Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019in, \u0130sl\u00e2m toplumunu ve \u0130sl\u00e2m Devleti\u2019ni bina ederken, Mescid\u2019in in\u015fas\u0131ndan sonra, dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck esas<\/b>, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda karde\u015flik<\/b> tesis etmesidir.<\/p>\n
\u0130sl\u00e2m, b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fc\u2019minleri birbirlerine karde\u015f yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onlara, birbirlerine vel\u00ee olmay\u0131, birbirlerini kollay\u0131p g\u00f6zetmeyi ve hak hus\u00fbsunda yard\u0131mla\u015fmay\u0131 emretmi\u015ftir. Ancak mu\u00e2h\u00e2t, daha hus\u00fbs\u00ee bir karde\u015fliktir ve taraflara kendine has haklar ve vazifeler y\u00fcklemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Mekke-i M\u00fckerreme\u2019de Mu\u00e2h\u00e2t<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) hicretten evvel Mekke-i M\u00fckerreme\u2019de M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda karde\u015flik akdi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hay\u0131r, iyilik ve hak \u00fczere yard\u0131mla\u015f\u0131yor ve birbirlerini teselli ediyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ras\u00fblull\u00e2h Efendimiz (s.a.v) ;<\/p>\n
– Hamza<\/b> (r.a) ile Zeyd bin H\u00e2rise<\/b>\u2019yi,<\/p>\n
– Eb\u00fb Bekir<\/b> (r.a) ile \u00d6mer<\/b> (r.a)\u2019\u0131,<\/p>\n
– Osm\u00e2n bin Aff\u00e2n<\/b> ile Abdurrahm\u00e2n bin Avf<\/b>\u2019\u0131,<\/p>\n
– Z\u00fcbeyr bin Avv\u00e2m<\/b> ile Abdullah bin Mes\u2019\u00fbd<\/b>\u2019u,<\/p>\n
– Bil\u00e2l-i Habe\u015f\u00ee<\/b> ile Ubeyde bin H\u00e2ris bin Abd\u00fclmuttalib<\/b>\u2019i,<\/p>\n
– Mus\u2019ab bin Umeyr<\/b> ile Sa\u2019d bin Eb\u00ee Vakk\u00e2s<\/b>\u2019\u0131,<\/p>\n
– Eb\u00fb Huzeyfe\u2019nin \u00e2zatl\u0131s\u0131 S\u00e2lim<\/b> ile Eb\u00fb Ubeyde bin Cerr\u00e2h<\/b>\u2019\u0131,<\/p>\n
– Sa\u00eed bin Zeyd<\/b> ile Talha bin Ubeydullah<\/b>\u2019\u0131 (Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 hepsinden r\u00e2z\u0131 olsun!) karde\u015f yapt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Ras\u00fblull\u00e2h Efendimiz<\/b> (s.a.v) kendileri de Hz. Ali<\/b> (r.a) ile karde\u015f oldular. [1]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Medine-i M\u00fcnevvere\u2019de Mu\u00e2h\u00e2t<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n Bu karde\u015flik akdi, hicr\u00ee birinci senede Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee\u2019nin in\u015fas\u0131ndan sonra veya in\u015f\u00e2s\u0131 esn\u00e2s\u0131nda Enes bin M\u00e2lik<\/b> (r.a)\u2019in evinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah Efendimiz (s.a.v) \u00eem\u00e2n eden herkesi Med\u00eene\u2019ye hicrete te\u015fvik etmi\u015flerdi. Zira Med\u00eene h\u00e2ricindeki her yer, o zamanlar k\u00fcf\u00fcr diy\u00e2r\u0131 idi ve oralarda \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 ya\u015famak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 Med\u00eene-i M\u00fcnevvere\u2019ye toplayan Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) onlar aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok kuvvetli karde\u015flik ba\u011flar\u0131 tesis ettiler. Ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m tek bir v\u00fccut h\u00e2line geldiler, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kendilerini muh\u00e2faza edebilecek ve cih\u00e2d edebilecek duruma geldiler.<\/p>\n Muh\u00e2cirler, mallar\u0131n\u0131, \u00e2ilelerini, evlatlar\u0131n\u0131 terk ederek hicret etmi\u015flerdi. Mekke-i M\u00fckerreme\u2019de tic\u00e2r\u00ee hayata al\u0131\u015f\u0131klard\u0131, Med\u00eene-i M\u00fcnevvere\u2019de ise ziraat yayg\u0131nd\u0131. Sermayelerini getiremedikleri i\u00e7in de tic\u00e2ret yapam\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da hummaya yakalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yani iktis\u00e2di, ictim\u00e2\u00ee ve s\u0131hh\u00ee m\u00fc\u015fkil\u00e2t ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya idiler. \u00c2cil, muvakkat ve istisn\u00e2\u00ee bir m\u00fcd\u00e2heleye ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131. Mu\u00e2h\u00e2t imdada yeti\u015fti. Ens\u00e2r-\u0131 Kir\u00e2m hi\u00e7bir fed\u00e2k\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 esirgemedi. Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n kit\u00e2b\u0131nda n\u00e2mlar\u0131n\u0131 ebed\u00eele\u015ftirecek infak ve \u00ees\u00e2r \u00f6rnekleri sergilediler. \u00c2yet-i kerimede \u015f\u00f6yle buyrulur:<\/p>\n \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0624\u0652\u062b\u0650\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u0670\u0649 \u0627\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0633\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u062e\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0627\u0635\u064e\u0629\u064c<\/p>\n \u201c\u2026Kendileri son derece ihtiya\u00e7 i\u00e7inde bulunsalar bile \u00ees\u00e2r ile onlar\u0131 kendilerine tercih ederler\u2026\u201d<\/b> (el-Ha\u015fr, 9)<\/p>\n Mu\u00e2h\u00e2t, madd\u00ee ve m\u00e2nev\u00ee yard\u0131mla\u015fmay\u0131, birbiriyle ilgilenip dert orta\u011f\u0131 olmay\u0131, birbirini tesell\u00ee etmeyi; iyilik, ziy\u00e2retle\u015fme ve muhabbeti ihtiv\u00e2 ediyordu. \u0130lk zamanlar karde\u015fler birbirlerine miras\u00e7\u0131 da oluyorlard\u0131. Muh\u00e2cirler yeni hayatlar\u0131na al\u0131\u015f\u0131ncaya kadar devam eden v\u00e2ris olma h\u00fckm\u00fc, Bedir Gazvesi\u2019nden sonra \u015fu \u00e2yet-i kerime ile kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131:<\/p>\n \u201cSonradan iman eden ve hicret edip de sizinle beraber cih\u00e2d edenler de sizdendir. Allah\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131na g\u00f6re yak\u0131n akrabalar birbirlerine (v\u00e2ris olmaya) daha m\u00fcnasiptir. \u015e\u00fcphesiz ki Allah her \u015feyi bilendir.\u201d<\/b> (el-Enf\u00e2l, 75)<\/p>\n Ancak yine de bir karde\u015fin, mal\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 karde\u015fine vasiyet etmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n \u0130brahim bin Abdurrahman bin Avf (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n \u201cMuhacirler Medine\u2019ye geldikleri zaman Ras\u00fblullah Efendimiz (s.a.v), Abdurrahm\u00e2n bin Avf<\/b> ile Sa\u2019d bin Rab\u00ee\u2019<\/b> aras\u0131nda karde\u015flik tesis etti. Sa\u2019d (r.a), Abdurrahman (r.a)\u2019a \u015f\u00f6yle dedi:<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2012Ben mal y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Ens\u00e2r\u2019\u0131n en zenginiyim. Mal\u0131m\u0131 iki k\u0131sma ay\u0131r\u0131p yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sana verece\u011fim. Ayr\u0131ca benim iki han\u0131m\u0131m var. Bak, hangisi ho\u015funa giderse s\u00f6yle, onu bo\u015fayay\u0131m. \u0130ddet m\u00fcddeti tamamlan\u0131nca onunla evlenirsin!\u00bb<\/p>\n Abdurrahman bin Avf (r.a):<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2012Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 ehlini ve mal\u0131n\u0131 sana m\u00fcb\u00e2rek eylesin! \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131n\u0131z nerededir?\u00bb dedi.<\/p>\n Ona Ben\u00ee Kaynuk\u00e2 \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdiler. Art\u0131k Abdurrahman o \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131dan her d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde beraberinde muhak\u00adkak ke\u015f ve ya\u011fdan bir fazlal\u0131k olurdu. Bu \u015fekilde her sabah \u00e7ar\u015f\u0131ya gitmeye devam etti. Bir g\u00fcn Efendimiz (s.a.v)\u2019in huzur-u \u00e2l\u00eelerine geldi\u011finde \u00fczerinde sar\u0131 renkli ve kokulu za\u011ffer\u00e2n izleri vard\u0131. Nebiyy-i Ekrem Efendimiz (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2012Hay\u0131rd\u0131r, bu nedir?\u00bb<\/i> diye sordular. Abdurrahman (r.a):<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2012Evlendim\u00bb dedi. Efendimiz (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2012Han\u0131m\u0131na ne kadar mihr verdin?\u00bb<\/i> diye sordular. Abdurrahman:<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2012Alt\u0131ndan bir \u00e7ekirdek!