{"id":16630,"date":"2023-01-26T21:50:48","date_gmt":"2023-01-26T19:50:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=16630"},"modified":"2023-01-26T21:50:54","modified_gmt":"2023-01-26T19:50:54","slug":"davet-ilmi-metodolojisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=16630","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e2vet \u0130lmi Metodolojisi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Do\u00e7. Dr. Murat Kaya<\/strong>*<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davet \u0130lmi yeni bir ilim olmas\u0131 sebebiyle onunla ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak ve yazman\u0131n bir tak\u0131m zorluklar\u0131 vard\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu zorluklara ra\u011fmen biz bu ilmin tarifi, ana konular\u0131, gayesi, temelleri, metotlar\u0131 gibi baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli konular \u00fczerinde durmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Davet \u0130lmi\u2019nin Tarifi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Son d\u00f6nem \u00e2limleri taraf\u0131ndan \u201c\u0130lm\u00fc\u2019d-Da\u02bbve ila\u2019ll\u00e2h\u201d, \u201cUs\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019d-Da\u02bbve\u201d, \u201cMen\u00e2hic\u00fc\u2019d-Da\u02bbve\u201d, \u201cF\u0131khu\u2019d-Da\u02bbve\u201d gibi muhtelif isimlerle an\u0131lan Davet \u0130lmi, farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde tarif edilmi\u015ftir. Bu tariflerin ikisi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cDavet \u0130lmi, insan\u0131n h\u00e2l ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve hak ve vazifelerinin takriri i\u00e7in konulmu\u015f eksiksiz k\u00e2ideler b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u201d[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cDavet \u0130lmi, insanlar\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a ula\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 hedefleyen, akide, \u015feriat ve ahl\u00e2k\u0131 ihtiva eden muhtelif ilm\u00ee gayretlerin kendisiyle bilindi\u011fi bir ilimdir…\u201d[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu tariflerin ilki \u00e7ok uzak, ikincisi de zay\u0131f kalmaktad\u0131r. Davet \u0130lmi\u2019nin \u00e7er\u00e7evesini en iyi \u00e7izen tarif Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee\u2019nin \u015fu tarifidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cDavet \u0130lmi, kendisiyle insanlara \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 ula\u015ft\u0131rma, \u00f6\u011fretme ve tatb\u00eekinin yap\u0131labildi\u011fi k\u00e2ide ve usuller b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u201d[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davet \u0130lmi, d\u00eenin en g\u00fczel ve en tesirli \u015fekilde nas\u0131l tebli\u011f edilece\u011fini \u00f6\u011fretir, davet\u00e7ilerin dayanaca\u011f\u0131 esaslar\u0131, takip edecekleri metotlar\u0131 ortaya koyar, r\u00fck\u00fcnlerinin tesisi ve k\u00e2idelerinin k\u00f6kle\u015ftirilmesiyle tebli\u011f f\u0131kh\u0131n\u0131 tespit eder.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Davet \u0130lmi\u2019nin Ana Konular\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cDavet\u201d, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n insanlara ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00f6\u011fretilmesi ve hayata tatbik edilmesidir. Bu durumda Davet\u2019in konusu da genel olarak Davet\u00e7inin tebli\u011f etmeye, \u00f6\u011fretmeye ve uygulamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c\u0130sl\u00e2m\u201dd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davet \u0130lmi\u2019nin konusu ise davet\u00e7inin vazifesini hakk\u0131yla yapabilmesi i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn ilm\u00ee meseleler, k\u00e2ide ve usullerdir. Onun konusu, Davet \u0130lmi\u2019ni tedris eden \u00f6\u011frencilerin okudu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn ilm\u00ee konular ve bu ilmi elde edebilmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc derslerdir. Bu konular\u0131 \u015fu birka\u00e7 maddede tafsil edebiliriz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Davet Tarihi: Bu konu, davetin do\u011fu\u015funu ve Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v)\u2019den veya Hz. \u00c2dem\u2019den g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar geli\u015fimini inceler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Davet Us\u00fbl\u00fc: Bu konu davetin delillerini, kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve r\u00fck\u00fcnlerini ele al\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Davet Metotlar\u0131: Bu konu davet planlar\u0131n\u0131 ve onun i\u00e7in belirlenmi\u015f sistemleri ele al\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Davet \u00dcsl\u00fbbu (Y\u00f6ntemi): Davet metotlar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l tatbik edilece\u011fini inceler ve a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Davet V\u00e2s\u0131talar\u0131: Davet\u00e7ilerin davet yolunda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu \u015feyleri inceler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Davetin Problemleri ve Engelleri: Davet\u00e7inin bu yolda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131 problemleri, d\u00e2hil\u00ee ve h\u00e2ric\u00ee engelleri ve bunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Davet\u00e7ilerin Ahl\u00e2k\u0131 ve Hayat Hik\u00e2yeleri: Ba\u015fta peygamberler olmak \u00fczere sahabe ve s\u00e2lih \u00e2limlerin g\u00fczel ahl\u00e2k ve faziletli davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 devaml\u0131 okunup anlat\u0131larak onlar\u0131n \u00f6rnek al\u0131nmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bu ana konulara d\u00e2hil olmakla birlikte Davet \u0130lmi\u2019nin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken baz\u0131 konular\u0131 da \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Tebli\u011f ve davetle ilgili kavramlar\u0131 belirleyip a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Allah ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn insanlara tebli\u011f, davet, emr bi\u2019l-m\u00e2ruf ve nehiy ani\u2019l-m\u00fcnker vazifelerini verdi\u011fini, bunlar\u0131n ehemmiyetini ve faziletini tafsilat\u0131yla anlat\u0131r. Davet vazifesini yapanlar\u0131n n\u00e2il olaca\u011f\u0131 ecir ve m\u00fck\u00e2fat\u0131 beyan ederek insanlar\u0131 buna te\u015fvik eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Davet\u00e7inin temel vas\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131 ve zamana g\u00f6re kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6zelliklerini belirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Davete muhatap olan insanlar\u0131n durumlar\u0131n\u0131 inceler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0130nsan psikolojisini inceleyerek farkl\u0131 muhataplara nas\u0131l davran\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fiyle ilgili bilgiler sunar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Di\u011fer din ve hareketlerin tebli\u011f ve davet metotlar\u0131n\u0131 inceler, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fckleri sinsi planlar\u0131 tespit eder ve onlara kar\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l tav\u0131r al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Yeni geli\u015ftirilen ileti\u015fim teknik ve vas\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyerek