Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem Efendimiz (s.a.v), vahiy n\u00e2zil olduk\u00e7a \u00e2yetleri unutmamak arz\u00fbsuyla acele ederek Cibr\u00eel-i Em\u00een ile beraber okumak isterlerdi. Bu h\u00e2l \u00fczerine \u015fu \u00e2yetler n\u00e2zil oldu:<\/p>\n
\u201cSana vahyedilmesi tamamlanmadan \u00f6nce Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 okumakta acele etme! \u00abRabbim! \u0130lmimi artt\u0131r\u00bb de!\u201d <\/b>(T\u00e2h\u00e2, 114)<\/b><\/p>\n
\u201c<\/b>(Ras\u00fbl\u00fcm!) vahyi \u00e7ar\u00e7abuk almak i\u00e7in dilini k\u0131m\u0131ldatma! \u015e\u00fcphesiz onu toplamak <\/b>(senin kalbine yerle\u015ftirmek) ve onu okutmak bize aittir. O h\u00e2lde, biz onu okudu\u011fumuz zaman sen onun okunu\u015funu takip et!\u201d<\/b> (K\u0131y\u00e2me, 16-18)<\/p>\n
Art\u0131k bun\u00addan sonra Cibr\u00eel-i Em\u00een geldik\u00e7e Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem Efendimiz (s.a.v) susarlar; Cibril (a.s), vahy-i \u00eel\u00e2h\u00ee\u2019yi tam\u00e2men tebli\u011f edip bitirince Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) gelen \u00e2yetleri tam olarak ezberlemi\u015f bulunurlar ve \u00f6ylece til\u00e2vet buyururlard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Nebiyy-i Ekrem (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019in pek \u00e7ok vahiy k\u00e2tibi vard\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 65\u2019e kadar \u00e7\u0131kar. Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019den bir k\u0131s\u0131m geldi\u011finde Efendimiz (s.a.v), k\u00e2tiplerden m\u00fcsait olanlar\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r ve vahyi yazd\u0131r\u0131rlard\u0131.[1]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Onlar da, inen \u00e2yetleri o zaman\u0131n yaz\u0131 malzemelerine yazarlard\u0131. Yazma i\u015flemi bittikten sonra Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), k\u00e2tiplere yazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 okuturlar ve eksikleri varsa d\u00fczeltirlerdi. Daha sonra k\u00e2tip \u00e7\u0131kar vahyi insanlara arzederdi.[2]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Akabinde Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) de inen \u00e2yetleri \u00f6nce erkek sonra da kad\u0131n sah\u00e2b\u00eelere okurlard\u0131.[3]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar da gelen vahyi ezberler, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da yazarak yanlar\u0131nda muhafaza ederlerdi.<\/p>\n K\u0131s\u0131m k\u0131s\u0131m inen \u00e2yet ve s\u00fbrelerin Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n neresine yerle\u015ftirilece\u011fi Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak taraf\u0131ndan bildiriliyor, Cebrail (a.s) bunlar\u0131 Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne tarif ediyor, Efendimiz de k\u00e2tiplerine yazd\u0131r\u0131yorlard\u0131.[4]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n \u015euras\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rdan \u00e7\u0131karmayal\u0131m ki, ilk inen \u00e2yetler, \u201ckalem\u201d<\/b>in ve \u201cyazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sat\u0131rlar\u201d<\/b>\u0131n medh \u00fc sen\u00e2s\u0131na hasredilmi\u015f, yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bilgiler m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131na gelen \u201cKit\u00e2b\u201d<\/b> kelimesi \u00fczerinde \u0131srarla durulmu\u015ftur.[5]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> \u0130\u015fte Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 yaz\u0131yla tesbit etmeye sevkeden \u00e2millerden biri de budur.<\/p>\n N\u00e2zil olan Kur\u2019\u00e2n \u00e2yetlerini yazmak ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok yayg\u0131nd\u0131. Herkes bu i\u015fe d\u00f6rt elle sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yazmay\u0131 bilmeyenler de ellerinde yaz\u0131 malzemeleriyle Efendimiz\u2019in yan\u0131na gelirler, orada bulunan bir sah\u00e2b\u00ee Allah\u2019\u0131n r\u0131z\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak i\u00e7in kalkar ve onun i\u00e7in Mushaf\u2019\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yazar, daha sonra ba\u015fka biri devam eder, nih\u00e2yet yaz\u0131 bilmeyen sah\u00e2b\u00ee i\u00e7in bir Mushaf yaz\u0131verirlerdi.