b> (r.a)\u2019dir. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 Zorlu Sefer Teb\u00fck i\u00e7in yard\u0131ma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131nca, Ulbe (r.a) gece tehecc\u00fcde kalk\u0131p namaz k\u0131ld\u0131, Allah\u2019a yalvard\u0131 ve sabah olunca sahip oldu\u011fu yeg\u00e2ne mal\u0131 olan bir par\u00e7a e\u015fyay\u0131 alarak Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn yan\u0131na geldi. Ulv\u00ee bir r\u00fbh h\u00e2liyle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir fazilet ve fed\u00e2k\u00e2rl\u0131k \u00f6rne\u011fi sergileyerek:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Y\u00e2 Ras\u00fblallah! Elimde sadaka olarak verebilece\u011fim bir \u015fey yok. \u015eu bir par\u00e7a e\u015fy\u00e2m\u0131 tasadduk ediyorum. Bundan dolay\u0131 beni \u00fczen veya bana k\u00f6t\u00fc s\u00f6yleyen, ya da benimle alay eden kimseye de hakk\u0131m\u0131 hel\u00e2l ediyorum!\u201d dedi. (\u0130bn-i Hacer, el-\u0130s\u00e2be,<\/i> II, 500; \u0130bn-i Kes\u00eer, es-S\u00eere,<\/i> IV, 9; V\u00e2k\u0131d\u00ee, III, 994)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Eb\u00fb Mes\u2019\u00fbd Ukbe bin Amr el-Ens\u00e2r\u00ee el-Bedr\u00ee (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n Sadaka \u00e2yeti inince, biz s\u0131rt\u0131m\u0131zda y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131yarak (hamall\u0131k yaparak) sadaka vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131k. Derken bir adam geldi ve \u00e7ok\u00e7a sadaka verdi. M\u00fcn\u00e2f\u0131klar, \u201cG\u00f6steri\u015f yap\u0131yor\u201d dediler. Bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 geldi, bir \u00f6l\u00e7ek hurma tasadduk etti. M\u00fcn\u00e2f\u0131klar bu sefer de, \u201cAll\u00e2h\u2019\u0131n bunun bir \u00f6l\u00e7ek hurmas\u0131na ihtiy\u00e2c\u0131 yoktur\u201d dediler. Bunun \u00fczerine \u015fu \u00e2yet-i kerime indi:<\/p>\n \u201cSadakalar hus\u00fbsunda g\u00f6n\u00fclden veren m\u00fc\u2019minleri ve g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin yetti\u011finden ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 bulamayanlar\u0131 \u00e7eki\u015ftiren ve onlarla alay edenler yok mu, All\u00e2h onlar\u0131 maskaraya \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir. Onlar i\u00e7in ac\u0131 bir azap vard\u0131r.\u201d<\/b> (et-Tevbe, 79) (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Zek\u00e2t, 10; M\u00fcslim, Zek\u00e2t, 72)<\/p>\n <\/p>\n M\u00fcn\u00e2f\u0131klar<\/b><\/b><\/p>\n Bu gazvede nifak meydana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve m\u00fcnaf\u0131klar propaganda yaparak insanlar\u0131 gazveden geri b\u0131rakmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. \u201cS\u0131cakta seferberli\u011fe gitmeyin!\u201d[3]<\/a> diyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n Baz\u0131lar\u0131 Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019e gelerek yalandan m\u00e2zeretler uydurup izin istediler. Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak, Efendimiz\u2019e it\u00e2bda bulunarak \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu:<\/p>\n \u201cAllah seni affetti. Fakat do\u011fru s\u00f6yleyenler sana iyice belli olup, sen yalanc\u0131lar\u0131 bilinceye kadar onlara ni\u00e7in izin verdin?\u201d<\/b> (et-Tevbe, 43)<\/p>\n Nif\u00e2k, Med\u00eene\u2019nin etraf\u0131ndaki bedev\u00ee kabilelere kadar yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[4]<\/a> Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak, m\u00fcn\u00e2f\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcrlerinin kabul edilmesini yasaklad\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n \u201cpislik\u201d oldu\u011funu haber verdi.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla m\u00fcnaf\u0131klar\u0131n aras\u0131na perde \u00e7ekildi ve ayr\u0131m yap\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6ylece daha evvel sergilenen \u201cm\u00fcn\u00e2f\u0131klar\u0131n hallerini \u00f6rtme ve kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelmeme\u201d devri bitmi\u015f oldu. Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem onlar\u0131 rezil etti. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) onlar\u0131n yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Mescid\u00fc\u2019d-D\u0131r\u00e2r<\/b>\u2019da namaz k\u0131lmad\u0131klar\u0131 gibi oray\u0131 yakt\u0131rd\u0131lar. M\u00fcn\u00e2f\u0131klar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcleri \u00fczerine cen\u00e2ze namaz\u0131 k\u0131lmad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n M\u00fcn\u00e2f\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu gazveye kat\u0131lmad\u0131, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da tuzak ve fitne f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 yakalama \u00fcmidiyle kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Nebiyy-i Ekrem Efendimiz (s.a.v) civar kabilelere el\u00e7iler g\u00f6ndererek Teb\u00fck seferberli\u011fine kat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 istediler. (V\u00e2k\u0131d\u00ee, III, 990)<\/p>\n Medine\u2019de seferberli\u011fe kat\u0131lmada yava\u015f davrananlara ihtar geldi:<\/p>\n \u201cEy iman edenler! Size ne oldu ki, \u00abAllah yolunda sava\u015fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n!\u00bb denildi\u011fi zaman yere \u00e7ak\u0131l\u0131p kal\u0131yorsunuz? D\u00fcnya hayat\u0131n\u0131 \u00e2hirete tercih mi ediyorsunuz? Fakat d\u00fcnya hayat\u0131n\u0131n faydas\u0131 \u00e2hiretin yan\u0131nda pek azd\u0131r.\u201d<\/b> (et-Tevbe, 38)<\/p>\n S\u0131cak iyice bast\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, meyveler olgunla\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, hurmalar\u0131n toplanma vakti gelmi\u015fti. \u0130nsanlara g\u00f6lgeden daha tatl\u0131 bir \u015fey yoktu. Bu sebeple m\u00fcn\u00e2f\u0131klara, sefere \u00e7\u0131kmak \u00e7ok zor geldi.<\/p>\n Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak, gen\u00e7-ihtiyar, zengin-fakir herkesin seferberli\u011fe kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emrediyordu:<\/p>\n \u201c<\/b>(Ey m\u00fc\u2019minler!) Gerek hafif, gerek a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak sava\u015fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n, mallar\u0131n\u0131zla ve canlar\u0131n\u0131zla Allah yolunda cih\u00e2d edin. E\u011fer bilirseniz, bu sizin i\u00e7in daha hay\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/b> (et-Tevbe, 41)<\/p>\n Baz\u0131lar\u0131 sefere kat\u0131lmamak i\u00e7in izin istedi\u011finde \u015fu \u00e2yet-i kerime n\u00e2zil oldu:<\/p>\n \u201cE\u011fer yak\u0131n bir d\u00fcnya mal\u0131 ve kolay bir yolculuk olsayd\u0131 (o m\u00fcnaf\u0131klar) mutlaka sana uyup pe\u015finden gelirlerdi. Fakat me\u015fakkatli yol onlara uzak geldi. Ger\u00e7i onlar, \u00abG\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz yetseydi mutlaka sizinle beraber \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131k\u00bb diye kendilerini hel\u00e2k edercesine Allah\u2019a yemin edecekler. H\u00e2lbuki Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 onlar\u0131n yalanc\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 biliyor.