Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019e m\u00fc\u2019min olarak eri\u015fen ve m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olarak vefat eden ki\u015filere \u201csahab\u00ee\u201d denir. Onlar Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019nden do\u011frudan feyz alma \u015ferefine n\u00e2il olan ve bunun bedelini seve seve \u00f6deyen bahtiyar insanlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sah\u00e2be-i kir\u00e2m \u0130sl\u00e2m i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck fed\u00e2k\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapan alt\u0131n nesil ve en hay\u0131rl\u0131 as\u0131rd\u0131r. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v)\u2019e g\u00f6sterdikleri ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k ve teslimiyetleri, yard\u0131mlar\u0131, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131 ve do\u011fru anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yapt\u0131klar\u0131 h\u00e2rikul\u00e2de gayretleri sebebiyle dinde \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2 onlar\u0131 \u00f6vm\u00fc\u015f, bize \u00f6rnek g\u00f6stermi\u015f, mutedil bir \u00fcmmet olduklar\u0131n\u0131,[1]<\/a> b\u00fcy\u00fck ecirler kazand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131,[2]<\/a> onlardan raz\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve kendileri i\u00e7in ebediyyen kalacaklar\u0131 ve c\u00f6mert\u00e7e r\u0131z\u0131kland\u0131r\u0131lacaklar\u0131 cennetler haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131[3]<\/a> bildirmi\u015ftir. Onlar Allah\u2019a ve Ras\u00fbl\u2019\u00fcne yard\u0131m eden s\u00e2d\u0131k m\u00fcminlerdir, kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 kendilerine tercih etmi\u015f ve bu g\u00fczel vas\u0131flar\u0131 sebebiyle kurtulu\u015fa ermi\u015flerdir.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak onlar hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2026Hicret edenler, memleketlerinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lanlar, Ben\u2019im yolumda eziyete u\u011frayanlar, sava\u015fanlar ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclenlerin g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n\u0131 mutlak\u00e2 \u00f6rtece\u011fim, onlar\u0131 alt\u0131ndan \u0131rmaklar akan cennetlere koyaca\u011f\u0131m. Onlar, Allah taraf\u0131ndan tasavvur edemeyece\u011finiz bir m\u00fck\u00e2f\u00e2ta kavu\u015facaklar. M\u00fck\u00e2f\u00e2t\u0131n en g\u00fczeli Allah kat\u0131ndad\u0131r.\u201d<\/em>[5]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Onlar Allah\u2019\u0131n dinine hizmet etmek i\u00e7in her \u015feyi g\u00f6ze ald\u0131lar. B\u00fct\u00fcn fedak\u00e2rl\u0131klar\u0131 yapt\u0131lar. Vatanlar\u0131n\u0131 terkedip hicret ettiler. Hicretin say\u0131s\u0131z me\u015fakkat ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131na katland\u0131lar. Canlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyup cepheden cepheye ko\u015ftular. Nihayetinde hesaba \u00e7ekilmeden herkesten evvel cennete girmeye hak kazand\u0131lar.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kiram\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu gen\u00e7 idi. Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019in etraf\u0131na ilk \u00f6nce onlar toplanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc gen\u00e7ler daha \u00e7abuk hid\u00e2yeti bulabiliyorlard\u0131, fikirleri hen\u00fcz s\u00e2bitle\u015fmemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sah\u00e2be-i kir\u00e2m gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fler ba\u015far\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) de onlara b\u00fcy\u00fck vazifeler veriyordu. Onlar\u0131 imam, m\u00fcezzin, kad\u0131, sancaktar, kumandan ve v\u00e2li tayin ediyordu, krallara el\u00e7i olarak g\u00f6nderiyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2 onlar\u0131n h\u00e2lini ne g\u00fczel tasvir eder:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cMuhammed Allah\u2019\u0131n el\u00e7isidir. Beraberinde bulunanlar da k\u00e2firlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7etin, kendi aralar\u0131nda merhametlidirler. Onlar\u0131 r\u00fck\u00fbya var\u0131rken, secde ederken g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn. Allah\u2019tan l\u00fctuf ve r\u0131za isterler. Onlar\u0131n ni\u015fanlar\u0131 y\u00fczlerindeki