davet\u00e7ilerin bunlar\u0131 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n yolunu a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Davet esnas\u0131nda yap\u0131lan hatalar\u0131 tespit ederek bunlar\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesi i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenleri ortaya koyar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Davet \u0130lmi\u2019nin G\u00e2yesi ve \u00d6nemi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Davet \u0130lmi\u2019nin gayesi, insanlar\u0131 Allah\u2019a \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmak gibi en \u00f6nemli bir faaliyetin ilim ve basiretle, maksada ula\u015ft\u0131ran en tesirli metotlarla yap\u0131labilmesini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Rastgele, plans\u0131z, programs\u0131z ve bilgisizce yap\u0131lan davet faaliyetlerinin faydas\u0131 asgar\u00ee seviyede kalaca\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00e7o\u011fu zaman zararl\u0131 neticeler de verebilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu vazifenin en g\u00fczel \u015fekilde yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in m\u00fcstakil bir ilmin te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmesi zar\u00fbr\u00eedir. Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cDe ki: \u0130\u015fte benim yolum bu, ben ve bana t\u00e2bi olanlar basiret \u00fczere Allah\u2019a davet ederiz\u2026\u201d<\/em>[6]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fte Davet \u0130lmi tebli\u011f ve davet faaliyetlerinin en g\u00fczel \u015fekilde yap\u0131larak \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlara ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00e2ye edinmi\u015ftir. Bu g\u00e2yenin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde ilmin \u00f6nemi de kendili\u011finde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Davet \u0130lmi\u2019nin Di\u011fer \u0130limlerle Al\u00e2kas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Davet \u0130lmi\u2019nin pek \u00e7ok ilimle al\u00e2kas\u0131 vard\u0131r. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce ak\u00e2id, kel\u00e2m, f\u0131k\u0131h, hadis, tefsir, siyer gibi di\u011fer \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee ilimlerle i\u00e7 i\u00e7edir, onlarla s\u0131k\u0131 bir ba\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. Her birinden yard\u0131m ve destek al\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok ilimle de m\u00fcnasebeti vard\u0131r. Mesel\u00e2 psikoloji, sosyoloji, e\u011fitim, ileti\u015fim gibi ilim dallar\u0131n\u0131n verilerinden istifade ederek tebli\u011f ve davetteki insan unsurunu tan\u0131r ve davet\u00e7ilerin hedefine basiretle y\u00fcr\u00fcmesini sa\u011flar. T\u00e2rih ve Co\u011frafya\u2019n\u0131n verilerini davet a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri inceleyerek tebli\u011f ve davetin o k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ya\u015fayan insanlara ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n en s\u00e2lim yolunu bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ses kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve konu\u015fma sanat\u0131yla ilgilenerek tebli\u011f ve davetin en g\u00fczel \u00fcslupla sunulmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Davet\u00e7inin yanl\u0131\u015f bir i\u015f yapmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in hukuk alan\u0131nda genel bir malumat sahibi olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Davet \u0130lmi\u2019nin Temelleri ve Kaynaklar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Us\u00fbl<\/em>, l\u00fcgatte k\u00f6k, dip, temel, kaide, kaynak, bir \u015feyin esas\u0131, dayana\u011f\u0131 gibi m\u00e2nalara gelen as\u0131l<\/em> kelimesinin \u00e7o\u011fuludur. Delil, k\u00fcll\u00ee kaide, baz\u0131 din\u00ee ve hukuk\u00ee konularda \u00f6ncelikle gerekli olan husus anlamlar\u0131na da gelir. Us\u00fbl<\/em>, baz\u0131 ilimlere iz\u00e2fetle de kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu durumda, s\u00f6z konusu ilmin \u00f6\u011fretim ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda esas al\u0131nan ve o ilmin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 genel kaideler kastedilir. Bu kaideler bazen m\u00fcstakil bir ilim dal\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur: Us\u00fbl-i f\u0131k\u0131h, us\u00fbl-i had\u00ees, us\u00fbl-i tefs\u00eer gibi.[7]<\/a> Davet \u0130lmi\u2019nin usul ve k\u00e2idelerinin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcme de \u201cUs\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019d-Da\u02bbve\u201d<\/em> ismi verilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davet \u0130lmi\u2019nin us\u00fbl\u00fcn\u00fc, yani dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 temelleri ve kaynaklar\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.1. Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019da Davet \u0130lmi\u2019nin b\u00fct\u00fcn esaslar\u0131n\u0131 bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Davet\u2019in \u00f6nemi, us\u00fbl\u00fc, \u00fcsl\u00fbbu, vakti, hedefleri, davet\u00e7inin vas\u0131flar\u0131, insanlara hitap \u00e7e\u015fitleri muhtelif \u00e2yetlerde ve Kur\u2019\u00e2n k\u0131ssalar\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131r aralar\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Davet \u0130lmi, konular\u0131n\u0131 incelerken \u00f6ncelikle Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019e dayan\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu ilmin ilk kayna\u011f\u0131 Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.2. S\u00fcnnet-i Nebeviyye<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcnnet te\u015fr\u00ee\u02bbde oldu\u011fu gibi Davet \u0130lmi\u2019nin de Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019dan sonraki ikinci kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Hadis-i \u015ferifte \u015f\u00f6yle buyrulur: \u201cSize iki emanet b\u0131rakt\u0131m, onlara s\u0131k\u0131 sar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z m\u00fcddet\u00e7e yolunuzu asla \u015fa\u015f\u0131rmazs\u0131n\u0131z: Allah\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131 ve Peygamberinin s\u00fcnneti.\u201d<\/em>[8]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcnnet-i nebeviyye ya Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de gelen bir \u015feyi beyan ve tafsil eder veya Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade edilmeyen yeni bir h\u00fck\u00fcm koyar.[9]<\/a> Bundan dolay\u0131 Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v)\u2019e itaat, Allah\u2019a itaatle birlikte zikredilmi\u015ftir. Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEy iman edenler! Allah\u2019a itaat edin. Peygamber\u2019e ve sizden olan \u00fcl\u00fclemre (idarecilere, \u00e2limlere) de itaat edin. E\u011fer bir hususta anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015ferseniz -Allah\u2019a ve ahirete ger\u00e7ekten inan\u0131yorsan\u0131z- onu Allah\u2019a ve Ras\u00fbl\u2019e g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcn (onlar\u0131n talimat\u0131na g\u00f6re halledin); bu hem hay\u0131rl\u0131, hem de netice bak\u0131m\u0131ndan daha g\u00fczeldir.