\u201d<\/b> (et-Tevbe, 42)<\/p>\n Bedev\u00eeler, m\u00fcn\u00e2f\u0131klar ve ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kiramdan \u00f6z\u00fcr sahibi az bir ki\u015fi geri kald\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7 sah\u00e2b\u00ee de \u00f6z\u00fcrs\u00fcz olarak sefere \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131.<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah Efendimiz (s.a.v) Teb\u00fck Gazvesi\u2019ne \u00e7\u0131karken:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2012Bizimle ancak kuvvetli bir bine\u011fe sahip olan ki\u015fi \u00e7\u0131ks\u0131n!\u201d<\/i> buyurdular.<\/p>\n Bir ki\u015fi gen\u00e7 ve serke\u015f bir binekle sefere kat\u0131ld\u0131. O da bir m\u00fcddet sonra sahibini yere att\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne sebep oldu. \u0130nsanlar; \u00abNe g\u00fczel \u015feh\u00eed oldu, \u015feh\u00eed oldu!\u00bb dediler. Bunun \u00fczerine Nebiyy-i Ekrem Efendimiz (s.a.v), Hz. Bil\u00e2l\u2019e:<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2012\u00c2s\u00ee Cennet\u2019e giremez!\u00bb<\/i> diye nid\u00e2 etmesini emir buyurdular.\u201d<\/p>\n M\u00fcc\u00e2hid: \u201cBu, Nebiyy-i Ekrem (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019den i\u015fitti\u011fimiz en \u015fiddetli hadislerdendir!\u201d demi\u015ftir. (Abdu\u2019r-Razz\u00e2k, Musannef<\/i>, V, 177)<\/p>\n <\/p>\n M\u00fc\u2019minlerin Cih\u00e2da Ko\u015fmas\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n Ka\u02bbb b. M\u00e2lik<\/b> (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n \u201cRas\u00fblullah Efendimiz (s.a.v) sava\u015f i\u00e7in bir sefere \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 zaman, o seferi muhakkak ba\u015fka bir sefer ilan\u0131 ile gizlerdi. Ancak Teb\u00fck Gazvesi\u2019nde Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u00e7ok s\u0131cak bir mevsimde sefere \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, uzak ve tehlikeli bir yolculu\u011fa y\u00f6nelmi\u015f, pek kalabal\u0131k bir d\u00fc\u015fmanla sava\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00f6ze alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bu sebeple, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 gereken haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 yapmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara maksatlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6ylemi\u015f ve gitmek istedikleri y\u00f6n\u00fc onlara bildirmi\u015flerdi.\u201d (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Cih\u00e2d, 102)<\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fc\u2019minler gazveye \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in ko\u015fu\u015ftular. Hatt\u00e2 Ras\u00fblullah Efendimiz (s.a.v) Hz. Ali\u2019ye v\u00e2li olarak Med\u00eene\u2019de kalmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylediklerinde o a\u011flayarak:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Y\u00e2 Ras\u00fblallah! Beni \u00e7ocuklar ve kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7inde geri mi b\u0131rak\u0131yorsunuz?\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah Efendimiz (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Bana g\u00f6re sen, Musa\u2019ya g\u00f6re H\u00e2run gibi olmaya r\u00e2z\u0131 de\u011fil misin? \u015eu farkla ki, benden sonra neb\u00ee yoktur!\u201d <\/i>buyurdular.[6]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n \u0130\u015fte \u00eem\u00e2n ehlinin h\u00e2li buydu! Onlar meyve ve g\u00f6lgelerle sevinmiyor, Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n yolunda s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131, susuzlu\u011fu ve a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 tercih ediyorlard\u0131. Bunlar onlar\u0131n \u00e2hiret i\u00e7in biriktirdikleri ganimetleri idi.<\/p>\n Fakir m\u00fc\u2019minler cihada \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in binek ve nafaka bulamad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u011fl\u0131yorlard\u0131. Zay\u0131f ve \u00e2ciz m\u00fc\u2019minler de hastal\u0131k ve nafakas\u0131zl\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fcnden geri kald\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in cih\u00e2d \u015fevkiyle ve herhangi bir kusur i\u015flemi\u015f olma korkusuyla a\u011flamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine \u015fu \u00e2yet-i kerime n\u00e2zil oldu:<\/p>\n \u201cAllah ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 ihl\u00e2sl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 takdirde, zay\u0131flara, hastalara ve (sava\u015fta) harcayacak bir \u015fey bulamayanlara g\u00fcnah yoktur. Zira iyilik edenlerin aleyhine bir yol (sorumluluk) yoktur. Allah \u00e7ok ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan ve \u00e7ok merhamet edendir. Kendilerine binek sa\u011flaman i\u00e7in sana geldiklerinde: \u00abSizi bindirecek bir binek bulam\u0131yorum\u00bb deyince, harcayacak bir \u015fey bulamad\u0131klar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcden g\u00f6zleri ya\u015f d\u00f6kerek d\u00f6nen kimselere de (sorumluluk yoktur).\u201d <\/b>(et-Tevbe, 91-92)<\/b><\/p>\n \u00c2yet-i ker\u00eemede, Hakk\u2019\u0131n r\u0131z\u00e2s\u0131na kavu\u015fmak ve Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) ile birlikte olabilmek i\u00e7in teess\u00fcrlerinden g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6kt\u00fcklerinden bahsedilen bu g\u00fcz\u00eede sah\u00e2b\u00eelerin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, \u0130bn-i Y\u00e2min, Hz. Abb\u00e2s ve Hz. Osman (r.a) ted\u00e2rik ettiler.[7]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Bir k\u0131sm\u0131na da daha sonra Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) binek temin ettiler. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Meg\u00e2z\u00ee, 78)<\/p>\n Ancak hastal\u0131k ve m\u00e2zeret sebebiyle geri kalanlar da oldu. Onlar hakk\u0131nda Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdular:<\/p>\n \u201c\u015e\u00fcphesiz Medine\u2019de birtak\u0131m insanlar var ki, siz bir yolda y\u00fcr\u00fcr veya bir v\u00e2diyi ge\u00e7erken onlar da sizinle beraberdirler. Onlar\u0131 hastal\u0131k ve m\u00e2zeret al\u0131koymu\u015ftur.\u201d<\/i> <\/b>(M\u00fcslim, \u0130m\u00e2re 159. Bkz. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Me\u011f\u00e2z\u00ee 81, Cih\u00e2d, 35; Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Cih\u00e2d 19; \u0130bni M\u00e2ce, Cih\u00e2d 6)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m ordusu 30 bin ki\u015fi idi. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019in hayatlar\u0131nda sevkettikleri en b\u00fcy\u00fck ordu idi.<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Teb\u00fck Gazvesi\u2019ne per\u015fembe g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Z\u00eer\u00e2 sefere per\u015fembe g\u00fcn\u00fc gitmeyi severlerdi. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Cih\u00e2d 103)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) sefere \u00e7\u0131karken Necc\u00e2ro\u011fullar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Um\u00e2re bin Hazm\u2019a vermi\u015flerdi. Daha sonra Zeyd bin Sabit<\/b>\u2019i g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, sanca\u011f\u0131 Um\u00e2re\u2019den al\u0131p ona verdiler. Um\u00e2re (r.a):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Y\u00e2 Ras\u00fblallah! Bana k\u0131zd\u0131n\u0131z m\u0131?\u201d diye sorunca Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Hay\u0131r! Vallahi k\u0131zmad\u0131m! Fakat siz de Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 tercih ediniz! Zeyd, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 senden daha \u00e7ok ezberlemi\u015ftir. Burnu kesik zenci k\u00f6le bile olsa<\/i>, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 daha \u00e7ok ezberlemi\u015f olan kimse ba\u015fkalar\u0131na tercih edilir!\u201d<\/i> buyurdular.<\/p>\n Evs ve Hazrec kabilelerine de, sancaklar\u0131n\u0131 Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 daha \u00e7ok ezberlemi\u015f olan ki\u015filere vermelerini emrettiler. (V\u00e2k\u0131d\u00ee, <\/i>III, 1003)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Teb\u00fck Seferi\u2019ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bir hayli yol al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Aradan epey bir zaman ge\u00e7tikten sonra ash\u00e2bdan Eb\u00fb Zer<\/b> (r.a) da orduya yeti\u015fti. O, zay\u0131f hayvan\u0131 yola dayanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in gerilerde kalm\u0131\u015f, sonunda hayvan\u0131n\u0131 terk etmi\u015f ve yaya olarak bin bir me\u015fakkatle ordunun ard\u0131ndan yeti\u015fmi\u015fti. Bunu g\u00f6ren Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v), m\u00fctebessim bir \u00e7ehreyle:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Allah sel\u00e2met versin! Eb\u00fb Zer yaln\u0131z ya\u015far, yaln\u0131z \u00f6l\u00fcr ve yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131na diriltilir.\u201d<\/i> buyurdular.<\/p>\n Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v)\u2019in bu m\u00fbcizev\u00ee if\u00e2deleri, vakti gelince ta\u00adhakkuk etmi\u015f ve Eb\u00fb Zer (r.a), ger\u00e7ekten yaln\u0131z ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve yaln\u0131z vef\u00e2t etmi\u015ftir. (V\u00e2k\u0131d\u00ee, III, 1000)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Eb\u00fb Hayseme<\/b> (r.a) seferin zorlu\u011fu sebebiyle ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Med\u00eene\u2019de kalm\u0131\u015f, yola \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130sl\u00e2m ordusuna i\u015ftir\u00e2k etmemi\u015fti. Bir g\u00fcn, bah\u00e7esindeki \u00e7ardakta \u00e2ilesi kendisine m\u00fckellef bir sofra haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Eb\u00fb Hayseme bu manzaray\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce bir an Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) ve ash\u00e2b\u0131 seferdeyken kendisinin ne h\u00e2lde oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. Y\u00fcre\u011fi s\u0131zlad\u0131 ve kendi kendine:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Onlar bu s\u0131cakta Allah yo\u00adlunda \u00e7ilelere katlanmaktayken, benim bu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m olacak \u015fey mi!\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Bu ned\u00e2metle, kendisi i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan sofraya hi\u00e7 el s\u00fcrmeden derhal yola d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, Teb\u00fck\u2019te \u0130sl\u00e2m ordusuna kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Eb\u00fb Hayseme\u2019nin geldi\u011fini g\u00f6ren Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) onun bu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ho\u015fnud oldular ve:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Y\u00e2 Eb\u00e2 Hayseme! Neredeyse hel\u00e2k olacakt\u0131n!..\u201d<\/i> <\/b>buyurarak onun aff\u0131 i\u00e7in Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hakk\u2019a du\u00e2 ettiler. (\u0130bn-i Hi\u015f\u00e2m, IV, 174; V\u00e2k\u0131d\u00ee, III, 998)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019le birlikte Teb\u00fck gaz\u00e2s\u0131nda bulunan Mug\u00eere bin \u015eu\u02bbbe<\/b> (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u201cRas\u00fblullah Efendimiz (s.a.v) kaz\u00e2-y\u0131 h\u00e2cet i\u00e7in \u00e7ukur bir yere do\u011f\u00adru gittiler. Ben de bir kap su alarak onunla birlikte biraz y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcm (ve orada kendisini bekledim). Vakit, sabah namaz\u0131ndan \u00f6nceydi. Ras\u00fb\u00adlullah (s.a.v) kaz\u00e2-y\u0131 h\u00e2cetten sonra yan\u0131ma d\u00f6n\u00fcnce bu kaptan ellerine su d\u00f6kmeye ba\u015flad\u0131m. Ellerini \u00fc\u00e7 defa y\u0131kad\u0131lar. Sonra y\u00fczlerini y\u0131kad\u0131lar. Sonra c\u00fcbbesini kollar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar fakat c\u00fcbbenin yenleri dar idi. Bu sefer ellerini c\u00fcbbenin i\u00e7ine do\u011fru \u00e7ekerek kollar\u0131n\u0131 c\u00fcbbenin alt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar ve kollar\u0131n\u0131 dirsekleriyle birlikte y\u0131kad\u0131lar. Sonra mestleri \u00fczerine meshettiler. Sonra cem\u00e2atin yan\u0131na do\u011fru y\u00f6neldiler. Ben de kendileriyle birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcm.<\/p>\n Cemaat Abdurrahman bin Avf <\/b>(r.a)\u2019\u0131 \u00f6ne ge\u00e7irmi\u015fler namaz k\u0131l\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) iki rek\u00e2t\u0131n birine yeti\u015ftiler ve cemaat\u00adla birlikte son rek\u00e2t\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131lar. Abdurrahman bin Avf (r.a) sel\u00e2m verince Ras\u00fblul\u00adlah (s.a.v) namaz\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamak \u00fczere kalkt\u0131lar. Bu vaziyet, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 tel\u00e2\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc ve \u00abS\u00fcbh\u00e2nall\u00e2h! S\u00fcbh\u00e2nall\u00e2h!\u00bb diye \u00e7ok\u00e7a tesbih etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Nebiyy-i Ekrem Efendimiz (s.a.v) namaz\u0131 bitirince onlara d\u00f6nd\u00fcler ve:<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2012\u0130yi ettiniz\u00bb<\/i> veya \u00ab\u0130s\u00e2bet ettiniz!\u00bb<\/i> buyurdular.<\/p>\n Namaz\u0131 vaktinde k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ol\u00admalar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 onlara g\u0131pta ediyor, bu davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan memnun kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade ediyorlard\u0131. (M\u00fcslim, Sal\u00e2t, 105. Bkz. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Vud\u00fb\u2019, 35)<\/p>\n Di\u011fer rivayette Mug\u00eere<\/b> (r.a):<\/p>\n \u201cBen Abdurrahm\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 geri \u00e7ekmek istedim, fakat Efendimiz (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2012B\u0131rak onu!\u00bb<\/i> buyurdular\u201d demi\u015ftir. (M\u00fcslim, Sal\u00e2t, 105)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Teb\u00fck Gazvesi\u2019nde yol uzun, s\u0131cak \u015fiddetli, yiyecek ve i\u00e7ecek ise k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131yd\u0131. Ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m\u0131n yiyecekleri azalm\u0131\u015f, a\u00e7l\u0131k s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne gelerek:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Ey Allah\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc! \u0130zin verseniz de develerimizi kesip yesek ve i\u00e7 ya\u011f\u0131 elde etsek?\u201d dediler.<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Peki, \u00f6yle yap\u0131n!\u201d<\/i> buyurdular.<\/p>\n Derken \u00d6mer<\/b> (r.a) \u00e7\u0131kageldi:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Ey Allah\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc! E\u011fer develeri kesmelerine izin verirseniz, orduda binek azal\u0131r. \u0130sterseniz onlara, ellerinde bulunan az\u0131klar\u0131 getirmelerini emir buyurunuz, sonra da ona bereket vermesi i\u00e7in Allah\u2019a du\u00e2 ediniz. Umulur ki Allah, bereket ihs\u00e2n eder\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Bunun \u00fczerine Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Peki, \u00f6yle yapal\u0131m!\u201d<\/i> buyurdular ve deriden bir yayg\u0131 isteyip yere sermelerini s\u00f6ylediler. Sonra da elde mevcut erz\u00e2k\u0131n getirilmesini emrettiler. Askerlerden kimi bir avu\u00e7 dar\u0131, kimi bir avu\u00e7 hurma ve kimi de ekmek par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 getirdi. Yayg\u0131 \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekten pek az bir \u015fey birikmi\u015fti. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v), bereket vermesi i\u00e7in Allah\u2019a du\u00e2 ettikten sonra:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Kaplar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 getirip bundan al\u0131n\u0131z!\u201d<\/i> buyurdular.<\/p>\n Askerler kaplar\u0131n\u0131 doldurdular. \u00d6yle ki, doldurulmad\u0131k bir tek kap b\u0131rakmad\u0131lar. Sonra da doyuncaya kadar yediler. Buna ra\u011fmen bir hayli yiyecek artt\u0131.<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdular:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fka il\u00e2h olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve benim Allah\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc oldu\u011fuma \u015feh\u00e2det ederim. Allah\u2019\u0131n birli\u011fine ve Muhammed\u2019in peygamberli\u011fine \u015feksiz \u015f\u00fcphesiz inanm\u0131\u015f olarak Allah\u2019a kavu\u015fmayan kimse, Cennet\u2019ten mutlak\u00e2 mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d <\/i>(M\u00fcslim, \u00ceman, 45)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m ordusu, Teb\u00fck\u2019te kararg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131 kurdu\u011fu h\u00e2lde d\u00fc\u015fmandan en ufak bir hareket g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpm\u0131yordu. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u0130sl\u00e2m ordusunu g\u00f6ren hristiyan Arap kab\u00ee\u00adlelerinin, daha evvel M\u00fbte\u2019deki \u00fc\u00e7 bin ki\u015filik \u00eem\u00e2n ordusunun g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi kahramanl\u0131klar\u0131 da hat\u0131rlayarak, sava\u015fma azimleri k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve harpten \u00e7ekinmi\u015flerdi. Bizans ise Arabistan\u2019\u0131 ist\u00eel\u00e2 fikrinden \u00e7oktan vazge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Z\u00eer\u00e2 Bizans imparatoru o esn\u00e2da Humus\u2019ta kendi memleketinin i\u00e7 meseleleriyle u\u011fra\u015fmaktayd\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Arabistan\u2019\u0131n ist\u00eel\u00e2 edilece\u011fi haberlerinin, hristiyan Gass\u00e2n\u00ee Araplar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir abartmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Ancak bu seferle \u0130sl\u00e2m ve m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir izzet kazand\u0131lar. Arabistan\u2019\u0131n ku\u00adzey hudutlar\u0131 tam\u00e2men emniyet alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. Eyle h\u00fck\u00fcmd\u00e2r\u0131, Cerba<\/b> ve Ezruh<\/b> halklar\u0131, Mekn\u00e2<\/b> yah\u00fbd\u00eeleri Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019den cizye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 em\u00e2n dileyerek m\u00fcs\u00adl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n him\u00e2yesine girdiler. H\u00e2lid bin Vel\u00eed (r.a), d\u00f6rt y\u00fcz yirmi atl\u0131 ile D\u00fbmet\u00fc\u2019l-Cendel<\/b>\u2019e h\u00fcc\u00fbm ederek, hristiyan h\u00fck\u00fcmdar \u00dckeydir<\/b> bin Abd\u00fclmelik\u2019i yakalay\u0131p All\u00e2h Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v)\u2019e getirdi. Ona da cizye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 em\u00e2n verildi. Bu arada baz\u0131 ganimetler de al\u0131nd\u0131. (\u0130bn-i Hi\u015f\u00e2m, IV, 180-182; \u0130bn-i Sa\u2019d, I, 276-277; Ahmed, V, 425)<\/p>\n \u00dckeydir\u2019in \u00fczerindeki bir elbise m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00e7ok ho\u015funa gitti. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2012Bu \u00e7ok mu ho\u015funuza gitti? Can\u0131m\u0131 elinde tutan Allah\u2019a yemin ederim ki Sa\u2019d ibn-i Mu\u00e2z<\/b>\u2019\u0131n Cennet\u2019teki mendili bundan daha g\u00fczeldir!\u201d<\/i> buyurdular. (\u0130bn-i Hi\u015f\u00e2m, IV, 170. Kr\u015f. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Men\u00e2k\u0131bu\u2019l-Ens\u00e2r, 12)<\/p>\n Ordu Teb\u00fck\u2019te 20 g\u00fcn kald\u0131 ve d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Teb\u00fck Seferi\u2019nde yaln\u0131z bir sah\u00e2b\u00ee \u015feh\u00eed olmu\u015ftur. Bu sah\u00e2b\u00ee, m\u00fc\u015frik bir kab\u00eele i\u00e7inde \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019la \u015fereflenen Abdullah el-M\u00fczen\u00ee<\/b> (r.a) idi. Babas\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ona hi\u00e7 mal b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Zengin olan amcas\u0131, onu yan\u0131na al\u0131p b\u00fcy\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f ve mal s\u00e2hibi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) Med\u00eene\u2019ye hicret etti\u011fi zaman Abdullah m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmak istemi\u015fse de, m\u00fc\u015frik amcas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden buna muvaffak olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ras\u00fblullah Efendimiz, Mekke\u2019yi fethedip Med\u00eene\u2019ye d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman Abdullah, amcas\u0131na:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Ey amca! M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olman\u0131 hep bekledim durdum. Senin h\u00e2l\u00e2 Muhammed\u2019i arzu etti\u011fini g\u00f6remiyorum! B\u00e2ri benim m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmama izin ver!