\u00bb (veya) \u00abBir \u00e7ekirdek (be\u015f dirhem) a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131nda alt\u0131n\u00bb cev\u00e2b\u0131n\u0131 verdi.\u201d (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Men\u00e2k\u0131bu\u2019l-Ens\u00e2r, 3)<\/p>\n Bunun \u00fczerine Ras\u00fblullah Efendimiz (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2012Bir koyunla da olsa vel\u00eeme (d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yeme\u011fi) ikr\u00e2m et!\u201d<\/i> buyurdular. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Men\u00e2k\u0131bu\u2019l-Ens\u00e2r, 3, 50)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Enes<\/b> (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u201cPeygamber Efendimiz (s.a.v) Med\u00eene\u2019ye geldiklerinde Muh\u00e2cirler, huz\u00fbr-i \u00e2l\u00eelerine \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u015f\u00f6yle dediler:<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2013Y\u00e2 Ras\u00fblall\u00e2h! Kendilerine hicret etti\u011fimiz \u015fu kavim kadar c\u00f6mert ve hay\u0131rsever kimseler g\u00f6rmedik. Mal\u0131 \u00e7ok olan bol bol veriyor, az olan da imk\u00e2n\u0131 nisbetinde fed\u00e2k\u00e2rl\u0131k yap\u0131yor ve en g\u00fczel \u015fekilde tesell\u00eede bulunuyor. Ev ve bah\u00e7elerinin hizmetlerini kendileri g\u00f6r\u00fcp bize b\u0131rakm\u0131yor ancak evlerine ve mahsullerine bizi ortak ediyorlar. B\u00fct\u00fcn ecir ve sev\u00e2b\u0131 al\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcrecekler diye korkuyoruz?!\u00bb<\/p>\n Nebiyy-i Ekrem Efendimiz (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdular:<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2013Hay\u0131r, onlar i\u00e7in All\u00e2h Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019ya du\u00e2 etti\u011finiz ve yapt\u0131klar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 kendilerine medh \u00fc sen\u00e2da bulundu\u011funuz m\u00fcddet\u00e7e siz de (sev\u00e2ba n\u00e2il olursunuz.) \u00bb <\/i>(Tirmiz\u00ee, K\u0131y\u00e2met, 44\/2487)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Ens\u00e2r<\/b> (r.a), Nebiyy-i Ekrem (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019e:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Y\u00e2 Ras\u00fblallah! Hurmal\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 Muh\u00e2cir karde\u015flerimizle aram\u0131zda taksim et!\u201d dediler.<\/p>\n Peygamber Efendimiz (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2012Olmaz!\u201d<\/i> buyurdular.<\/p>\n Ens\u00e2r:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013O h\u00e2lde a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n bak\u0131m ve sulama i\u015fini yaps\u0131nlar, mahsulde ortak olal\u0131m!\u201d dediler.<\/p>\n Peygamber Efendimiz (s.a.v) bunu m\u00fcnasip g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Bunun \u00fczerine her iki taraf da:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013\u0130\u015fittik ve itaat ettik!\u201d diyerek bu tekl\u00eefi kab\u00fbl ettiler. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Hars ve M\u00fcz\u00e2raa, 5, \u015eur\u00fbt, 5, Men\u00e2k\u0131bu\u2019l-Ens\u00e2r, 3)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Hurmalar\u0131 dev\u015firdiklerinde, Ens\u00e2r<\/b> bunlar\u0131 ikiye ay\u0131r\u0131r, bir tarafa \u00e7ok, di\u011fer tarafa da az hurma koyarlard\u0131. Daha sonra, az olan taraf\u0131n alt\u0131na hurma dallar\u0131 koyarak o taraf\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00f6sterir, Muh\u00e2cirler\u2019e:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Hangisini tercih ederseniz al\u0131n!\u201d derlerdi. Onlar da \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fcnen y\u0131\u011f\u0131n Ens\u00e2r karde\u015flerimizin olsun diye, az g\u00f6r\u00fcnen y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131rlar ve b\u00f6ylece hurman\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu Muh\u00e2cirler\u2019e gelirdi\u2026\u201d (Heysem\u00ee, X, 40)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Bir g\u00fcn Peygamber Efendimiz (s.a.v), Bahreyn ar\u00e2zisini ash\u00e2b\u0131na taksim etmek \u00fczere, \u00f6nce Ens\u00e2r<\/b>\u2019\u0131 d\u00e2vet etmi\u015flerdi. Ens\u00e2r k\u00e2b\u0131na eri\u015filmez bir fed\u00e2k\u00e2rl\u0131k ve fer\u00e2gat g\u00f6stererek:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Y\u00e2 Ras\u00fblallah! Muh\u00e2cir karde\u015flerimize bunun bir mislini fazlas\u0131yla taksim buyurmad\u0131k\u00e7a bize bir \u015fey vermeyiniz!