\u201d<\/em>[10]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAllah\u2019a itaat edin, Ras\u00fbl\u2019e de itaat edin ve (k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerden) sak\u0131n\u0131n. E\u011fer (itaatten) y\u00fcz \u00e7evirirseniz bilin ki Ras\u00fbl\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn vazifesi apa\u00e7\u0131k duyurmak ve bildirmektir.\u201d<\/em>[11]<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcnnet, Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v)\u2019in davetteki yoludur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla davet\u00e7i de her zaman ona dayan\u0131r ve ondan beslenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u00fcmmetine gerekli olan her \u015feyi \u00f6\u011fretti\u011fi gibi davetin nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, us\u00fbl\u00fcn\u00fc, metodunu ve f\u0131kh\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6\u011fretmi\u015ftir. Had\u00ees-i \u015ferifler bu konular\u0131n beyan\u0131 ile doludur.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.3. S\u00eeret-i Nebeviyye<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u201cS\u00eeret\u201d l\u00fcgatte yol ve insan\u0131n \u00fczerinde bulundu\u011fu h\u00e2l demektir. \u201cFalan\u0131n s\u00eeretini okudum\u201d demek, onun hayat hik\u00e2yesini okumak m\u00e2nas\u0131na gelir. \u00c7o\u011fulu \u201csiyer\u201ddir. S\u00eeret-i nebeviyye, Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn hayat\u0131n\u0131 ve ya\u015fama tarz\u0131n\u0131 bey\u00e2n eder.[13]<\/a> Bu tarife g\u00f6re s\u00eeret, Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v)\u2019in \u015fahsiyetini, \u015fem\u00e2ilini, gazvelerini ve b\u00fct\u00fcn davet hareketlerini kapsamaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle s\u00eeret, us\u00fblc\u00fclerin \u0131st\u0131lah\u0131ndaki s\u00fcnnet-i nebeviyyeden daha geneldir. Hz. Peygamber\u2019in s\u00eereti, Kitab ve s\u00fcnnetin tatb\u00eekidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n ilk davet\u00e7isi olmas\u0131 sebebiyle, onun s\u00eereti davet\u00e7iler i\u00e7in en geni\u015f kaynakt\u0131r. S\u00eeret-i nebeviyye, Kitab ve s\u00fcnnetteki nazar\u00ee bilgilerin tatbiki oldu\u011fundan anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 da \u00e7ok kolayd\u0131r. Bu sebeple davet\u00e7ilerin s\u00eeret-i nebeviyyeyi ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, anlamas\u0131 ve ak\u0131l ve nakil \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ondan istifade etmesi \u015fartt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken davran\u0131\u015f ve hallerden ibarettir. Haller davran\u0131\u015flara e\u015flik eder. Baz\u0131 davet\u00e7iler bu y\u00f6nde kusur g\u00f6sterirler. S\u00eereti yanl\u0131\u015f yerde delil g\u00f6sterir veya onu yanl\u0131\u015f anlarlar. S\u00eeretin do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ince bir i\u015ftir ki bunu en g\u00fczel \u015fekilde ancak \u00e2limler ve istinbat ehli yapabilir.[14]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n tasarruflar\u0131 bir h\u00e2lden di\u011ferine de\u011fi\u015fir. Baz\u0131s\u0131 uyulmas\u0131 gereken bir kanun, baz\u0131s\u0131 da yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015ftan gelen \u015fahs\u00ee bir tasarruf olur. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ondan bazen Allah\u2019tan tebli\u011fde bulunan bir ras\u00fbl, bazen iki hasm\u0131n aras\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131ran bir kad\u0131, bazen devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve komutan s\u0131fat\u0131yla fiiller s\u00e2d\u0131r olur. Bu tasarruflar\u0131n her birinin kendine g\u00f6re delalet ve h\u00fck\u00fcmleri vard\u0131r.[15]<\/a> Davet \u0130lmi Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn bu tasarruflar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyerek davet\u00e7ilerin onlar\u0131 ne \u015fekilde tatbik edebilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00eeret-i nebeviyyenin davet\u00e7iler i\u00e7in ehemmiyetini g\u00f6stermeye Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n \u015fu s\u00f6z\u00fc k\u00e2fidir: \u201cAndolsun ki, Ras\u00fblullah, sizin i\u00e7in, Allah\u2019a ve ahiret g\u00fcn\u00fcne kavu\u015fmay\u0131 umanlar ve Allah\u2019\u0131 \u00e7ok zikredenler i\u00e7in g\u00fczel bir \u00f6rnektir.\u201d<\/em>[16]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.4. Hulef\u00e2-i R\u00e2\u015fid\u00een\u2019in Hayat\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v)\u2019den sonra r\u00e2\u015fid halife olduklar\u0131 hususunda icma edilen kimseler d\u00f6rt tanedir. Bunlar s\u0131ras\u0131yla Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir, \u00d6mer, Osman ve Ali rad\u0131yallahu anh\u00fcm\u2019d\u00fcr. Bu d\u00f6rt imam, yani r\u00e2\u015fid halifeler, sahabenin en faziletlileridir. \u0130mam \u015e\u00e2fi\u02bb\u00ee \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201cSah\u00e2be ve onlara tabi olanlar \u00f6nce Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir\u2019in, sonra Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in, sonra Hz. Osman\u2019\u0131n, sonra da Hz. Ali\u2019nin en faziletli ki\u015fi oldu\u011fu hususunda icma etmi\u015flerdir.\u201d[17]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu halifelerin Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) kat\u0131ndaki yerleri \u00e7ok y\u00fcksektir. Haklar\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok hadis-i \u015ferif v\u00e2rid olmu\u015ftur. Bu sebeple s\u00f6z ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131, bilhassa da \u00fczerinde ittifak ettikleri davran\u0131\u015flar Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v)\u2019in s\u00fcnneti gibi t\u00e2bi olunacak bir s\u0131fat kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSize Allah\u2019tan korkman\u0131z\u0131, ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131za bir k\u00f6le bile idareci olsa dinleyip itaat etmenizi tavsiye ederim. Sizden \u00f6mr\u00fc olanlar pek \u00e7ok ihtilaflar g\u00f6receklerdir. O zaman sizin yapman\u0131z gereken \u015fey, benim ve hid\u00e2yet \u00fczere olan r\u00e2\u015fid halifelerin s\u00fcnnetine s\u0131k\u0131ca sar\u0131lmakt\u0131r, buna b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fczle sar\u0131l\u0131n! Sonradan \u00e7\u0131kan i\u015flerden (bid\u02bbatlerden) sak\u0131n\u0131n. Zira her bid\u02bbat dal\u00e2lettir.\u201d<\/em>[18]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e2\u015fid hal\u00eefelerin s\u00fcnnet ve s\u00eeretleri, Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v)\u2019in s\u00fcnnet ve s\u00eeretinin tabi\u00ee bir devam\u0131 ve Allah ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn metodunun amel\u00ee bir tatbikidir.