\u201d dedi. Amcas\u0131:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013E\u011fer sen Muhammed\u2019e t\u00e2b\u00ee olursan, \u00fczerindeki elbisene var\u0131ncaya kadar, sana verdi\u011fim her \u015feyi geri al\u0131r\u0131m!\u201d dedi. Abdullah (r.a) b\u00fcy\u00fck bir fed\u00e2k\u00e2rl\u0131k mis\u00e2li sergileyerek:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Ben, vall\u00e2hi Muhammed\u2019e t\u00e2b\u00ee oldum! Ta\u015fa, puta tapmay\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131m bile! Elimdeki \u015feyleri al\u0131rsan al!\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Amcas\u0131 elbiselerine var\u0131ncaya kadar her \u015feyini ald\u0131. Abdullah (r.a), elbisesiz olarak annesinin yan\u0131na gitti. Annesi, kal\u0131n kilimini iki par\u00e7aya ay\u0131rd\u0131. Abdullah, onun yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 belinden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131na, yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da belinden yukar\u0131s\u0131na sard\u0131. Kararl\u0131yd\u0131, bir an evvel Med\u00eene\u2019ye var\u0131p Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne kavu\u015fmak istiyordu. \u00d6n\u00fcndeki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc engel, g\u00f6z\u00fcnde bir hi\u00e7 h\u00e2line gelmi\u015fti. Daha fazla duramad\u0131, kendisini s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran kavminden yakas\u0131n\u0131 kurtararak o gece gizlice yollara d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n Uzun ve me\u015fakkatli bir yolculu\u011fun ard\u0131ndan, eli-aya\u011f\u0131 par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f, a\u00e7l\u0131k ve susuzluktan t\u00e2kati kesilmi\u015f, peri\u015fan bir h\u00e2lde Med\u00eene\u2019ye yakla\u015ft\u0131. Heyec\u00e2n\u0131 had safhadayd\u0131. Fakat bir an, \u00fczerindeki kaba \u00e7ullarla Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn huz\u00fbruna \u00e7\u0131kamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc. Buna ra\u011fmen \u00c2lemlerin Fahr-i Ebed\u00eesi\u2019ne kavu\u015fma heyec\u00e2n\u0131yla kendinden ge\u00e7en gen\u00e7 sah\u00e2b\u00ee, solu\u011fu Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee\u2019de ald\u0131. Seher vaktine kadar mescitte yatt\u0131. Nebiyy-i Ekrem Efendimiz sabah namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131rd\u0131lar. Cemaate g\u00f6z gezdirip evlerine d\u00f6necekleri esn\u00e2da Abdull\u00e2h\u2019\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Kimsesizlerin, yaln\u0131zlar\u0131n ve mazlumlar\u0131n s\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u011f\u0131 olan Rahmet Neb\u00eesi (s.a.v), o m\u00fcb\u00e2rek sah\u00e2b\u00eeyi \u015fefkat ve muhabbetle ba\u011fr\u0131na bast\u0131. \u0130sminin Abd\u00fcluzza oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenince:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Sen, Abdullah<\/b> Z\u00fc\u2019l-Bic\u00e2deyn<\/b>\u2019sin!<\/i> (\u00c7ifte \u00e7ul\/kilim s\u00e2hibi Abdullah\u2019s\u0131n.) Bana yak\u0131n yerde bulun! S\u0131k s\u0131k yan\u0131ma gel!\u201d<\/i> buyurdular.<\/p>\n Abdullah (r.a) Suffe\u2019de kal\u0131yor ve Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem \u00f6\u011freniyordu. Bir m\u00fcddet sonra Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019den bir\u00e7ok s\u00fbreyi okuyup ezberlemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), onun hakk\u0131nda:<\/p>\n \u201cO, All\u00e2h\u2019a ve All\u00e2h\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne hicret ederek \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p gelmi\u015ftir! O, evv\u00e2h\u2019lardand\u0131r, y\u00e2ni All\u00e2h\u2019a \u00e7ok\u00e7a yalvaran ve Allah a\u015fk\u0131yla yan\u0131p tutu\u015fan biridir!\u201d<\/i> buyurarak iltifatta bulunmu\u015flard\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o, Kur\u2019\u00e2n okurken All\u00e2h\u2019\u0131 \u00e7ok\u00e7a zikreder ve yan\u0131k terenn\u00fcmlerle i\u00e7li du\u00e2lar ederdi.<\/p>\n Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne a\u015fk ile ba\u011flanan bu m\u00fcb\u00e2rek sah\u00e2b\u00ee, Teb\u00fck Seferi\u2019ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131l\u0131rken kendisine \u015feh\u00e2det nas\u00eeb olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v)\u2019den \u0131srarla du\u00e2 talep etti. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u201cEy All\u00e2h\u2019\u0131m! Onun kan\u0131n\u0131 k\u00e2firlere haram k\u0131l!\u201d<\/i> diyerek du\u00e2 ettiler. Abdullah (r.a):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Y\u00e2 Ras\u00fblallah! Ben \u00f6yle istememi\u015ftim!\u201d dedi. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Sen Allah yolunda harbe \u00e7\u0131kar da humm\u00e2ya tutularak \u00f6l\u00fcrsen, \u015feh\u00eedsin! Hayvan\u0131n seni d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcp boynunu k\u0131rarsa, sen yine \u015feh\u00eedsin! Gam \u00e7ekme! Bunlardan hangisi olsa, \u015feh\u00eedlik i\u00e7in sana yeter!\u201d<\/i> buyur\u00addular.<\/p>\n Ger\u00e7ekten onun \u015feh\u00e2deti, m\u00fbcizev\u00ee bir \u015fekilde Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn buyurduklar\u0131 s\u00fbrette tahakkuk etti; humm\u00e2ya tutulup Hakk\u2019\u0131n rahmetine kavu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n Abdullah bin Mes\u2019\u00fbd<\/b> (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u201cGece karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, m\u00fcc\u00e2hidlerin \u00e7ad\u0131r kurduklar\u0131 s\u00e2han\u0131n bir k\u00f6\u015fesinde hareket eden bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Kalk\u0131p t\u00e2kip ettim. Bir de ne g\u00f6reyim: Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), Eb\u00fb Bekir ve \u00d6mer (r.a), Abdullah Z\u00fc\u2019l-Bic\u00e2deyn<\/b> (r.a)\u2019\u0131n cen\u00e2zesini ta\u015f\u0131yorlar. Bir yere geldiler, kabir kazd\u0131lar. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), kaz\u0131lan kabre indi. Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir ve \u00d6mer (r.a) cen\u00e2zeyi Efendimiz\u2019e vermek i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlad\u0131lar. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2212Karde\u015finizi bana do\u011fru yakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.\u00bb<\/i> buyurdular; yakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar. Cen\u00e2zeyi kuca\u011f\u0131na alan Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), onu kabre yerle\u015ftirdikten sonra do\u011frularak \u015f\u00f6yle niy\u00e2z ettiler:<\/p>\n \u00abY\u00e2 Rab! Ben ondan r\u00e2z\u0131y\u0131m, hep r\u00e2z\u0131 olageldim, Sen de r\u00e2z\u0131 ol\u2026\u00bb<\/i><\/p>\n Bu manzara kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda i\u00e7im dolu dolu oldu. Z\u00fc\u2019l-Bic\u00e2deyn\u2019e g\u0131pta ettim. O an: \u00abNe olurdu bu kabrin s\u00e2hibi ben olayd\u0131m! Ke\u015fke oraya bu iltif\u00e2t-\u0131 Neb\u00ee ile g\u00f6m\u00fclen ben olsayd\u0131m!