secde izidir. Bu, onlar\u0131n Tevrat\u2019taki vas\u0131flar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130ncil\u2019deki vas\u0131flar\u0131 da \u015f\u00f6yledir: Onlar filizini yar\u0131p \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f, gittik\u00e7e onu kuvvetlendirerek kal\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, g\u00f6vdesi \u00fczerine dikilmi\u015f bir ekine benzerler ki bu, ekicilerin de ho\u015funa gider. Allah b\u00f6ylece onlar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131p kuvvetlendirmekle k\u00e2firleri \u00f6fkelendirir. Allah onlardan iman edip s\u00e2lih ameller i\u015fleyenlere ma\u011ffiret ve b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fck\u00e2fat vaad etmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/em>[7]<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00e2bi\u00eenin me\u015fhur \u00e2lim ve z\u00e2hidlerinden Hasan Basr\u00ee<\/strong> Hazretleri\u2019ne:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2012Bize Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v)\u2019in ash\u00e2b\u0131n\u0131n vas\u0131flar\u0131ndan bahsedebilir misin!\u201d dediler. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcstad ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m\u0131n zikrini i\u015fitince g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131na h\u00e2kim olamad\u0131. Bir m\u00fcddet a\u011flad\u0131ktan sonra \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2012Onlar\u0131n s\u00eem\u00e2lar\u0131nda, hallerinde, hareketlerinde hep hay\u0131r ve sad\u00e2kat al\u00e2metleri zuh\u00fbr etmi\u015fti. \u0130ktis\u00e2da ri\u00e2yetle s\u00e2de giyinirlerdi. Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fleri m\u00fctev\u00e2z\u0131 idi. Konu\u015ftuklar\u0131 \u015feyleri ya\u015farlard\u0131. Yedikleri ve i\u00e7tikleri hep hel\u00e2l u ho\u015f idi. \u0130taat ederek Rablerine boyun e\u011ferlerdi. Ho\u015flar\u0131na gitse de gitmese de hakk\u0131 kabul ederlerdi. \u00dczerlerindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn haklar\u0131 sahiplerine tam olarak verirlerdi. G\u00fcnd\u00fczleri oru\u00e7lu ge\u00e7irirlerdi. Bedenleri nahifle\u015fmi\u015fti. Allah\u2019\u0131n r\u0131z\u00e2s\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kullar\u0131n gazab\u0131n\u0131 hafif g\u00f6r\u00fcrlerdi. \u00d6fke \u00e2n\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131ya gitmez ve zulmetmezlerdi. Allah\u2019\u0131n Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019daki ahk\u00e2m\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fnemezlerdi. Dillerini zikirle me\u015fgul ederlerdi. \u00abAllah\u2019\u0131n d\u00eenine yard\u0131m edin!\u00bb denildi\u011finde kanlar\u0131n\u0131 c\u00f6mert\u00e7e bezlederlerdi. Allah i\u00e7in bor\u00e7 istendi\u011finde mallar\u0131n\u0131 c\u00f6mert\u00e7e sarfederlerdi. Mahl\u00fbk\u00e2ttan korkmazlard\u0131. Ahl\u00e2klar\u0131 g\u00fczel idi. D\u00fcnyev\u00ee ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00e2yet az idi. \u00c2hireti kazanabilmeleri i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyadan az bir mal onlara kif\u00e2yet ederdi.\u201d[8]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Sah\u00e2b\u00eelerin amelleri, ahl\u00e2klar\u0131 ve i\u00e7 g\u00fczellikleri s\u00eemalar\u0131na yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Y\u00fczlerini g\u00f6renler Allah\u2019\u0131 hat\u0131rl\u0131yorlard\u0131. \u0130mam M\u00e2lik<\/strong> (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cBana ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re Hristiyanlar \u015eam\u2019\u0131 fetheden sah\u00e2be-i kir\u00e2m\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00ab\u2013Vallahi bunlar, bize ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla hav\u00e2r\u00eelerden daha hay\u0131rl\u0131lar!\u00bb demi\u015fler ve do\u011fru da s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir.\u201d[9]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Nakledildi\u011fine g\u00f6re Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v)\u2019in ash\u00e2b\u0131 ve onlar\u0131 ihs\u00e2n \u00fczere t\u00e2kip eden t\u00e2bi\u00een \u015fu be\u015f \u015fey \u00fczere idiler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n toplulu\u011fu ile beraber olmak,<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. S\u00fcnnete ittib\u00e2 etmek,<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. Camiyi imar etmek (cemaate devam etmek),<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4. Kur\u2019\u00e2n okumak,<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5. Allah yolunda cih\u00e2d etmek.