[19]<\/a> Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Davet \u0130lmi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir kaynak te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.5. Davet\u00e7i ve \u00c2limlerin Tecr\u00fcbeleri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsanl\u0131k t\u00e2rihi boyunca ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve davetle me\u015fgul olmu\u015f bulunan \u00e2lim ve davet\u00e7ilerin tecr\u00fcbeleri ve davet esnas\u0131ndaki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131, davet\u00e7ilerin \u00f6nemli kaynaklar\u0131ndan biridir. Bunlar, davet\u00e7inin yukar\u0131da zikredilen kaynaklar\u0131 anlay\u0131p onlardan h\u00fck\u00fcm \u00e7\u0131karmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu tecr\u00fcbe ve davran\u0131\u015flar, Allah ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn metodunun prati\u011fe d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f h\u00e2li, en g\u00fczel tatbikat\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu tecr\u00fcbeler \u00f6nemli ve \u00e7ok faydal\u0131 olmakla birlikte ikinci derecede kaynak kabul edilir ve bunlardan, daha \u00f6nce zikredilen asl\u00ee kaynaklar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda istifade edilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar be\u015fer\u00ee ictihadlard\u0131r, hatal\u0131 da olabilir isabetli de. E\u011fer \u00e2limler belli bir tecr\u00fcbeyle amel etme hususunda icma ederlerse bu amel delil say\u0131l\u0131r. Bir konuda ihtilaf ederlerse, o mevzu f\u0131kh\u00ee i\u00e7tihatlar gibi de\u011ferlendirilir ve \u00e2limlerin o konu hakk\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zleri ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n yolunu ayd\u0131nlatan ictihad\u00ee g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler olarak kal\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enes b. M\u00e2lik (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201cYery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki \u00e2limler g\u00f6kteki y\u0131ld\u0131zlar gibidir. Kara ve denizin karanl\u0131klar\u0131nda onlarla yol bulunur. Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar s\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde do\u011fru yolda gidenlerin \u015fa\u015f\u0131rmas\u0131 yak\u0131nd\u0131r.\u201d[20]<\/a> \u201c\u00c2limler \u00f6nder, m\u00fcttak\u00eeler efendidirler, onlarla oturmak ki\u015fiyi her y\u00f6nden geli\u015ftirir.\u201d[21]<\/a> \u015e\u00f6yle bir hadis-i \u015ferif de riv\u00e2yet edilmi\u015ftir: \u201c\u00c2limler yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn kandilleri, peygamberlerin halifeleri, benim ve di\u011fer peygamberlerin varisleridir.\u201d[22]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tecr\u00fcbelerinden ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan istifade edilecek \u00e2limlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda sah\u00e2be-i kiram (r.a) gelir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar rabb\u00e2n\u00ee metodu ve hikmetli \u00fcsl\u00fbbu en iyi bilen kimselerdir. Onlar Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) ile beraber bulunmu\u015f, onun davet ahl\u00e2k\u0131n\u0131 bizzat ya\u015fayarak \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015flerdir. Bu da onlar\u0131 insanlar\u0131n en hay\u0131rl\u0131s\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f, onlara \u00fcmmetin \u00e2limleri i\u00e7inde hus\u00fbs\u00ee bir yer kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta baz\u0131 \u00e2limler, sahabe s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc h\u00fcccet ve delil kabul etmi\u015ftir. Sahabeden sonra onlara g\u00fczellikle t\u00e2b\u00ee olan t\u00e2bi\u00een gelir. Onlar ilmi sahabeden alm\u0131\u015f ve onlar\u0131n yolundan gitmi\u015flerdir. Bunlardan sonra \u00fcmmetin farkl\u0131 as\u0131rlardaki \u00e2limleri ve davet\u00e7ileri gelir. Tabak\u00e2t kitaplar\u0131 bu \u00e2limlerin \u00f6rnek hayat hik\u00e2yeleri, tecr\u00fcbeleri ve faziletli davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla doludur.[23]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sah\u00e2be ve t\u00e2bi\u00eenin \u00f6rnek davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00f6ncelikli olmakla birlikte davet\u00e7ilerin, muas\u0131r \u00e2lim ve davet\u00e7ilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tecr\u00fcbeleri de \u00f6nemsiz g\u00f6rmemesi gerekir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlarda, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 zamana daha uygun hadiseler vard\u0131r. Zaman yak\u0131n olduk\u00e7a olay ve hadiseler de birbirine daha \u00e7ok benzer. Mu\u00e2s\u0131r \u00e2limler, o zamanda ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ve o vakitte faydal\u0131 olacak \u00fcsl\u00fbbu daha iyi bilirler.[24]<\/a> Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcn zamanlarda ya\u015fayan \u00e2lim ve davet\u00e7ilerin tecr\u00fcbelerinden istifade etmek gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Davet\u00e7i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Davet \u0130lmi, bir davet\u00e7inin nas\u0131l yeti\u015ftirilmesi ve hangi vas\u0131flara sahip olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Konuyla ilgili ilm\u00ee makaleler ve kitaplar haz\u0131rlar. Sempozyum ve paneller d\u00fczenler, dijital ve g\u00f6rsel malzemeler haz\u0131rlar. \u00c7e\u015fitli e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131nda bunun talim ve tedrisini yapar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davet\u00e7ide olmas\u0131 gereken vas\u0131flar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralan\u0131r: \u0130man, ihl\u00e2s, ak\u0131l, zek\u00e2, ilim, ibadetlere ehemmiyet vermek, Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v)\u2019e iktid\u00e2, z\u00fchd, takv\u00e2\u2026 Zamana ve mek\u00e2na g\u00f6re bunlara ba\u015fka vas\u0131flar da il\u00e2ve edilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davet\u00e7i en g\u00fczel ahl\u00e2k\u00ee vas\u0131flarla donanmal\u0131d\u0131r: S\u00f6zde ve amelde ihl\u00e2s, \u015fecaat, \u00fcmitvar olmak, olumlu bak\u0131\u015f, fedak\u00e2rl\u0131k, c\u00f6mertlik, sab\u0131r, sad\u00e2kat, \u015fefkat, merhamet, ad\u00e2let, affedicilik\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mehmed \u00c2kif Ersoy ne g\u00fczel s\u00f6yler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMuallimim\u201d diyen olmak gerektir imanl\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Edebli, sonra liyakatli, sonra vicdanl\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu d\u00f6rd\u00fc olmadan olmaz: Vazife, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc, b\u00fcy\u00fck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davet \u0130lmi, davet\u00e7ileri \u015fuurland\u0131r\u0131p yapt\u0131klar\u0131 vazifenin ehemmiyetini kavratacak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar da yapar. Bu vazifenin peygamber mesle\u011fi oldu\u011funu, ihlasla yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda faziletinin \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlat\u0131r. Davet\u00e7ilerin en g\u00fczel \u015fekilde terbiye edilece\u011fi yol ve y\u00f6ntemleri ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.1. Davet\u00e7inin \u0130htiya\u00e7 Duydu\u011fu \u0130limler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Davet\u00e7i \u00f6ncelikle davetin konusuyla ilgili \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee ilimleri \u00f6\u011frenmelidir. Ul\u00fbmu\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n, tefsir, hadis, f\u0131k\u0131h, fetv\u00e2 k\u00e2ideleri, Arap\u00e7a gibi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha sonra muhataplar\u0131yla ilgili ilimlerden kendisine yetecek kadar \u00f6\u011frenmelidir. Bunlar t\u00e2rih, co\u011frafya, Arap tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, sosyoloji, psikoloji, dinler tarihi gibi ilimlerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davet\u00e7inin genel k\u00fclt\u00fcre h\u00e2kim olmas\u0131 da \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir husustur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.2. Davet\u00e7inin Uzak Durmas\u0131 Gereken Hat\u00e2lar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Davet \u0130lmi davet\u00e7inin korunmas\u0131 gereken hatalar\u0131 tespit edip sebep ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla birlikte ortaya koyar. Mesel\u00e2 davet\u00e7i acelecilik, \u00fcmitsizlik, ibadetlerde gev\u015feklik gibi hatalardan uzak durmal\u0131d\u0131r. Davet\u00e7i fitneye sebep olmamal\u0131, insanlar\u0131 dinden nefret ettirecek davran\u0131\u015flardan sak\u0131nmal\u0131 ve k\u00f6t\u00fc temsilde bulunmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Davetin Muh\u00e2taplar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Davet \u0130lmi, davetin muhataplar\u0131n\u0131 tasnif eder ve her birine nas\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klar. Buna g\u00f6re davet\u00e7inin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fu gruplar vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunlar \u00fc\u00e7 gruptur: G\u00fcnahk\u00e2rlar, orta halliler ve hay\u0131rda \u00f6nde ko\u015fanlar.