\u00bb<\/i><\/b> diye ne kadar arzu ettim.\u201d[8]<\/a><\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah Efendimiz (s.a.v), Teb\u00fck Seferi\u2019nden d\u00f6nerlerken, Sem\u00fbd<\/b> kavminin hel\u00e2k edildi\u011fi H\u0131cr<\/b> b\u00f6lgesine vard\u0131klar\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015flard\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u201c\u015eu az\u00e2ba u\u011frayanlar\u0131n yurduna ancak a\u011flayarak girin! E\u011fer a\u011flayam\u0131yorsan\u0131z onlar\u0131n yurtlar\u0131na girmeyiniz ki onlara is\u00e2bet eden azap size de gelmesin!\u201d<\/i> (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Sal\u00e2t, 53)<\/p>\n All\u00e2h Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v), ash\u00e2b\u0131yla birlikte Sem\u00fbd kavminin yeri olan Hicr b\u00f6lgesinde konaklam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m oradaki kuyulardan ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in su alm\u0131\u015f ve bu sudan hamur yo\u011furmu\u015flard\u0131. All\u00e2h Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) onlara ald\u0131klar\u0131 suyu d\u00f6kmelerini, yapt\u0131klar\u0131 hamurlar\u0131 da develere yedirmelerini ve S\u00e2lih<\/i><\/b> (a.s.)\u2019\u0131n<\/b> devesinin gelip su i\u00e7ti\u011fi di\u011fer kuyu<\/b><\/i>dan su almalar\u0131n\u0131 emrettiler. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Enbiy\u00e2, 17; M\u00fcslim, Z\u00fchd, 40)<\/p>\n Nevev\u00ee<\/b>, bu rivayetle al\u00e2kal\u0131 olarak \u015f\u00f6yle der:<\/p>\n \u201cBu hadis-i \u015ferifte, s\u00e2lihlere ait e\u015fy\u00e2larla teberr\u00fck edilebilece\u011fine delalet vard\u0131r.\u201d (\u015eerhu\u2019l-M\u00fcslim,<\/i> VIII, 118)<\/p>\n Efendimiz (s.a.v) H\u0131cr<\/b> mevkiinde:<\/p>\n \u201cBu gece pek \u015fiddetli bir f\u0131rt\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kacak. Herkes devesini s\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011flas\u0131n ve bulundu\u011fu yerde otursun, aya\u011fa kalkmas\u0131n!\u201d <\/i>buyurmu\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n Hak\u00eekaten o gece \u00e7ok \u015fiddetli bir kas\u0131rga \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131; abdest almak i\u00e7in aya\u011fa kalkan birini yere \u00e7arpt\u0131, devesini aramaya giden bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 da Tay Da\u011f\u0131\u2019na f\u0131rlat\u0131p att\u0131. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Zek\u00e2t, 54; M\u00fcslim, Fed\u00e2il, 11; Ahmed, V, 424-425)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblull\u00e2h (s.a.v) insanlarla birlikte Teb\u00fck gazvesine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. Sabah olunca onlara sabah namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131rd\u0131lar. Ard\u0131ndan herkes bineklerine bindi. G\u00fcne\u015f do\u011funca insanlar\u0131 uyku bast\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc gece erkenden yola \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Mu\u00e2z (r.a) Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v)\u2019i t\u00e2kip etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u2026 Devesi bir ot al\u0131yor bir y\u00fcr\u00fcyor, \u00f6ylece dev\u00e2m ediyordu. Bir ara Mu\u00e2z\u2019\u0131n devesi t\u00f6kezledi, Mu\u00e2z hemen devenin gemini \u00e7ekti ve ona vurdu. Bu seslerden All\u00e2h Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn devesi \u00fcrkt\u00fc. Ras\u00fblull\u00e2h (s.a.v) y\u00fcz\u00fcndeki pe\u00e7eyi kald\u0131r\u0131p bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ordudan yak\u0131n\u0131nda s\u00e2dece Mu\u00e2z\u2019\u0131n bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Ona seslendi ve:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Ey Mu\u00e2z!\u201d <\/i>buyurdular. Mu\u00e2z (r.a):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Buyur y\u00e2 Ras\u00fblall\u00e2h!\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblull\u00e2h (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Yan\u0131ma yakla\u015f!\u201d <\/i>buyurdular. Mu\u00e2z da \u00f6yle yakla\u015ft\u0131 ki neredeyse hayvanlar\u0131 birbirlerine yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013\u0130nsanlar\u0131n bizden bu kadar uzak kalacaklar\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmezdim.\u201d <\/i>buyurdular. Mu\u00e2z (r.a) da:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Y\u00e2 Nebiyyall\u00e2h, insanlar uyuyup kal\u0131nca hayvanlar\u0131 her biri bir tarafa da\u011f\u0131l\u0131p otlamaya ve gezinmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u201d dedi. Efendimiz:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Ben de uyukluyordum\u201d <\/i>buyurdular.<\/p>\n Mu\u00e2z (r.a) All\u00e2h Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn yak\u0131nl\u0131k g\u00f6sterip kendisiyle ba\u015f ba\u015fa kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Y\u00e2 Ras\u00fblall\u00e2h! \u0130zin verirseniz size, beni hasta edip dertlendiren ve mahz\u00fbn eden bir hususu sormak istiyorum\u201d dedi. Ras\u00fblull\u00e2h (s.a.v) de:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Diledi\u011fini sor!\u201d <\/i>buyurdular. Hz. Mu\u00e2z:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Y\u00e2 Nebiyyall\u00e2h! Beni Cennet\u2019e koyacak bir amel s\u00f6yleyiniz, ba\u015fka da bir \u015fey sormayaca\u011f\u0131m\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Fahr-i K\u00e2in\u00e2t Efendimiz:<\/p>\n \u201c\u00c2ferin! Cidden b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fey sordun. Ancak bu, All\u00e2h\u2019\u0131n hakk\u0131nda hay\u0131r mur\u00e2d etti\u011fi kimse i\u00e7in kolayd\u0131r\u201d <\/i>buyurdular ve ona bir \u015fey s\u00f6ylemeden bu s\u00f6zlerini \u00fc\u00e7 kez tekrarlad\u0131lar. Mevz\u00fbyu iyice anlamas\u0131n\u0131 istedikleri i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Sonra da \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdular:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013All\u00e2h\u2019a ve \u00e2hiret g\u00fcn\u00fcne \u00eem\u00e2n edersin, namaz\u0131 k\u0131lars\u0131n, s\u00e2dece All\u00e2h\u2019a kulluk edersin, O\u2019na hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi ortak ko\u015fmazs\u0131n, \u00f6lene dek bu h\u00e2l \u00fczere olursun!\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n Mu\u00e2z (r.a):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Y\u00e2 Ras\u00fblall\u00e2h! Tekrar eder misiniz?\u201d deyince Efendimiz bunu \u00fc\u00e7 defa tekrar ettiler. Daha sonra da \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdular:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Ey Mu\u00e2z! Dilersen sana bu i\u015fin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131, dire\u011fini ve zirvesini anlatay\u0131m.