\u201d[10]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Onlar bu \u00fcmmetin gen\u00e7 y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 ve emniyeti idi. Eb\u00fb M\u00fbs\u00e2 (r.a) anlat\u0131yor: \u201cRas\u00fblullah (s.a.v) ile birlikte ak\u015fam namaz\u0131 k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Kendi kendimize: \u201cBeklesek de yats\u0131y\u0131 da onunla birlikte k\u0131lsak\u201d dedik ve oturduk. Derken Efendimiz (s.a.v) yan\u0131m\u0131za gelerek:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Hala burada m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?\u201d<\/em> buyurdu. Biz de:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Y\u00e2 Ras\u00fblallah, sizinle birlikte ak\u015fam namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131k. Sonra \u00abBekleyelim de yats\u0131y\u0131 da sizinle birlikte k\u0131lal\u0131m\u00bb dedik!\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013\u0130yi yapm\u0131\u015fs\u0131n\u0131z!\u201d<\/em> veya \u201cis\u00e2bet etmi\u015fsiniz\u201d<\/em> buyurdu ve ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 semaya kald\u0131rd\u0131. Zaten ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k\u00e7a semaya kald\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. Sonra \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar sem\u00e2n\u0131n emniyetidir. Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar gitti mi, vaad edilen \u015fey sem\u00e2ya gelir. Ben de ashab\u0131m i\u00e7in bir emniyetim. Ben gittim mi, onlara vaad edilen \u015fey gelecektir. Ashab\u0131m da \u00fcmmetim i\u00e7in bir emniyettir. Ashab\u0131m gitti mi \u00fcmmetime vaad edilen \u015fey gelir.\u201d<\/em>[11]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Yine Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cAsh\u00e2b<\/em>\u0131<\/em>mdan biri bir b\u00f6lgede vef\u00e2t ederse, K\u0131y\u00e2met g\u00fcn\u00fc mutlaka o b\u00f6lge ah\u00e2lisi i\u00e7in (cennete sevkeden) bir rehber ve (yollar<\/em>\u0131<\/em>n<\/em>\u0131<\/em> ayd<\/em>\u0131<\/em>nlatan) bir n\u00fbr olarak diriltilir!\u201d[12]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e2s\u0131l\u0131 onlar \u0130sl\u00e2m ile fel\u00e2h buldular, hak\u00eek\u00ee m\u00fc\u2019min oldular, kalblerini imanla s\u00fcslediler, takv\u00e2ya erdiler, en hay\u0131rl\u0131 topluluk oldular, ad\u00e2lette zirveye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar, Allah yolunda infak ve cih\u00e2d ettiler, zorluklara kahramanca g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs gerdiler, Allah\u2019\u0131n r\u0131z\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131racak amellere ko\u015ftular, karde\u015flik destan\u0131 yazd\u0131lar ve b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcmmete \u00f6rnek oldular. Rad\u0131yall\u00e2hu anh\u00fcm ecma\u00een.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [1]<\/a> el-Bakara 2\/143.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [2]<\/a> \u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n 3\/172, 173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [3]<\/a> et-Tevbe 9\/100; el-Enf\u00e2l 8\/74.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [4]<\/a> el-Ha\u015fr 59\/8-9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [5]<\/a> \u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n 3\/195.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [6]<\/a> Ahmed, XI, 133\/6571; H\u00e2kim, el-M\u00fcstedrek,<\/em> II, 80\/2389.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [7]<\/a> el-Feth 48\/29.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [8]<\/a> Eb\u00fb Nuaym, Hilye<\/em>, II, 150.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [9]<\/a> \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, Tefs\u00eer<\/em>, XIII, 134 (el-Feth 48\/29).<\/p>\n\n\n\n [10]<\/a> Eb\u00fb Nuaym, Hilye<\/em>, VI, 142.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [11]<\/a> M\u00fcslim, Fed\u00e2ilu\u2019s-Sah\u00e2be 207.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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