\u201d dediler. Bunun \u00fczerine Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Ey Ens\u00e2r! M\u00e2dem ki (m\u00fc\u2019min karde\u015flerinizi nefsinize tercih ederek) almak istemiyorsunuz; \u015fu h\u00e2lde Kevser Havuzu\u2019nda bana kavu\u015funcaya kadar (d\u00fcnyan\u0131n iptilalar\u0131na) sabrediniz! \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc benden sonra, yak\u0131nda size ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n tercih edilece\u011fi bir zaman gelecektir\u201d<\/i> buyurdular. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Men\u00e2k\u0131bu\u2019l-Ens\u00e2r, 8)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n C\u00e2bir<\/b> (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u201cBir g\u00fcn Ras\u00fblullah Efendimiz (s.a.v) gazveye \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131 mur\u00e2d ettiler ve:<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2013Ey Muh\u00e2cirler ve Ens\u00e2r toplulu\u011fu! Mal\u0131 ve akrabas\u0131 olmayan karde\u015fleriniz vard\u0131r. Her biriniz onlardan iki veya \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fiyi yan\u0131na als\u0131n!\u00bb<\/i> buyurdular.<\/p>\n Bizden devesi olan birinin de ancak yan\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 karde\u015flerinden biri gibi bir n\u00f6bet hakk\u0131 olacakt\u0131. Ben de yan\u0131ma iki veya \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fi ald\u0131m. Deveme binme hus\u00fbsunda benim de ancak onlardan biri gibi bir n\u00f6bet hakk\u0131m vard\u0131.\u201d (Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Cih\u00e2d, 34\/2534)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Bir ki\u015fi Peygamber (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019e gelerek:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Ben a\u00e7\u0131m\u201d dedi. All\u00e2h\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc han\u0131mlar\u0131ndan birine haber g\u00f6ndererek yiyecek bir \u015feyler istediler. O da:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Seni peygamber olarak g\u00f6nderen All\u00e2h\u2019a yemin ederim ki evde sudan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey yok!\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Efendimiz (s.a.v) bu sefer di\u011fer bir han\u0131m\u0131ndan yiyecek bir \u015fey istediler. O da ayn\u0131 cevab\u0131 verdi. Daha sonra Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem (s.a.v), \u00f6teki han\u0131mlar\u0131ndan da ayn\u0131 cev\u00e2b\u0131 al\u0131nca ash\u00e2b\u0131na d\u00f6nerek:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Bu gece bu \u015fahs\u0131 kim mis\u00e2fir etmek ister?\u201d<\/i> diye sordular. Ens\u00e2r\u2019dan Eb\u00fb Talha<\/b> (r.a):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Ben misafir ederim y\u00e2 Ras\u00fblall\u00e2h\u201d diyerek o yoksulu al\u0131p evine g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Eve var\u0131nca han\u0131m\u0131na:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Ras\u00fblull\u00e2h (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019in misafirini a\u011f\u0131rlayal\u0131m\u201d dedi. Sonra:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Evde yiyecek bir \u015fey var m\u0131?