[6]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Bu sebeple Nebiyy-i Ekrem Efendimiz (s.a.v), kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa meydan vermemek i\u00e7in ilk g\u00fcnlerde Kur\u2019\u00e2n ile hadislerin ayn\u0131 yere yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015flard\u0131.[7]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> \u0130lk g\u00fcnlerde hadislerin yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklamalar\u0131n\u0131n bir hikmeti de muhtemelen insanlar\u0131n \u00f6ncelikle Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019e teksif olarak onu g\u00fczelce \u00f6\u011frenmeleri, ba\u015fka \u015feylerle me\u015fgul olmamalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yani \u00e2yetler \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n ilk devirlerinden itibaren hatta m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Kurey\u015f\u2019in zulm\u00fc alt\u0131nda say\u0131s\u0131z s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar i\u00e7inde yeni filizlenen bir toplulukken bile kayda ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. Abese<\/b> s\u00fbresinin 11-16. \u00e2yetlerinde, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n ilk senelerde mevcut \u00e7ok say\u0131daki yaz\u0131l\u0131 metinlerinden (n\u00fcshalar\u0131ndan) bahsedilmektedir. \u0130bn-i Abb\u00e2s<\/b> (r.a) da Mekke\u2019de inen \u00e2yetlerin hemen orada kaydedildi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.[8]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Nitekim ilk senelerde Hz. \u00d6mer <\/b>(r.a), Kur\u2019\u00e2n yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir sahifeyi okuduktan sonra iman etmi\u015ftir.[9]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> R\u00e2fi bin M\u00e2lik<\/b> (r.a) Akabe Bey\u2019at\u0131<\/b>\u2019na kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) o zamana kadar vahyedilmi\u015f t\u00fcm \u00e2yet ve s\u00fbrelerin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 malzemeleri ona teslim etmi\u015flerdi. R\u00e2fi (r.a), Medine\u2019ye d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde kendi mahallesinde in\u015f\u00e2 ettirdi\u011fi ve \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2leminde ilk c\u00e2mi diye bilinen mescidde toplanan m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara bu \u00e2yet ve s\u00fbreleri til\u00e2vet ederdi. Y\u00fbsuf S\u00fbresi\u2019ni de Med\u00eene\u2019ye ilk def\u00e2 R\u00e2f\u00ee getirmi\u015ftir.[10]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n N\u00e2zil olan Kur\u2019\u00e2n \u00e2yet ve s\u00fbreleri; ilk g\u00fcnden beri, namazlarda ve bilhassa uzun uzun k\u0131l\u0131nan tehecc\u00fcdlerde sesli ve sessiz olarak gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz okunuyordu. Ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kiram aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir okuma-yazma ve Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenip ezberleme faaliyeti ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Efendimiz\u2019in te\u015fvik ve gayretleri neticesinde pek \u00e7ok insan Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 ba\u015ftan sona ezberlemi\u015f ve yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu g\u00fczel gayretler g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar artarak devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Efendimiz\u2019in hayat\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda onun Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 her vesileyle okudu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. \u0130nsanlara \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 anlat\u0131rken, ashab\u0131na sohbet ederken, bir meseleyi izah ederken, gece ibadetlerinde Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019dan bir k\u0131s\u0131m okurdu. Kendisi ve ash\u00e2b\u0131, her g\u00fcn d\u00fczenli olarak Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019in yedide birini okumay\u0131 \u00e2det edinmi\u015flerdi.