[25]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gayr-i m\u00fcslimler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunlar k\u00e2firler, yahudiler, hristiyanlar ve m\u00fcnaf\u0131klardan olu\u015fur. Her birinin \u00e7e\u015fitleri ve dereceleri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Farkl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lardan bak\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a id\u00e2reciler ve halk; erkek, kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuk gibi ba\u015fka tasnifler de yap\u0131labilir. Davet \u0130lmi bu s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n her birine kar\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l bir metot ve \u00fcslup kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hangi v\u00e2s\u0131talardan istifade etmenin daha verimli olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. Emr bi\u2019l-M\u00e2ruf ve Nehy ani\u2019l-M\u00fcnker<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Davet \u0130lmi\u2019nin fer\u02bb\u00ee meselelerinden ve davet v\u00e2s\u0131talar\u0131ndan biri de \u201cemr bi\u2019l-m\u00e2ruf ve nehy ani\u2019l-m\u00fcnker\u201ddir. Davet genel bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 ifade ederken emr bi\u2019l-m\u00e2ruf m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 \u0131slaha y\u00f6nelik daha hus\u00fbs\u00ee bir gayrettir.[26]<\/a> Davet \u0130lmi bu konuyla ilgili derinlemesine ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yaparak gerekli kaideleri ortaya koyar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emr bi\u2019l-m\u00e2rufun bir k\u0131s\u0131m metotlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u00d6\u011fretme ve anlatma<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u0130man\u0131 ve d\u00een\u00ee duygular\u0131 kuvvetlendirme<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. G\u00fczel \u00f6\u011f\u00fct<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u00dclfet, insanlar\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131rma ve hatalar\u0131 \u00f6rtme<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Duygular\u0131 ve hisleri harekete ge\u00e7irme<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Tevbeye te\u015fvik<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Gerekti\u011finde sert s\u00f6zlerle ikaz ve d\u00f6vme<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. \u00c2s\u00eelere had cezas\u0131 uygulama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. \u00c7evreyi de\u011fi\u015ftirme<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. Alternatif sunma\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. Davet Metotlar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Metot, bilinmeyen ger\u00e7eklikleri ke\u015ffetmek veya bilinen ge\u00e7eklikleri ispat etmek i\u00e7in izlenen ilkelerin ve bu maksatla kullan\u0131lacak olan ara\u00e7lar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcne denir. Metot, bir ilmin en temel \u015fart\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan her ilmin asl\u00ee hedefi de k\u00fcll\u00ee ger\u00e7eklikleri ke\u015ffetmek ve ispat etmektir. K\u00fcll\u00ee ger\u00e7eklikleri ke\u015ffetmenin yolu ise ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctmedir. Bundan dolay\u0131 metodun temeli, ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye dayanmaktad\u0131r.[27]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davet \u0130lmi, ara\u015ft\u0131rma, g\u00f6zlem ve tecr\u00fcbelere dayanarak davet faaliyetleri i\u00e7in metotlar ortaya koyar ve mevcut metotlar\u0131 geli\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davet metotlar\u0131 ortaya koyan\u0131 veya kayna\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan iki ana k\u0131sma ayr\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a. Rabb\u00e2n\u00ee Metotlar: Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n Kur\u2019\u00e2n ve s\u00fcnnet yoluyla davet i\u00e7in koydu\u011fu metotlard\u0131r. Bunlar hatadan korunmu\u015f metotlar olup di\u011fer b\u00fct\u00fcn davet metotlar\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b. Be\u015fer\u00ee Metotlar: Bunlar, davet\u00e7i ve \u00e2limlerin, i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131yla, rabb\u00e2n\u00ee metotlar\u0131 tatbik ederek ve onlara dayanarak davetin herhangi bir y\u00f6n\u00fcyle ilgili ortaya koyduklar\u0131 metotlard\u0131r. Bunlar, metodu ortaya koyan kimselerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamana ve davet ettikleri ki\u015filerin \u015fartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. T\u0131pk\u0131 herhangi bir ictih\u00e2d\u00ee mesele gibi bu metotlar\u0131n da do\u011fru ve yanl\u0131\u015f olma ihtimali vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konusu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan davet metotlar\u0131, davetin ihtiva etti\u011fi konulara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitlilik arz eder. Bunun sebebi, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee davetin insan hayat\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6nlerini kapsamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davet metotlar\u0131 tabiat\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hus\u00fbs\u00ee-um\u00fbm\u00ee, ferd\u00ee-toplumsal, nazar\u00ee-tatb\u00eek\u00ee ve benzeri \u00e7e\u015fitlere ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130sl\u00e2m bu um\u00fbm\u00ee, hus\u00fbs\u00ee ve di\u011fer metotlar i\u00e7in pek \u00e7ok misaller getirmi\u015ftir. Mesel\u00e2 vacip olarak gecenin tamam\u0131nda veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda tehecc\u00fcde kalkmak, Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v)\u2019e has bir ibadet metodudur.[28]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davet metotlar\u0131, dayanaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00e7e\u015fitlere ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bu, insan f\u0131trat\u0131n\u0131n kalp, ak\u0131l ve histen olu\u015fan \u00fc\u00e7 dayana\u011f\u0131na istinad eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kalbe dayal\u0131 metotlar \u201cduygusal metot\u201d, akla dayal\u0131 metotlar \u201cakl\u00ee metot\u201d, duyulara dayal\u0131 olanlar da \u201chiss\u00ee\u201d veya \u201ctecr\u00fcb\u00ee metot\u201d diye isimlendirilir.