\u201d diye sordu. Han\u0131m\u0131:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Hay\u0131r, s\u00e2dece \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131n yiyece\u011fi kadar bir \u015fey var\u201d dedi. Sah\u00e2b\u00ee:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013\u00d6yleyse \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 oyala. Sofraya gelmek isterlerse onlar\u0131 uyut. Mis\u00e2firimiz i\u00e7eri girince de l\u00e2mbay\u0131 bir bahaneyle s\u00f6nd\u00fcr. Sofrada biz de yiyormu\u015f gibi yapal\u0131m\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Sofraya oturdular. Mis\u00e2fir karn\u0131n\u0131 doyurdu; onlar da a\u00e7 olarak yatt\u0131lar. Sabahleyin Eb\u00fb Talha Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019in yan\u0131na gitti. Onu g\u00f6ren All\u00e2h Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Bu gece misafirinize yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131zdan All\u00e2h Te\u00e2l\u00e2 r\u00e2z\u0131 oldu.\u201d<\/i> buyurdular. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer, 59\/6, Men\u00e2k\u0131bu\u2019l-Ens\u00e2r, 10; M\u00fcslim, E\u015fribe, 172-173)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n \u0648\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0634\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0652: \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0650 – \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e -: \u201c \u00ab\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0636\u064f\u0631\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0646\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0635\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u060c \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0646\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0648\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627\u201d<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah Efendimiz (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015flard\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u201cBir kad\u0131n ha Ens\u00e2r\u2019dan iki evin aras\u0131nda konaklam\u0131\u015f, ha anne-babas\u0131n\u0131n evine inmi\u015f bu ona hi\u00e7 zarar vermez (bu ikisi aras\u0131nda hi\u00e7 fark yoktur).\u201d<\/i> (Ahmed, VI, 257)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Peygamber (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019in Mekke\u2019den hicret eden Muh\u00e2cirler ile Med\u00eene\u2019li Ens\u00e2r aras\u0131nda tesis etti\u011fi \u201ckarde\u015flik (mu\u00e2h\u00e2t)\u201d<\/b>, tarihin emsaline \u015fahit olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00e2b\u0131na var\u0131lmaz bir deh\u00e2, fir\u00e2set ve ahl\u00e2k n\u00fcm\u00fbnesidir. Bu karde\u015flik akdi; birlik-beraberlik, yard\u0131mla\u015fma ve muhabbet gibi hus\u00fbslarda m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck din\u00ee, i\u00e7tim\u00e2\u00ee ve siyas\u00ee faydalar sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mal ve m\u00fclkten yoksun olan Muh\u00e2cirler\u2019in Ens\u00e2r\u2019\u0131n himayesine ve em\u00e2n\u0131na girmeleri, kendi beldelerinde her biri ayr\u0131 birer reis ve \u015feref sahibi olan Muh\u00e2cirler\u2019e elbette \u00e7ok zor geliyordu. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) karde\u015fle\u015ftirme form\u00fcl\u00fcyle her iki taraf\u0131n da g\u00f6nl\u00fcn\u00fc alm\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6ylece din\u00ee, i\u00e7tim\u00e2\u00ee ve siyas\u00ee bir birlik tesis etmeye muvaffak olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Birbirlerine miras\u00e7\u0131 olma h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra da Efendimiz (s.a.v) ash\u00e2b\u0131 aras\u0131nda karde\u015flik tesisine devam etmi\u015flerdir:<\/p>\n Ebu\u2019d-Derd\u00e2<\/b> (r.a) ile Selm\u00e2n-\u0131 F\u00e2ris\u00ee<\/b> (r.a)<\/p>\n C\u00e2fer bin Eb\u00ee T\u00e2lib<\/b> (r.a) ile Mu\u00e2z bin Cebel<\/b> (r.a)<\/p>\n Hut\u00e2t<\/b> (r.a) ile Mu\u00e2viye bin Eb\u00ee S\u00fcfy\u00e2n<\/b> (r.a) aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi\u2026<\/p>\n Bu karde\u015flik m\u00fcessesesi, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara hem d\u00fcnyay\u0131 hem de \u00e2hireti birlikte kazanma imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sabah kalkt\u0131klar\u0131nda birisi Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019in yan\u0131na giderken di\u011feri de i\u015fine giderdi. G\u00fcn\u00fc Efendimiz\u2019in yan\u0131nda ge\u00e7iren sahab\u00ee, o g\u00fcn \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi \u00e2yet ve hadisleri ak\u015fam kom\u015fusuna naklederdi. Ertesi g\u00fcn n\u00f6bet de\u011fi\u015firlerdi. B\u00f6ylece hem Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019in sohbetlerini takip ederler, hem de d\u00fcnyev\u00ee i\u015flerini y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcrlerdi. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Mez\u00e2lim, 25; M\u00fcslim, Tah\u00e2ret, 17)<\/p>\n Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn bu karde\u015fle\u015ftirme faaliyeti hazarda oldu\u011fu kadar seferde de m\u00fchim bir yere sahipti. Zira Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) sefere \u00e7\u0131karken karde\u015flerden birini ordusuna al\u0131r; di\u011ferini de, her iki \u00e2ilenin de ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak ve \u015fehri m\u00fcd\u00e2faa etmek \u00fczere Med\u00eene\u2019de b\u0131rak\u0131rlard\u0131.[2]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n M\u00fc\u2019minler aras\u0131nda te\u015fri buyrulan mu\u00e2h\u00e2t, yani karde\u015flik akdi h\u00e2l\u00e2 b\u00e2k\u00eedir, birbirine miras\u00e7\u0131 olma h\u00fckm\u00fc h\u00e2ri\u00e7 neshedilmemi\u015ftir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar her devirde birbirleriyle yard\u0131mla\u015fmak, iyilikte bulunmak, birbirlerini kollay\u0131p g\u00f6zetmek \u00fczere karde\u015flik akdi yapabilirler. Ve bu karde\u015flik, um\u00fbm\u00ee m\u00fc\u2019min karde\u015fli\u011finden daha hus\u00fbs\u00ee haklar do\u011furur.<\/p>\n \u0130nsanlar aras\u0131ndaki irtibat\u0131n esas\u0131, \u00eem\u00e2n ba\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Onunla \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan hi\u00e7bir ba\u011fa \u00eetib\u00e2r edilmez. \u00cem\u00e2n ba\u011f\u0131na muvaf\u0131k oldu\u011funda ise kan ve akrabal\u0131k ba\u011flar\u0131 da ayr\u0131ca de\u011fer kazan\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m, Med\u00eene-i M\u00fcnevvere\u2019de bir \u201c\u00cetik\u00e2d Toplumu\u201d<\/b> kurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Med\u00eene\u2019ye hicret edip orada \u0130sl\u00e2m Devleti\u2019ni m\u00fcd\u00e2faa etmeye te\u015fvik eden \u00e2yet-i kerimede \u015f\u00f6yle buyrulur:<\/p>\n \u201cDe ki: E\u011fer babalar\u0131n\u0131z, o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131z, karde\u015fleriniz, e\u015fleriniz, h\u0131s\u0131m akraban\u0131z, kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z mallar, kesada u\u011framas\u0131ndan korktu\u011funuz ticaret, ho\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z meskenler size Allah\u2019tan, Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019nden ve Allah yolunda cih\u00e2d etmekten daha sevimli ise, art\u0131k Allah emrini getirinceye kadar bekleyin! Allah f\u00e2s\u0131klar toplulu\u011funu hid\u00e2yete erdirmez.\u201d<\/b> <\/b>(et-Tevbe, 24)<\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m toplumu, muhabbet, merhamet, ilgi ve al\u00e2ka \u00fczerine tesis edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \n Ash\u00e2b-\u0131 Kir\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n Fazileti<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2026Benim i\u00e7in hicret edenlerin, yurtlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lanlar\u0131n, Ben\u2019im yolumda eziyete u\u011frayanlar\u0131n, cihada gidenlerin ve bu u\u011furda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclenlerin g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131m, onlar\u0131 alt\u0131ndan nehirler akan Cennetlere koyaca\u011f\u0131m. Bu onlara All\u00e2h taraf\u0131ndan l\u00fbtfedilen bir m\u00fck\u00e2fatt\u0131r. M\u00fck\u00e2f\u00e2t\u0131n en g\u00fczeli b\u00f6yle All\u00e2h\u2019\u0131n kat\u0131ndad\u0131r.\u201d <\/b>(\u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n, 195)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/b>\u201cMuh\u00e2cirler ile Ens\u00e2r\u2019\u0131n en ilerisinde bulunanlara ve sonra bunlar\u0131n izini ihl\u00e2s ile t\u00e2kip edenlere gelince, All\u00e2h onlardan r\u00e2z\u0131 oldu, onlar da O\u2019ndan r\u00e2z\u0131 oldular. Hem onlara, i\u00e7inde ebediyen kalacaklar\u0131, alt\u0131ndan \u0131rmaklar akan Cennetleri \u00e2m\u00e2de k\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130\u015fte en b\u00fcy\u00fck sa\u00e2det budur.