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n Mu\u00e2z (r.a):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Elbette y\u00e2 Ras\u00fblall\u00e2h! Anam babam sana fed\u00e2 olsun, anlat\u0131n\u0131z!\u201d dedi. Ras\u00fblull\u00e2h (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle dev\u00e2m ettiler:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Bu i\u015fin ba\u015f\u0131 All\u00e2h\u2019tan ba\u015fka il\u00e2h ve O\u2019nun orta\u011f\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, Muhammed\u2019in de O\u2019nun kulu ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc oldu\u011funa \u015feh\u00e2det etmendir.<\/i><\/p>\n Bu i\u015fin dire\u011fi namaz k\u0131l\u0131p zek\u00e2t vermektir.<\/i><\/p>\n Bu i\u015fin zirvesi de All\u00e2h yolunda cih\u00e2d etmektir.<\/i><\/p>\n Muhakkak ki ben namaz\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131ncaya, zek\u00e2t\u0131 verinceye, All\u00e2h\u2019tan ba\u015fka il\u00e2h ve O\u2019nun hi\u00e7bir orta\u011f\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, Muhammed\u2019in O\u2019nun kulu ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc oldu\u011funa \u015feh\u00e2det getirinceye kadar insanlarla sava\u015fmakla emrolundum. Bunu yaparlarsa All\u00e2h\u2019\u0131n dinine sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olurlar ve -bir hak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlar m\u00fcstesn\u00e2- kanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve mallar\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015f olurlar. Hesaplar\u0131 (samim\u00ee olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131) ise All\u00e2h\u2019a kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u2026\u201d <\/i>(Ahmed, M\u00fcsned, <\/i>V, 245-246)<\/p>\n Sonra:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Sana b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n k\u0131vam\u0131n\u0131n kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u015feyi (can damar\u0131n\u0131) bildireyim mi?\u201d<\/i> buyurdular.<\/p>\n Mu\u00e2z (r.a):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Evet, bildir y\u00e2 Ras\u00fblall\u00e2h!\u201d dedi. Bunun \u00fczerine Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) m\u00fcb\u00e2rek dilini tuttular ve:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013\u015eunu koru!\u201d<\/i> buyurdular. Mu\u00e2z (r.a):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Y\u00e2 Ras\u00fblall\u00e2h! Biz konu\u015ftuklar\u0131m\u0131zdan da hes\u00e2ba \u00e7ekilecek miyiz?\u201d dedi. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Allah iyili\u011fini versin ey Mu\u00e2z! \u0130nsanlar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcst\u00fc Cehennem\u2019e s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen, ancak dillerinin \u00fcrettikleridir!\u201d<\/i> buyurdular. (Tirmiz\u00ee, \u00cem\u00e2n 8; \u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Fiten 12)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yolunda m\u00fcn\u00e2f\u0131klar y\u00fczlerini elbiseleriyle kapatarak tan\u0131nmaz h\u00e2le gelip dar bo\u011fazlar\u0131n birinde, devesini \u00fcrk\u00fcterek Efendimiz (s.a.v)\u2019i d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek istediler. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) bunu farkederek onlar\u0131n uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emir buyurdular. (Ahmed, V, 390-391)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n S\u00e2ib ibn-i Yez\u00eed<\/b> (r.a) <\/i>\u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n \u201cNeb\u00ee (s.a.v) Teb\u00fck Gazvesi\u2019nden d\u00f6n\u00fcnce, sah\u00e2be-i kir\u00e2m kendisini kar\u015f\u0131lamaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Ben de Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019i \u00e7ocuklarla birlikte Seniyyet\u00fc\u2019l-Ved\u00e2\u2019da kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. (Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Cih\u00e2d 176. Bkz. Tirmiz\u00ee, Cih\u00e2d 38. Kr\u015f. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Cih\u00e2d 196)<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Sava\u015ftan Geri Kalanlar<\/b><\/p>\n Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) Med\u00eene-i M\u00fcnevvere\u2019ye girince Mescid\u2019e var\u0131p iki rek\u00e2t namaz k\u0131ld\u0131lar ve insanlarla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek i\u00e7in oturdular. M\u00fcn\u00e2f\u0131klar gelip \u00e7e\u015fitli m\u00e2zeretler ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) onlar\u0131n z\u00e2hirlerine g\u00f6re mu\u00e2mele edip i\u00e7 h\u00e2llerini Allah\u2019a hav\u00e2le ettiler.<\/p>\n Medine m\u00fcnaf\u0131klar\u0131ndan geri kalanlar 80 k\u00fcsur idi. M\u00e2zur g\u00f6r\u00fclen bedeviler de 82 ki\u015fi idi. \u0130bn-i \u00dcbey ve ona t\u00e2bi olan m\u00fcnaf\u0131klar ise bu hesab\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda idi. Onlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7oktu.<\/p>\n Gazveden geri kalanlar, ordunun \u00e7oklu\u011fu sebebiyle farkedilmediklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n Tevbe S\u00fbresi, gazveden geri kalanlar\u0131n h\u00e2lini tafs\u00eel\u00e2t\u0131yla ortaya koyup seferberlikten geri kalmalar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131nam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zira seferberlik esn\u00e2s\u0131nda cih\u00e2d, farz-\u0131 ayn olmu\u015ftu. G\u00fcnahlar\u0131n\u0131 itiraf edip Tevbe edince Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak onlar\u0131n tevbelerinin kabul edildi\u011fini ilan etti ve verdikleri sadakalar\u0131n kabul edilmesini istedi.<\/p>\n Tevbe S\u00fbresi m\u00fcn\u00e2f\u0131klar\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn ay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 da ortaya d\u00f6kt\u00fc. Onlar\u0131n Allah\u2019\u0131n kaderine inanmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, d\u00fcnya hayat\u0131n\u0131 sevdiklerini, \u00f6l\u00fcm korkusuyla cih\u00e2ddan y\u00fcz \u00e7evirdiklerini, mallar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00e2lih bir niyetleri olmadan kerhen infak ettiklerini, b\u00e2t\u0131l s\u00f6zlere c\u00fcr\u2019et ettiklerini haber verdi. \u00d6z\u00fcrlerini reddedip k\u00fcf\u00fcrlerini ilan etti. Onlara isti\u011ffar etmeyi ve cen\u00e2ze namazlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131lmay\u0131 yasaklad\u0131. F\u00e2ni d\u00fcnyada g\u00fclmelerine muk\u00e2bil Cehennem\u2019de uzun m\u00fcddet a\u011flayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 haber verdi. Onlar\u0131 azarlamak ve m\u00fc\u2019minlerin saflar\u0131n\u0131 temizlemek i\u00e7in bundan sonra cihada i\u015ftir\u00e2k etmekten kendilerini menetti. B\u00f6ylece m\u00fc\u2019minlerden ayr\u0131lacak, bir daha onlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda zaaf ve \u00fcmitsizlik tohumlar\u0131 ekemeyeceklerdi.