[11]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n Efendimiz (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n \u201cKim geceleyin hizbini veya hizbinden bir k\u0131sm\u0131 okumadan uyursa bunu sabah namaz\u0131 ile \u00f6\u011fle namaz\u0131 ars\u0131nda tamamlas\u0131n! Bu takdirde, sanki gece okumu\u015f gibi ayn\u0131 sev\u00e2ba n\u00e2il olur.\u201d<\/i> (M\u00fcslim, Sal\u00e2t\u00fc\u2019l-M\u00fcs\u00e2fir\u00een, 142)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n All\u00e2h Te\u00e2l\u00e2 can ve mal n\u00eemetlerini birer imtihan sebebi k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bunlarla kendi yolunda cih\u00e2d etmemiz i\u00e7in pek \u00e7ok \u00eekazda bulunmu\u015ftur. Nitekim bu husustaki \u00e2yet-i ker\u00eemelerde \u015f\u00f6yle buyrulur:<\/p>\n \u0644\u064e\u0643\u0650\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0622\u0645\u064e\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0647\u064f \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064e\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0633\u0650\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0627\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0647\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0644\u0650\u062d\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e<\/p>\n \u201cPeygamber ve O\u2019nunla beraber inananlar, mallar\u0131yla ve canlar\u0131yla cih\u00e2d ettiler. \u0130\u015fte b\u00fct\u00fcn hay\u0131rlar onlar\u0131nd\u0131r ve onlar kurtulu\u015fa erenlerin ta kendileridir.\u201d <\/b>(et-Tevbe, 88)<\/b><\/p>\n \u064a\u064e\u0627\u0627\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0622\u0645\u064e\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u064e\u0644\u0652 \u0627\u064e\u062f\u064f\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u062a\u0650\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064d \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062c\u0650\u064a\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0630\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064d \u0627\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064d \u062a\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u062a\u064f\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0641\u0650\u0649 \u0633\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0633\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0630\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064c \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0627\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064f\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e<\/p>\n \u201cEy \u00eem\u00e2n edenler! Sizi ac\u0131 bir azaptan kurtaracak tic\u00e2reti g\u00f6stereyim mi? All\u00e2h\u2019a ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne inan\u0131r, mallar\u0131n\u0131zla ve canlar\u0131n\u0131zla All\u00e2h yolunda cih\u00e2d edersiniz. E\u011fer bilirseniz, bu sizin i\u00e7in daha hay\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/b> (es-Saff, 10-11)<\/p>\n Bir g\u00fcn ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m, Sevgili Peygamberimiz\u2019e:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Y\u00e2 Ras\u00fblall\u00e2h, hay\u0131rl\u0131 insan kimdir?\u201d diye sordular.<\/p>\n Peygamber Efendimiz (s.a.v) de:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Can\u0131 ve mal\u0131 ile All\u00e2h yolunda cih\u00e2d eden m\u00fc\u2019mindir.\u201d <\/i>buyurdular. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Cih\u00e2d, 2; M\u00fcslim, \u0130m\u00e2ret, 122)<\/p>\n \u00c2yet-i ker\u00eemelerde ve had\u00ees-i \u015fer\u00eeflerde if\u00e2de buyrulan mal ve can ile cih\u00e2ddan maksat, yaln\u0131z sil\u00e2hla sava\u015fmak de\u011fildir. Z\u00eer\u00e2 sil\u00e2h, zulm\u00fc kald\u0131rmak, hakk\u0131 tevz\u00ee etmek gibi zar\u00fbret h\u00e2llerinde kullan\u0131lan bir v\u00e2s\u0131tad\u0131r. As\u0131l fetih ise g\u00f6n\u00fcllerin fethidir ki, o, ba\u015fta s\u00f6zl\u00fc ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 tebl\u00ee\u011f olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok v\u00e2s\u0131ta ile \u00eef\u00e2 edilebilir.<\/p>\n Nitekim cih\u00e2d \u00e2yetlerinin \u00e7ok\u00e7a indi\u011fi Mekke d\u00f6neminde m\u00fc\u2019minlerin hen\u00fcz cidd\u00ee bir harp g\u00fcc\u00fc yoktu. Onlar, c\u00e2hiliye insanlar\u0131n\u0131n ter\u00f6r\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 sadece Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek ve \u00f6\u011fretmekle me\u015fgul oluyorlard\u0131. \u0130nsanlarla tek tek ve birebir ilgilenerek onlara Kur\u2019\u00e2n ilimlerini naklediyor ve \u00eem\u00e2n\u0131 telkin ediyorlard\u0131. Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak, onlar\u0131n bu h\u00e2lini \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck cih\u00e2d\u201d<\/b> diye isimlendirmi\u015ftir. \u00c2yet-i ker\u00eemede \u015f\u00f6yle buyrulur:<\/p>\n \u0641\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0650\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u062f\u0652\u0647\u064f\u0645 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u062c\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n \u201cK\u00e2firlere asl\u00e2 boyun e\u011fme! Ve bu <\/b>(Kur\u2019\u00e2n) ile onlara kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir m\u00fcc\u00e2hede \u00f6rne\u011fi sergile!\u201d<\/b> (el-Furk\u00e2n, 52)<\/p>\n \u00c2yette ge\u00e7en \u201c\u062c\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u201d <\/b>t\u00e2biri, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n g\u00e2lip gelmesi, y\u00e2ni insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hid\u00e2yet ve huzur bulmas\u0131 yolunda b\u00fct\u00fcn imk\u00e2n ve kaynaklar\u0131 seferber etmek ve All\u00e2h\u2019\u0131n d\u00eenini y\u00fcceltmek i\u00e7in h\u00e2l ve k\u00e2l ile tebl\u00ee\u011fde bulunmak demektir. \u201cCih\u00e2d\u201d<\/b>da, sava\u015fmaktan \u00f6nce d\u00e2im\u00e2 tebli\u011f, e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim faaliyetleri gelmektedir.<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n O devirdeki Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem e\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretimine d\u00e2ir birka\u00e7 manzara \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n \u0130bn-i Abb\u00e2s (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n \u201cNamaz\u0131nda y\u00fcksek sesle okuma; onda sesini fazla da k\u0131sma; ikisinin aras\u0131 bir yol tut!\u201d<\/b>[12]<\/a> \u00e2yet-i kerimesi, Ras\u00fblullah Efendimiz (s.a.v) Mekke\u2019de gizli hareket ederlerken indi\u00adrildi. Seslerini y\u00fckselttiklerinde m\u00fc\u015frikler bunu i\u015fitir, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019a, onu indirene ve getirene s\u00f6ver, hakaretler ederlerdi. Bunun \u00fczerine Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak:<\/p>\n \u201cNamaz\u0131nda sesini m\u00fc\u015frikler duyacak kadar y\u00fckseltme, ash\u00e2b\u0131n i\u015fitmeyecek kadar da al\u00e7altma! \u0130kisi aras\u0131 bir yol tut! Sesini fazla y\u00fckseltmeden ash\u00e2b\u0131na i\u015fittir ki Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 Sen\u2019den als\u0131nlar, ezberlesinler!\u201d buyurdu. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Tevh\u00eed, 34, Tefs\u00eer, 17\/14)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Eb\u00fb Abdurrahman es-S\u00fclem\u00ee<\/b> \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v)\u2019in ash\u00e2b\u0131ndan bizlere Kur\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim t\u00e2lim eden biri vard\u0131. \u015e\u00f6yle dedi:<\/p>\n \u201cBiz, Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019den on \u00e2yet al\u0131r, bunlardaki bilgileri ve amelleri \u00f6\u011frenmeden di\u011fer on \u00e2yete ge\u00e7mezdik. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) bize hem ilim hem de ameli (birlikte) \u00f6\u011fretirdi.\u201d (Ahmed, V, 410; Heysem\u00ee, I, 165)<\/p>\n \u2026Bizden sonra Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019a \u00f6yle bir topluluk v\u00e2ris olacak ki onu su i\u00e7er gibi i\u00e7ecekler ama i\u00e7tikleri -elini bo\u011faz\u0131na koyarak- i\u015fte buray\u0131 ge\u00e7meyecek.\u201d (\u0130bn-i Sa\u2019d, Tabak\u00e2t,<\/i> VI, 172; \u0130bn-i Eb\u00ee \u015eeybe, Musannef<\/i>, X, 460)<\/p>\n Peygamber (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019in Kur\u2019\u00e2n t\u00e2limindeki metodu, \u00f6\u011fretilecek yerleri k\u0131s\u0131mlara ay\u0131rmakt\u0131. Bir k\u0131s\u0131m be\u015f \u00e2yeti a\u015fmazd\u0131. Bir rivayette 10 ayet denilmi\u015ftir. Ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m, Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019den bu \u00e2yetlerin nass\u0131n\u0131 ezberler, ed\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131n ve k\u0131raatinin nas\u0131l oldu\u011funu ve bu \u00e2yetlerdeki ilim ve ameli \u00f6\u011frenirlerdi.<\/p>\n \u0130bn-i \u00d6mer<\/b> (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n \u201cRas\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019e ne zaman bir s\u00fbre n\u00e2zil olsa biz mutlaka o s\u00fbrenin i\u00e7indeki emirleri, nehiyleri, sak\u0131nd\u0131rmalar\u0131, hel\u00e2li ve har\u00e2m\u0131 bilirdik. \u015eimdi ise ki\u015fi bir s\u00fbreyi ba\u015f\u0131ndan sonuna kadar okuyor da ahk\u00e2m\u0131ndan bir \u015fey bilmiyor!\u201d (M\u00e2verd\u00ee, el-H\u00e2vi\u2019l-keb\u00eer,<\/i> Beyrut 1419, II, 352; Ayn\u00ee, Umdet\u00fc\u2019l-k\u00e2r\u00ee,<\/i> V, 203)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Allah\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v), Mekke devrinin \u00e7ileli g\u00fcnlerinde insanlar\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a d\u00e2vet ederken, \u00f6nceki \u00fcmmetlerin k\u0131ssalar\u0131<\/b>n\u0131 da anlatarak onlardan ibret al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 isterlerdi. O g\u00fcnlerde Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) bir mecliste otururlar, oradakileri Allah\u2019a \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rlar, onlara Kur\u2019\u00e2n okurlar ve onlar\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015f \u00fcmmetlerin ba\u015f\u0131na gelenlerden sak\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131rlard\u0131. Oradan kalk\u0131p gittiklerinde hemen pe\u015finden Kurey\u015f\u2019in \u015feytanlar\u0131ndan biri olan Nadr bin H\u00e2ris<\/b> gelir, onlara R\u00fcstem<\/b>\u2019den, \u0130sfendiyar\u2019dan ve Pers krallar\u0131ndan hik\u00e2yeler anlat\u0131rd\u0131\u2026 (\u0130bn Hi\u200f\u200f\u200f\u015f\u00e2m, S\u00eeret\u00fc\u2019n-Neb\u00ee,<\/i> I, 381)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m da Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019i \u00f6\u011fretmek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir gayret g\u00f6steriyordu. Zira Ras\u00fblullah Efendimiz (s.a.v);<\/p>\n \u201cSizin en hay\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenen ve \u00f6\u011fretenlerinizdir.\u201d<\/i> buyuruyorlard\u0131. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Fed\u00e2il\u00fc\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n 21)<\/p>\n Bir \u015fah\u0131s, Nebiyy-i Ekrem Efendimiz\u2019e gelmi\u015f ve:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Ey Allah\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc, Allah\u2019\u0131n sana \u00f6\u011frettiklerinden bana da \u00f6\u011fret!