[29]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.1. Duygusal Metot<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kalbe dayanan, \u015fuur ve vicdan\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7iren davet \u015fekillerinin toplam\u0131 duygusal metodu olu\u015fturur. Duygusal metodun \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan \u015fekilleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.1.1. Mev\u02bb\u0131za-i Hasene (G\u00fczel \u00d6\u011f\u00fct) Y\u00f6ntemi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Bunun \u015fekilleri \u00e7oktur. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Hitabet<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) Allah\u2019\u0131n kullar\u0131na l\u00fctfetti\u011fi ve \u015f\u00fckr\u00fc gerektiren nimetleri hat\u0131rlatmak<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) Davet\u00e7inin muhatab\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6vmesi veya yermesi. Bu da onun hus\u00fbsiyetlerini ve meziyetlerini veya ay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 ve hatalar\u0131n\u0131 zikrederek olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4) Te\u015fvik etme, korkutma, sevap ve cezan\u0131n zikredilmesi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5) Yard\u0131m ve muzafferiyet va\u02bbdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6) Duygusal ve tesirli k\u0131ssalar anlatmak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ve benzeri y\u00f6ntemler mev\u02bb\u0131za-i haseneye d\u00e2hildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c(Ras\u00fbl\u00fcm!) Sen, Rabbinin yoluna hikmet ve g\u00fczel \u00f6\u011f\u00fctle \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u2026\u201d<\/em>[30]<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.1.2. Muh\u00e2taplara \u015eefkat ve Merhamet G\u00f6stermek<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Bu da tesirli ve ho\u015f s\u00f6zler s\u00f6ylemekle olur, \u201cbabac\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u201d, \u201cyavrucu\u011fum\u201d, \u201cey kavmim\u201d gibi s\u00f6zlerle hitap etmek, davet\u00e7inin muhataplar\u0131na \u201cseni seviyorum\u201d, \u201csenin i\u00e7in endi\u015feleniyorum\u201d gibi s\u00f6zler s\u00f6ylemesi buna misaldir. Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSen onlara s\u0131rf Allah\u2019\u0131n lutfu sayesinde yumu\u015fak davrand\u0131n. E\u011fer kaba, kat\u0131 kalpli olsayd\u0131n, hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz etraf\u0131ndan da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r giderlerdi<\/em>…\u201d<\/em>[31]<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.1.3. \u0130htiya\u00e7lar\u0131 Gidermek, Yard\u0131mda Bulunmak, Hizmet Etmek<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Bu y\u00f6ntem, ihtiya\u00e7lara, yap\u0131lan yard\u0131mlara, bunlar\u0131n madd\u00ee veya m\u00e2nev\u00ee, az veya \u00e7ok olmas\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7e\u015fitlilik arzeder.[32]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.2. Akl\u00ee Metot<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Akla dayanan; tefekk\u00fcr, tedebb\u00fcr ve ibret almaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran davet metotlar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131d\u0131r. Akl\u00ee muh\u00e2kemeler ve b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0131yas \u015fekilleri buna d\u00e2hildir. Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYeminlerini bozan, peygamberi s\u00fcr\u00fcp \u00e7\u0131karmaya karar veren ve size kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 ilk ba\u015flatan toplulu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fmaktan geri mi duracaks\u0131n\u0131z? Yoksa onlardan korkuyor musunuz! H\u00e2lbuki as\u0131l \u00e7ekinmeniz gereken Allah\u2019t\u0131r; e\u011fer y\u00fcrekten inan\u0131yorsan\u0131z.\u201d[33]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cedel, m\u00fcn\u00e2zara, diyalog, darb-\u0131 meseller kullanmak veya halk aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olan temsilleri anlatmak, akl\u00ee y\u00f6n\u00fc galip olan ve ibret al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken k\u0131ssalar anlatmak akl\u00ee metodun \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan y\u00f6ntemleridir.[34]<\/a> Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAndolsun onlar\u0131n k\u0131ssalar\u0131nda ak\u0131l sahipleri i\u00e7in ibretler vard\u0131r\u2026\u201d[35]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026\u015eimdi sen bu k\u0131ssay\u0131 anlat, umulur ki iyice d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler.\u201d[36]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.3. Tecr\u00fcb\u00ee Metot<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Duyulara, m\u00fc\u015fahede ve tecr\u00fcbelere dayanan davet y\u00f6ntemlerinin toplam\u0131na tecr\u00fcb\u00ee metot denir. Bu metotla, duyular somut \u015feylere y\u00f6neltilerek bir kanaat olu\u015fturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n \u015fu s\u00f6z\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu gibi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKesin olarak inananlar i\u00e7in yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde \u00e2yetler vard\u0131r. Kendi nefislerinizde de \u00f6yle. G\u00f6rm\u00fcyor musunuz? Semada da r\u0131zk\u0131n\u0131z ve size v\u00e2dedilen ba\u015fka \u015feyler vard\u0131r. G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcn ve yerin Rabbine andolsun ki bu vaad, sizin konu\u015fman\u0131z gibi kesin ve ger\u00e7ektir.\u201d[37]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0130nsanlara ufuklarda ve kendi nefislerinde \u00e2yetlerimizi g\u00f6sterece\u011fiz ki onun (Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n) ger\u00e7ek oldu\u011fu, onlara iyice belli olsun. Rabbinin her \u015feye \u015fahit olmas\u0131, yetmez mi?\u201d[38]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tecr\u00fcb\u00ee metot, uygulamal\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretme y\u00f6ntemidir. Muhatap, kendisine emredilen ve yapmaya davet edildi\u011fi fiilin nas\u0131l uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v)\u2019in insanlar\u0131 namaz ve hacc\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rken yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi. O \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBenim nas\u0131l namaz k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcyseniz o \u015fekilde namaz k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131z!\u201d[39]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHac r\u00fck\u00fcnlerini benden al\u0131n\u0131z!\u201d[40]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahl\u00e2k ve \u00e2d\u00e2b\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretirken, bunlar\u0131 ya\u015fayan bir \u00f6rne\u011fin olmas\u0131 son derece etkilidir. T\u0131pk\u0131 Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v)\u2019i m\u00fc\u2019minlere, ya\u015fayan bir \u00f6rnek olarak g\u00f6stermesi gibi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0130\u00e7inizden Allah\u2019\u0131n lutfuna ve \u00e2hiret g\u00fcn\u00fcne umut ba\u011flayanlar, Allah\u2019\u0131 \u00e7ok\u00e7a ananlar i\u00e7in hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphe yok ki, Ras\u00fblullah\u2019ta g\u00fczel bir \u00f6rneklik vard\u0131r.