<\/p>\n M\u00e2zeretsiz geri kalan \u00fc\u00e7 sahabe \u015e\u00e2ir Ka\u02bbb bin M\u00e2lik<\/b>, M\u00fcr\u00e2re bin Reb\u00ee<\/b> ve Hil\u00e2l bin \u00dcmeyye<\/b> (r.a) ise herhangi bir \u00f6z\u00fcrlerinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylediler. Gazveden geri kalma g\u00fcnah\u0131na yeni bir g\u00fcn\u00e2h daha eklemek istemediler, yalan s\u00f6ylemediler.<\/p>\n Bu \u00fc\u00e7 sah\u00e2b\u00ee, b\u00fct\u00fcn gazvelere kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u0130\u00e7lerinden Ka\u02bbb h\u00e2ri\u00e7, di\u011fer ikisi Bedr\u2019e de i\u015ftir\u00e2k etmi\u015flerdi. Ka\u02bbb (r.a) 2. Akabe Bey\u2019ati\u2019ne de kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Bunlar\u0131n tevbelerinin kabul\u00fc geri b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) insanlar\u0131 bu \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fiyle konu\u015fmaktan nehyettiler. \u0130nsanlar 50 g\u00fcn onlardan uzak durdular. Han\u0131mlar\u0131na da kocalar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 durmalar\u0131 emredildi. Onlar da \u00e2ilelerinin yan\u0131na gittiler. Ancak Hil\u00e2l (r.a) \u00e7ok ya\u015fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in onun han\u0131m\u0131 Efendimiz (s.a.v)\u2019den, kocas\u0131na hizmet etmek i\u00e7in izin ald\u0131.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya, b\u00fct\u00fcn geni\u015fli\u011fine ra\u011fmen onlara dar geldi. Gass\u00e2n\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmd\u00e2r\u0131 bu f\u0131rsat\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in mektup yazarak Ka\u02bbb (r.a)\u2019\u0131 kendisine kat\u0131lmaya d\u00e2vet etti. O da \u201cBu da ba\u015fka bir imtihan\u201d diye onun mektubunu yakt\u0131. Bu al\u00e2kay\u0131 kesme h\u00e2li, \u00e2yet-i kerime n\u00e2zil olup Allah\u2019\u0131n tevbelerini kabul buyurdu\u011fu ilan edilinceye kadar devam etti:<\/p>\n \u201cVe (Allah, tevbeleri) geri b\u0131rak\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015finin de (tevbelerini kabul etti). Yery\u00fcz\u00fc, geni\u015fli\u011fine ra\u011fmen onlara dar gelmi\u015f, vicdanlar\u0131 kendilerini s\u0131kt\u0131k\u00e7a s\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Nihayet Allah\u2019tan (O\u2019nun azab\u0131ndan) yine Allah\u2019a s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmaktan ba\u015fka \u00e7are olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Sonra (eski hallerine) d\u00f6nmeleri i\u00e7in Allah onlar\u0131n tevbesini kabul etti. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Allah tevbeyi \u00e7ok kabul eden, pek merhamet edendir.<\/b><\/p>\n Ey iman edenler! Allah\u2019tan korkun ve s\u00e2d\u0131klarla beraber olun!\u201d<\/b> (et-Tevbe, 118-119)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n V\u00e2sile bin Esk\u00e2<\/b> (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n Teb\u00fck Seferi\u2019ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde (sefere i\u015ftir\u00e2k edebilmek i\u00e7in ne bir madd\u00ee g\u00fcc\u00fcm ne de bir bine\u011fim vard\u0131. Bu m\u00fcb\u00e2rek seferden mahrum kalmamak i\u00e7in) Med\u00eene\u2019de \u015f\u00f6yle nid\u00e2 ettim:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Ganimet hissemi vermem kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kim beni bine\u011fine bindirir?!\u201d<\/p>\n Ens\u00e2r\u2019dan ya\u015fl\u0131 bir z\u00e2t, m\u00fcn\u00e2vebe ile (s\u0131rayla) binmek \u00fczere beni sava\u015fa g\u00f6t\u00fcrebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Ben hemen; \u201cAnla\u015ft\u0131k!\u201d deyince:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013\u00d6yleyse All\u00e2h\u2019\u0131n bereketi \u00fczere y\u00fcr\u00fc!\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n B\u00f6ylece hay\u0131rl\u0131 bir arkada\u015fla yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131m. All\u00e2h seferin neticesinde ganimet de nas\u00eeb etti, hisseme bir miktar deve is\u00e2bet etti. Bunlar\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcp (o ya\u015fl\u0131 Ens\u00e2r\u00ee\u2019ye) getirdim. O ise bana:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Develerini al g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Ba\u015fta yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z anla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re bunlar senin\u201d dediysem de Ens\u00e2r\u00ee:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Ey karde\u015fim! Ganimetini al, ben senin bu madd\u00ee pay\u0131n\u0131 istememi\u015ftim. (Ben senin sev\u00e2b\u0131na, m\u00e2nev\u00ee kazanc\u0131na i\u015ftir\u00e2k etmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm)\u201d kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 verdi. (Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Cih\u00e2d, 113\/2676)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Teb\u00fck Gazvesi, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyindeki g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131, \u015eam diy\u00e2r\u0131n\u0131n fethine bir giri\u015f oldu. Ras\u00fblullah Efendimiz (s.a.v) \u00dcs\u00e2me<\/b> (r.a) kumandas\u0131nda bir ordu haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ki o esn\u00e2da vef\u00e2t ettiler. Eb\u00fb Bekir<\/b> (r.a), \u015fartlar\u0131n tehlike arzetmesine ra\u011fmen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kararl\u0131l\u0131kla bu orduyu hedefine g\u00f6nderdi.<\/p>\n Daha sonra i\u015fler biraz yoluna girince Eb\u00fb Bekir<\/b> (r.a), \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00e2vetinin be\u015feriyeti zul\u00fcm ve azg\u0131nl\u0131k ate\u015finden ve Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fka \u015feylere kulluktan kurtarma hedefini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek \u00fczere \u015e\u00e2m ve Ir\u00e2k diy\u00e2rlar\u0131na fetih ordular\u0131 g\u00f6nderdi. Zira Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak \u015f\u00f6yle buyuruyor:<\/p>\n \u201cFitne ortadan kalk\u0131ncaya ve din tamamen Allah\u2019\u0131n oluncaya kadar onlarla sava\u015f\u0131n! (\u0130nk\u00e2ra) son verirlerse \u015f\u00fcphesiz ki Allah onlar\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.\u201d<\/b> (el-Enf\u00e2l, 39. Kr\u015f. El-Bakara, 193)<\/p>\n [1]<\/a> et-Tevbe, 117.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [2]<\/a> Cey\u015f\u00fc\u2019l-Usre:<\/b> Zorluk ordusu m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131na gelir. Teb\u00fck Seferi\u2019ne \u00e7\u0131kan orduya, \u015fartlar\u0131n zorlu\u011fu sebebiyle bu isim verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [3]<\/a> et-Tevbe, 81.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [4]<\/a> et-Tevbe, 97, 101.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [5]<\/a> et-Tevbe, 94-95.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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