\u201d demi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) de onu, kendisine Kur\u2019\u00e2n \u00f6\u011fretmesi i\u00e7in ash\u00e2b\u0131ndan birine g\u00f6nderdiler. O sah\u00e2b\u00ee yeni gelen z\u00e2ta Zilz\u00e2l S\u00fbresi\u2019ni sonuna kadar \u00f6\u011fretti. \u201cKim zerre miktar\u0131 hay\u0131r yapm\u0131\u015fsa onu g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Kim de zerre miktar\u0131 \u015fer i\u015flemi\u015fse onu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u201d<\/b> \u00e2yetlerine gelince, bu ifadelerden son derece m\u00fcteessir olan \u015fah\u0131s, derin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere dald\u0131 ve:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Bu bana yeter\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Bu durum Nebiyy-i Ekrem (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019e haber verilince:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Onu b\u0131rak\u0131n! Zira o hak\u00eekati idrak etti, anlay\u0131\u015f s\u00e2hibi oldu\u201d<\/i> buyurdular. (S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, ed-D\u00fcrr\u00fc\u2019l-mens\u00fbr,<\/i> VIII, 597)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019in huz\u00fbrunda sadece dinin \u00f6\u011fretimi ve \u00fcmmet-i Muhammed\u2019in i\u015fleri konu\u015fulurdu. O hi\u00e7 kimsenin bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda faydas\u0131z bir \u015fey konu\u015fmas\u0131na r\u00e2z\u0131 olmazd\u0131.<\/p>\n Hz. Ali<\/b> (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n \u201cAsh\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m onun huzuruna ilim \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in girer, ilmin tad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olarak \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p gider, her biri Kitap ve S\u00fcnnet\u2019i \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f olarak oradan ayr\u0131l\u0131rlard\u0131.\u201d (K\u00e2d\u00ee Iy\u00e2z, \u015eif\u00e2,<\/i> I, 340)<\/p>\n {<\/p>\n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar t\u00e2rih boyunca Kur\u2019\u00e2n e\u011fitimine pek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ehemmiyet atfetmi\u015flerdir. Zira Allah ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc, insanlar\u0131, bir araya gelerek Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019i okuyup anlamaya te\u015fvik etmektedir.[13]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a> Ras\u00fblullah Efendimiz (s.a.v) bu t\u00fcr gayretlerden Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hakk\u2019\u0131n ziy\u00e2desiyle memn\u00fbn oldu\u011funu \u015f\u00f6yle ifade buyururlar:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2026Bir cemaat, Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n evlerinden bir evde toplan\u0131p Allah\u2019\u0131n kit\u00e2b\u0131n\u0131 okur ve onu aralar\u0131nda m\u00fcz\u00e2kere eder, anlay\u0131p kavramaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlarsa, \u00fczerlerine sek\u00eenet iner ve kendilerini rahmet kaplar. Melekler onlar\u0131 ku\u015fat\u0131rlar. Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 da onlar\u0131 kendi nezdinde bulunanlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda zikreder\u2026\u201d<\/i> (M\u00fcslim, Zikir, 38; \u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Mukaddime, 17)<\/p>\n Abdullah bin Mes\u2019\u00fbd<\/b> (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n \u201cBir g\u00fcn biz Peygamber (s.a.v) Efendimiz ile beraber Min\u00e2\u2019daki bir ma\u011farada bulunuyorduk. O esn\u00e2da, Efendimiz\u2019e Ve\u2019l-M\u00fcrsel\u00e2t S\u00fbresi<\/b> indi. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) bu s\u00fb\u00adreyi okuyor, biz de bu s\u00fbreyi O\u2019nun m\u00fcbarek a\u011fz\u0131ndan taze taze al\u0131yorduk. Efendimiz (s.a.v) hen\u00fcz okumas\u0131n\u0131 bitirmemi\u015flerdi ki birden \u00fczerimize bir y\u0131lan s\u0131\u00e7rad\u0131. Neb\u00ee (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2012\u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcn onu!\u00bb<\/i> buyurdular. Biz s\u00fcratle y\u0131lana do\u011fru davran\u0131nca o ka\u00e7t\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine Peygamber (s.a.v) Efendimiz:<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2012Allah (c.c) sizi onu \u015ferrinden ko\u00adrudu\u011fu gibi onu da sizin \u015ferrinizden korudu!