\u201d<\/em>[41]<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sahibinin g\u00f6rece\u011fi \u015fekilde k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc el ile de\u011fi\u015ftirmek ve ortadan kald\u0131rmak da bu metodun bir y\u00f6ntemidir. M\u00fcnker\u2019in bu \u015fekilde k\u00f6t\u00fclenmesi, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckleri engelleme derecelerinin en kuvvetlisi say\u0131l\u0131r. Hadis-i \u015ferifte \u015f\u00f6yle buyrulur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKim bir m\u00fcnker g\u00f6r\u00fcrse onu eliyle de\u011fi\u015ftirsin\u2026\u201d[42]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu metot, genelde b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n kabul etti\u011fi alg\u0131lanabilir \u015feylere dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tesiri \u00e7abuk g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bir insan bunlar\u0131 kabul etmiyorsa, bu onun inad\u0131na ve yanl\u0131\u015fta \u0131srar etti\u011fine delalet eder.[43]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.4. Davet Metotlar\u0131n\u0131n Ana Karakteri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e2vet metotlar\u0131n\u0131n genel karakterini maddeler h\u00e2linde zikretmek gerekirse \u015fu \u015fekilde \u00f6zetleyebiliriz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Davet metotlar\u0131, felsef\u00ee metod ve kel\u00e2m\u00ee y\u00f6ntemlerden uzak, son derece a\u00e7\u0131k ve kolay anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r metotlard\u0131r. Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0130l\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131z bir tek Allah\u2019t\u0131r. O\u2019ndan ba\u015fka il\u00e2h yoktur. O, Rahm\u00e2n\u2019d\u0131r, Rah\u00eem\u2019dir.\u201d[44]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPeygamber, Rabbi taraf\u0131ndan kendisine indirilene iman etti, m\u00fc\u2019minler de (iman ettiler). Her biri Allah\u2019a, meleklerine, kitaplar\u0131na, peygamberlerine iman ettiler. \u00abAllah\u2019\u0131n peygamberlerinden hi\u00e7biri aras\u0131nda ay\u0131r\u0131m yapmay\u0131z…[45]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Davet metotlar\u0131 inanc\u0131 insan nefsine iyice yerle\u015ftirir, hem akla hem kalbe dayanan bir \u00fcslup ile onu korumaya al\u0131r. Bunu da o konuya delalet eden akl\u00ee ve nakl\u00ee delilleri beyan ederek, ak\u00eede etraf\u0131nda uyand\u0131r\u0131lan \u015f\u00fcpheleri tart\u0131\u015f\u0131p reddederek ve insanlar\u0131n hayat\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olan bozuk inan\u00e7lar\u0131 iptal ederek yapar. Mesel\u00e2 \u015fu \u00e2yet-i kerimede bunun \u00f6rne\u011fini g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr: \u201cAma onlar, kullar\u0131ndan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131, O\u2019nun bir c\u00fcz\u00fc k\u0131ld\u0131lar. Ger\u00e7ekten insan apa\u00e7\u0131k bir nank\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Yoksa Allah, yaratt\u0131klar\u0131ndan k\u0131zlar\u0131 kendisine ald\u0131 da o\u011fullar\u0131 size mi ay\u0131rd\u0131! Onlardan biri, Rahm\u00e2n\u2019a isnat etti\u011fi k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fuyla m\u00fcjdelenince, hiddetlenerek y\u00fcz\u00fc simsiyah kesilir. S\u00fcs i\u00e7inde yeti\u015ftirilip sava\u015f edemeyecek olan\u0131 m\u0131 istemiyorlar? (Onlar\u0131 Allah\u2019\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 m\u0131 say\u0131yorlar?) Onlar, Rahm\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n kullar\u0131 olan melekleri de di\u015fi sayd\u0131lar. Acaba meleklerin yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 m\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fler? Onlar\u0131n bu \u015fahitlikleri yaz\u0131lacak ve sorguya \u00e7ekileceklerdir\u2026\u201d[46]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0130badet ve onun y\u00f6ntemleriyle ilgili tevk\u00eef\u00ee bir metod takrir eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u015eeriat\u0131n maksatlar\u0131yla \u00e7eli\u015fmeyen veya muamelat\u0131n herhangi bir y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bozuklu\u011fa sebep olmayan \u015feyleri kabul eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u015eer\u02bb\u00ee ahk\u00e2m\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 i\u00e7in genel usul ve k\u00e2ideler koyar, amel\u00ee tatb\u00eek\u00e2t ve fer\u02bb\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7in ictihad alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015f tutar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– G\u00fczel ahl\u00e2k\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar ve onun s\u0131dk, ad\u00e2let ve emanet gibi ana umdelerini bildirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– K\u00f6t\u00fc ahl\u00e2k\u0131 beyan eder ve onun yalan, zul\u00fcm ve h\u0131yanet gibi ana konular\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– G\u00fczel ahl\u00e2k ile iyi davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 di\u011ferlerinden ay\u0131ran s\u00e2bit k\u00e2ide ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler koyar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ahl\u00e2k\u0131 g\u00fczelle\u015ftirmeye ve insan\u0131 tabiat ile m\u00fccahedeye davet eder ve bu konuda tabiat\u0131 bahane olarak g\u00f6rmeyi kabul etmez.[47]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.5. Davet Metotlar\u0131n\u0131n Genel \u00d6zellikleri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Davet metotlar\u0131n\u0131n genel \u00f6zelliklerini \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralayabiliriz: Rabb\u00e2n\u00eelik, kem\u00e2l, a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k, \u015f\u00fcm\u00fbl, tev\u00e2z\u00fcn (dengeli olmak), uygulanabilirlik, \u015fer\u02bb\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k (inzibat), kademe kademe ilerlemek (tederr\u00fcc) ve devaml\u0131l\u0131k (istimr\u00e2r).[48]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. Davet \u00dcsl\u00fbbu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Davet\u00e7inin davet metodunu uygulama keyfiyetine \u00fcsl\u00fbb denir. Bunu \u201cy\u00f6ntem\u201d kelimesiyle kar\u015f\u0131layanlar da vard\u0131r. Davet \u0130lmi, davet\u00e7inin tatbik edece\u011fi \u00fcslup ve y\u00f6ntemleri belirler, hangi muhataba hangi y\u00f6ntemi uygulayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirir. Belli ba\u015fl\u0131 davet \u00fcsluplar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10.1. Hikmet \u00dcsl\u00fbbu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062d\u0643\u0645 fiil k\u00f6k\u00fc, \u201cmen etme\u201d manas\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Mesela bu k\u00f6kten t\u00fcreyen h\u00fck\u00fcm<\/em>, zul\u00fcmden men etmektir. Hayvan\u0131 ko\u015fmaktan engelledi\u011fi i\u00e7in geme hakemet\u00fc\u2019l-lic\u00e2m <\/em>veya hakemet\u00fc\u2019d-d\u00e2bbe<\/em> denilmi\u015ftir. Beyinsiz birinin elinden tutup onu yanl\u0131\u015f yapmaktan engelleyen ki\u015fi \u062d\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0641\u0650\u064a\u0647\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064f <\/em>der. Hikmet<\/em> de insan\u0131 cehaletten al\u0131koyar. Hikmetli, tecr\u00fcbeli, olgun kimseye muhakkem<\/em> denir.[49]<\/sup><\/a> Hal\u00eel b. Ahmed (\u00f6. 