\u201d<\/b> (et-Tevbe, 100)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n \u201cMuhammed Allah\u2019\u0131n ras\u00fbl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Onun yan\u0131ndakiler ise k\u00e2firlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00e7etin, kendi aralar\u0131nda g\u00e2yet merhametlidirler. Onlar\u0131n cemaatle r\u00fck\u00fb ve secde ederek Allah\u2019tan l\u00fctuf ve r\u0131z\u00e2 istedi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn. Onlar\u0131n ni\u015fanlar\u0131 y\u00fczlerindeki secde izidir. Bu, onlar\u0131n Tevrat\u2019taki vas\u0131flar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ncil\u2019deki meselleri ise \u015f\u00f6yledir: Bir ekin, filizini yar\u0131p \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f, gittik\u00e7e onu kuvvetlendirip kal\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, g\u00f6vdesi \u00fczerine dikilmi\u015f ve bu h\u00e2liyle \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin ho\u015funa gitmektedir. Allah <\/b>(onlar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131p kuvvetlendirmekle) k\u00e2firleri \u00f6fkelendirir. Allah onlardan iman edip s\u00e2lih ameller i\u015fleyenlere ma\u011ffiret ve b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fck\u00e2fat v\u00e2detmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/b> (el-Feth, 29)<\/p>\n \u0130mam Malik<\/b> (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n \u201cMuhammed (a.s)\u2019\u0131n ashab\u0131na \u00f6fkelenip kin besleyen kimse k\u00e2firdir; zira \u00ab<\/b>Allah <\/b>(onlar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131p kuvvetlendirmekle) k\u00e2firleri \u00f6fkelendirir\u00bb<\/b>[3]<\/a> \u00e2yet-i kerimesi bunu g\u00f6stermektedir.\u201d (M. Ya\u015far Kandemir, \u015eif\u00e2-i \u015eer\u00eef \u015eerhi,<\/i> II, <\/i>395)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n \u201c<\/b>(Allah\u2019\u0131n verdi\u011fi bu ganimet mallar\u0131,) yurtlar\u0131ndan ve mallar\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan, Allah\u2019tan bir l\u00fctuf ve r\u0131z\u00e2 dileyen, Allah\u2019\u0131n dinine ve Peygamberi\u2019ne yard\u0131m eden fakir Muh\u00e2cirler i\u00e7indir. \u0130\u015fte s\u00e2d\u0131k olanlar bunlard\u0131r. <\/b><\/p>\n Ve onlardan evvel yurdu haz\u0131rlay\u0131p \u00eem\u00e2na sahip \u00e7\u0131kanlar i\u00e7indir ki onlar, kendilerine hicret edenlere muhabbet beslerler, onlara verilenlerden dolay\u0131 i\u00e7lerinde bir kayg\u0131 duymazlar ve kendileri ihtiya\u00e7 i\u00e7inde bile olsalar onlar\u0131 kendilerine tercih ederler. Kim nefsinin cimrili\u011finden korunursa, i\u015fte onlar umduklar\u0131na erenlerdir. <\/b><\/p>\n Ve bunlar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan gelenler i\u00e7indir ki onlar \u015f\u00f6yle derler: \u00abRabbimiz! Bize ve bizden \u00f6nce gelip ge\u00e7mi\u015f \u00eemanl\u0131 karde\u015flerimize ma\u011ffiret buyur, g\u00f6nl\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00eeman edenlere kar\u015f\u0131 kin tutturma! Rabbimiz! \u015e\u00fcphesiz ki sen \u00e7ok \u015fefkatli, \u00e7ok merhametlisin!\u00bb.\u201d <\/b>(el-Ha\u015fr, 8-10) <\/b><\/p>\n B\u00f6ylece Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2, ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2ma hakaret eden ve onlarda kusur arayanlar\u0131 m\u00fcsl\u00fcman saymad\u0131\u011f\u0131, onlar\u0131 \u00e2yette zikredilen \u00fc\u00e7 grubun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tuttu\u011fu i\u00e7in, bu gibilerin fey\u2019den (sava\u015fmaks\u0131z\u0131n gayr-i m\u00fcslim tebaadan al\u0131n\u0131p m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara verilen ganimetten) hi\u00e7bir pay alamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bey\u00e2n etmi\u015ftir.