\u00bb<\/i> buyurdular.\u201d (Bkz. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Cez\u00e2\u00fc\u2019s-Sayd, 7; M\u00fcslim, Sel\u00e2m, 137)<\/p>\n Abdullah bin Mes\u2019ud<\/b> (r.a) anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n \u201cNebiyy-i Muhterem (s.a.v), ellerim onun avu\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu halde, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019dan bir s\u00fbre \u00f6\u011fretir gibi bana te\u015fehh\u00fcd\u00fc (Tahiyyat du\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131) \u00f6\u011fretti.\u201d (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u0130st\u00eez\u00e2n, 28)<\/p>\n Abdullah bin Mes\u02bb\u00fbd<\/b>\u2019un \u015fu s\u00f6z\u00fc de ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kiram\u0131n Kur\u2019\u00e2n e\u011fitimine verdikleri ehemmiyeti ne g\u00fczel ortaya koyar:<\/p>\n \u201cKendisinden ba\u015fka il\u00e2h olmayan Allah\u2019a yem\u00een ederim, Allah\u2019\u0131n kit\u00e2b\u0131ndan hi\u00e7bir s\u00fbre indirilmemi\u015ftir ki ben onun nerede ve kimin hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011funu bilmeyeyim. Bir kimsenin Allah\u2019\u0131n Kit\u00e2b\u0131\u2019n\u0131 benden daha iyi bildi\u011fini duysam ve deveyle ona ula\u015fmak da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olsa, hi\u00e7 durmaz hemen yola d\u00fc\u015ferim!\u201d (Buhar\u00ee, Fed\u00e2ilu\u2019l-Kur\u00e2n, 8)<\/p>\n Abdullah bin Mes\u2019\u00fbd<\/b> (r.a) birisine bir \u00e2yet okutur ve:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Bu \u00e2yet, \u00fczerine G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in do\u011fdu\u011fu veya yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde bulunan her \u015feyden daha hay\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r\u201d buyururdu. Bu s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n her \u00e2yeti i\u00e7in tekrar ederdi. (Heysem\u00ee, VII, 166)<\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m, Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) Efendimiz ve ash\u00e2b\u0131n\u0131n muazzam gayretleri neticesinde da\u011flarda ve \u00e7\u00f6llerde ya\u015fayan insanlara kadar ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131:<\/p>\n Eb\u00fb Kat\u00e2de <\/b>ve Ebu\u2019d-Dehm\u00e2 <\/b>(r.a), Beytullah\u2019a \u00e7ok\u00e7a sefer yaparlar, \u00e7ok haccederlerdi. O ikisi \u015f\u00f6yle anlatt\u0131lar:<\/p>\n \u201cBir defas\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6l ehlinden bir ki\u015finin yan\u0131na vard\u0131k. Ona:<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2013Hi\u00e7 Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019den bir \u015fey i\u015fittin mi?\u00bb diye sorduk.<\/p>\n O bedev\u00ee de:<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2013Evet, i\u015fittim\u00bb dedi ve \u015funlar\u0131 anlatt\u0131:<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah Efendimiz (s.a.v) elimi tuttular ve Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n kendisine \u00f6\u011fretti\u011fi \u015feylerden bana \u00f6\u011fretmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Kendilerinden \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fim \u015feyler aras\u0131nda \u015fu m\u00fcb\u00e2rek s\u00f6zleri de vard\u0131:<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2013Sen Allah\u2019tan korkarak (yanl\u0131\u015f) bir \u015feyi terk edersen, Allah (c.c) sana ondan daha hay\u0131rl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 (d\u00fcnyada veya \u00e2hirette) mutlaka ihs\u00e2n eder!\u00bb<\/i>.\u201d (Bkz. Ahmed, V, 78, 79, 363)<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Sa\u011flam Hocadan Ders Almak<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n Abdullah bin Amr, Abdullah bin Mes\u02bb\u00fbd\u2019dan bahsetti ve:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2012Ben onu daima sevece\u011fim. Zira Neb\u00ee (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019in \u015f\u00f6yle buyurduklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fittim:<\/p>\n \u00abKur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 \u015fu d\u00f6rt ki\u015fiden al\u0131n: Abdullah bin Mes\u02bb\u00fbd, S\u00e2lim, Mu\u00e2z ve \u00dcbey bin Ka\u02bbb (r.a)\u00bb<\/i>.