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n Sahabeye bu\u011fzeden ve s\u00f6venleri, bu \u00e2yetlerde bahsedilen gan\u00eemetten mahrum b\u0131rakan \u00e2limlerin, onlar\u0131 dinden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f kabul etti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah Efendimiz (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015flard\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u201c(K\u00e2mil) iman\u0131n al\u00e2meti Ens\u00e2r\u2019a muhabbet beslemek, m\u00fcn\u00e2f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n al\u00e2meti de Ens\u00e2r\u2019a bu\u011fzetmektir.\u201d<\/i> (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u00cem\u00e2n, 10)<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130nsanlar\u0131n en hay\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131 benim asr\u0131mda ya\u015fayanlard\u0131r. Sonra onlar\u0131 t\u00e2kip edenler, sonra da onlar\u0131 t\u00e2kip edenlerdir\u2026\u201d <\/i>(Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Fed\u00e2ilu Ash\u00e2bi\u2019n-Neb\u00ee, 1)<\/p>\n \u201cEns\u00e2r\u2019\u0131 ancak m\u00fc\u2019min olan kimse sever ve onlara ancak m\u00fcn\u00e2f\u0131k olan kimse bu\u011fzeder. Kim Ens\u00e2r\u2019\u0131 severse Allah da onu sever, kim de onlara bu\u011fzederse Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 da ona bu\u011fzeder.\u201d<\/i> (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Men\u00e2k\u0131bu\u2019l-Ens\u00e2r, 4)<\/p>\n \u201cSizlere Ens\u00e2r\u2019a iyi mu\u00e2mele etmenizi tavsiye ederim. Onlar benim cemaatim, s\u0131rda\u015flar\u0131m ve eminlerimdir. \u00dczerlerine d\u00fc\u015fen vaz\u00eefeleri hakk\u0131yla yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Hizmetlerinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise hen\u00fcz tam olarak \u00f6denmemi\u015ftir. (\u00c2hirette fazlas\u0131yla \u00f6denecektir.) Bu sebeple onlar\u0131n iyilerine iyilikle mu\u00e2mele edin, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck yapanlar\u0131n\u0131 da affedin!\u201d\u00a0<\/i>(Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Men\u00e2k\u0131bu\u2019l-Ens\u00e2r, 11)<\/p>\n \u201cAll\u00e2h\u2019a ve \u00e2hirete \u00eem\u00e2n eden kimse, Ens\u00e2r\u2019a bu\u011fzetmesin!\u201d <\/i>(Tirmiz\u00ee, Men\u00e2k\u0131b, 25\/3906)<\/p>\n \u201cAsh\u00e2b\u0131m\u0131n hi\u00e7birine s\u00f6vmeyiniz! Sizden biri Uhud da\u011f\u0131 kadar alt\u0131n inf\u00e2k etse, onlardan birinin bir m\u00fcdd\u2019\u00fcne,<\/i>[6]<\/a> hatt\u00e2 onun yar\u0131s\u0131na bile ula\u015famaz!\u201d <\/i>(Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Ash\u00e2bu\u2019n-Neb\u00ee, 5; M\u00fcslim, Fed\u00e2il, 222)<\/p>\n \u201cAsh\u00e2b\u0131ma s\u00f6vmeyiniz! Ash\u00e2b\u0131ma s\u00f6vmeyiniz! Nefsim yed-i kudretinde olan Z\u00e2t\u2019a yem\u00een ederim ki sizden biri Uhud da\u011f\u0131 kadar alt\u0131n inf\u00e2k etse, onlardan birinin bir m\u00fcdd\u2019\u00fcne, hatt\u00e2 onun yar\u0131s\u0131na bile ula\u015famaz!\u201d <\/i>(M\u00fcslim, Fed\u00e2il, 221)<\/p>\n \u201cAsh\u00e2b\u0131m hakk\u0131nda Allah\u2019tan korkun! Ash\u00e2b\u0131m hakk\u0131nda Allah\u2019tan korkun! Benden sonra onlar\u0131 hedef h\u00e2line getirip haklar\u0131nda k\u00f6t\u00fc s\u00f6z s\u00f6ylemeyiniz! Onlar\u0131 seven, s\u0131rf bana olan muhabbeti sebebiyle sever. Onlara bu\u011fzeden, bana olan bu\u011fzu sebebiyle bunu yapar. Onlara eziyet eden, bana eziyet etmi\u015f, bana eziyet eden ise Allah\u2019a eziyet etmi\u015f olur. Allah\u2019a eziyet edeni ise, \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden Allah cez\u00e2land\u0131r\u0131r.\u201d<\/i> (Tirmiz\u00ee, Men\u00e2k\u0131b, 58\/3862; Ahmed, IV, 87; V, 54, 57)<\/p>\n \u201cAsh\u00e2b\u0131m\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131n, ash\u00e2b\u0131ma s\u00f6vmeyin!\u201d<\/i> (Heysem\u00ee, Mecmau\u2019z-zev\u00e2id,<\/i> X, 21)<\/p>\n [1]<\/a> Bel\u00e2zur\u00ee, Ens\u00e2bu\u2019l-E\u015fr\u00e2f,<\/i> I, 270; \u0130bn-i Abdilber, ed-D\u00fcrer<\/i>, <\/i>s. 90; \u0130bn-i Seyyidinn\u00e2s, I, 321; \u0130bn-i Hab\u00eeb, s. 70.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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