\u201d (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Fed\u00e2lil\u00fc\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n, 8)<\/p>\n Bu hadis, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek ve ezberlemek i\u00e7in daha sa\u011flam olan hocay\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n me\u015fruiyetine delildir. Zira Kur\u2019\u00e2n, herkesten \u00f6\u011frenilmez.<\/p>\n Bu hadis Kur\u2019\u00e2n k\u0131raatinin bizzat kurr\u00e2lar\u0131n fem-i muhsinlerinden al\u0131nmas\u0131, talim edilmesi gerekti\u011fine de delildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Ras\u00fblullah r, \u201cKur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 \u015fu d\u00f6rt ki\u015fiden al\u0131n!\u201d<\/i> buyururken sahabe toplulu\u011funa yani Arab\u2019\u0131n en fasihlerine hitap etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Bu hadiste ehl-i Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n sevilmesi gerekti\u011fine de delil vard\u0131r. Kurr\u00e2, h\u00e2f\u0131z, m\u00fcttak\u00ee olanlara ise ayr\u0131 bir al\u00e2ka g\u00f6sterilmelidir. Ayr\u0131ca umum\u00ee olarak fazilet ve ilim ehlini sevmek, iman\u0131n bir al\u00e2metidir. (Abd\u00fc\u2019l-Az\u00eez el-K\u00e2ri, S\u00fcnen\u00fc\u2019l-Kurr\u00e2,<\/i> s. 46-48)<\/p>\n [1]<\/a> Prof. Dr. M. M. el-A\u2019zami, Kur\u2019\u00e2n Tarihi,<\/i> s. 106-107; a.mlf., K\u00fctt\u00e2b\u00fc\u2019n-Neb\u00ee<\/i> (s.a.v), Beyrut 1398, el-Mekteb\u00fc\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [2]<\/a> Bkz. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Fed\u00e2il\u00fc\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n, 4; Tirmiz\u00ee, Men\u00e2k\u0131b, 74\/3954; Ahmed, V, 184; Heysem\u00ee, I, 152.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [3]<\/a> \u0130bn-i \u0130sh\u00e2k, S\u00eeret, <\/i>s. 128.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [4]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer, 2\/45; Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Sal\u00e2t, 120-121\/786; Tirmizi, Tefsir, 9\/3086; Ahmed, IV, 218; Ali el-M\u00fcttak\u00ee, <\/i>II, 16\/2960. Bkz. Mehmet F\u00e2ik Y\u0131lmaz, \u00c2yetler ve S\u00fbreler Aras\u0131ndaki M\u00fcnasebet,<\/i> Ankara 2005.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [5]<\/a> Al\u00e2k, 1-5; Kalem, 1; Bakara, 2; Zuhruf, 2; Duh\u00e2n, 2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [6]<\/a> Beyhak\u00ee, es-S\u00fcnen\u00fc\u2019l-k\u00fcbr\u00e2,<\/i> Beyr\u00fbt: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-\u0130lmiyye 1424, VI, 27.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [7]<\/a> Prof. Dr. M. M. el-A\u2019zami, Kur\u2019\u00e2n Tarihi,<\/i> s. 107-108. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Kur\u2019\u00e2n vahyi ile kendi s\u00f6zleri olan hadisleri birbirinden ay\u0131rmaya \u00e7ok dikkat ediyorlar, \u201cBu Allah\u2019tan gelen vahiydir\u201d, \u201cBu benim kendi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncemdir\u201d diye a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bazen de ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kiram, \u201cBu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce size mi ait, yoksa il\u00e2h\u00ee bir vahiy mi?\u201d diye soruyorlard\u0131. (Bkz. M. Hamidullah, Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem Tarihi,<\/i> s. 15-18)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [8]<\/a> \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019d-Dureys, Fed\u00e2il\u00fc\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n,<\/i> D\u0131me\u015fk 1408, s. 33.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [9]<\/a> \u0130bn-i Hi\u015f\u00e2m, I, 369-371.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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