175\/791) hikmet<\/em>in adalet, ilim ve hilme dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Bir kimse hikmet ehli oldu\u011funda \u201c\u0623\u062d\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0645\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0628\u064f: tecr\u00fcbeler onu hak\u00eem yapt\u0131\u201d denir.[50]<\/sup><\/a> \u0130bn D\u00fcreyd (\u00f6. 321\/933), \u201cSana \u00f6\u011f\u00fct veren, seni s\u0131n\u0131rlayan, iyili\u011fe \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran veya \u00e7irkinlikten nehyeden her s\u00f6z hikmettir\u201d der.[51]<\/sup><\/a> F\u00eer\u00fbz\u00e2b\u00e2d\u00ee (\u00f6. 816\/1415) ise hikmet<\/em>i; adalet, ilim, hilim, n\u00fcb\u00fcvvet, Kur\u2019\u00e2n ve \u0130ncil diye a\u00e7\u0131klar.[52]<\/sup><\/a> Bu k\u00f6kten t\u00fcreyen ahkame<\/em>, sa\u011flam yapt\u0131; istahkame<\/em> de bozulmaktan korudu manalar\u0131na gelir.[53]<\/sup><\/a> Masdar olarak hikmet<\/em>in men\u02bb-i fes\u00e2d ve celb-i sal\u00e2h manas\u0131 vard\u0131r ki h\u00fck\u00fcm<\/em>, h\u00fck\u00fbmet<\/em>, muhkemlik<\/em> hep bu esastan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[54]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fcfessirler hikmet<\/em> kelimesinin Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019da zikredili\u015f \u015fekillerine bakarak muhtelif tarifler yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Muk\u00e2til b. S\u00fcleym\u00e2n (\u00f6. 150\/767), muhtelif \u00e2yet-i kerimelerde ge\u00e7en hikmet <\/em>kelimesinin Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n \u00f6\u011f\u00fctleri,[55]<\/sup><\/a> anlay\u0131\u015f, ilim,[56]<\/sup><\/a> n\u00fcb\u00fcvvet,[57]<\/sup><\/a> Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n tefsiri[58]<\/sup><\/a> ve Kur\u2019\u00e2n[59]<\/sup><\/a> manalar\u0131na geldi\u011fini ifade eder.[60]<\/sup><\/a> Taber\u00ee, hikmet<\/em>in, hak ile bat\u0131l\u0131n aras\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131ran h\u00fck\u00fcm<\/em>den al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanaatindedir.[61]<\/sup><\/a> Yani \u00e2dil davranarak, il\u00e2h\u00ee \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclere riayet ederek do\u011fru h\u00fckm\u00fc vermek, do\u011fru ile yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131n aras\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131rmak hikmet<\/em> olmaktad\u0131r. Hikmet<\/em>\u2019in tarif ve izah\u0131na en fazla yo\u011funla\u015fan m\u00fcfessirlerden biri Elmal\u0131l\u0131 Muhammed Hamdi Yaz\u0131r\u2019d\u0131r. O, hikmet<\/em>in b\u00fct\u00fcn manalar\u0131n\u0131 tefsirlerden derleyip bir araya getirmi\u015f ve uzun uzun izahlarda bulunmu\u015ftur. Yukar\u0131da zikredilenler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u015fu manalar\u0131 da zikretmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Hikmet, ilim ve amelde ihk\u00e2m, s\u00f6z ve fiilde isabettir. S\u00f6zde isabet hakka, fiilde isabet hayra y\u00f6neliktir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Hikmet, ilim ve onunla ameldir. Herhangi bir nazar\u00ee ilim bizzat bir hikmet olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi tesad\u00fcf\u00ee olan herhangi bir gayr-\u0131 ilm\u00ee amel de \u00f6yledir. Yani ilim amele sebep olmal\u0131, amel ilimden kaynaklanmal\u0131 ve her ikisi de zarar\u0131 def edip maslahat\u0131 celb etmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Hikmet, ilim ve f\u0131k\u0131ht\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Her \u015feyin manas\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mak ve anlamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– S\u00fcnnet-i muhkemedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Her \u015feyi yerine ve mertebesine koymakt\u0131r. \u015eu halde hikmet, adalet demek olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– G\u00fczel ve isabetli fiillere y\u00f6nelmektir. Bu gaye devaml\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in hikmetin s\u00e2bit bir meleke ve bir ahl\u00e2k oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Siyasette be\u015fer\u00ee imk\u00e2nlar d\u00e2hilinde Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019ya iktid\u00e2d\u0131r ki bu da ilmini cehilden, fiilini zul\u00fcmden, c\u00f6mertli\u011fini cimrilikten, hilmini beyinsizlikten ar\u0131nd\u0131rmakla olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0130l\u00e2h\u00ee ahl\u00e2k ile ahlaklanmakt\u0131r. Hikmet<\/em>in ba\u015f\u0131, mevc\u00fbd\u00e2ta ibret nazar\u0131yla bak\u0131p tefekk\u00fcr ve tezekk\u00fcrde bulunarak bir anlay\u0131\u015fa ve ilme ula\u015fmak; ortas\u0131, d\u00een ve t\u00e2at; sonu da \u00e2hiret sa\u00e2detidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Hikmet<\/em> bir n\u00fbrdur ki vesvese ile makam\u0131n aras\u0131 bununla ayr\u0131l\u0131r.[62]<\/sup><\/a> \u0130bn Zeyd hikmeti, Allah\u2019\u0131n kalpte yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kendisiyle o kulunu nurland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015fey olarak tarif etmi\u015ftir.[63]<\/sup><\/a> \u0130bn At\u0131yye, \u201chikmet, dinde f\u0131k\u0131h ve bir seciye ve Allah\u2019tan bir n\u00fbr olan anlay\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d tarifini nakleder.[64]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu tarifleri \u015fu \u00fc\u00e7 noktada birle\u015ftirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr: Hikmet,<\/em> faydal\u0131 amele g\u00f6t\u00fcrmesi haysiyetiyle ilim, ilme dayanmas\u0131 haysiyetiyle faydal\u0131 amel, ilim ve amelde ihk\u00e2m (sa\u011flam yapmak), di\u011fer bir tabirle s\u00f6z ve fiilde isabettir. Bunu k\u0131saca ilim ve f\u0131k\u0131h diye \u00f6zetleyebiliriz.[65]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu manalardan hareketle, hikmet<\/em>i; \u201cinsan\u0131 cahillik, ak\u0131ls\u0131zl\u0131k, haks\u0131zl\u0131k ve fesattan koruyup engelleyen ve ona iyi \u015feyleri kazand\u0131ran ilim ve anlay\u0131\u015f\u201d diye tarif edebiliriz.[66]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davette hikmet \u00fcsl\u00fbbu, her \u015feyi yerli yerine koyan \u00fcslup ve y\u00f6ntemdir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle b\u00fct\u00fcn davet y\u00f6ntemlerine \u015f\u00e2mildir. Davet esnas\u0131nda hangi muhataba ne s\u00f6ylenir, hangi konular \u00f6ncelikle anlat\u0131l\u0131r, hangi konulara ne kadar a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verilir, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 Davet \u0130lmi tespit edip davet\u00e7ilere rapor h\u00e2linde sunar.[67]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

10.2. Mev\u02bbiza-i Hasene \u00dcsl\u00fbbu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u00fcgatte \u201cmev\u02bbiza\u201d; nasihat etti, \u00e2k\u0131betleri hat\u0131rlatt\u0131, itaati emir ve tavsiye etti anlam\u0131na gelen\u0648\u0639\u0638 <\/em>fiilinden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir.[68]<\/a> \u201cHasene\u201d, seyyie<\/em>\u2019nin (k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn) z\u0131dd\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOna yumu\u015fak s\u00f6z s\u00f6yleyin. Belki o, akl\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na al\u0131r veya korkar.\u201d[69]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026\u0130nsanlara g\u00fczel s\u00f6z s\u00f6yleyin.\u201d[70]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026Kendilerine \u00f6\u011f\u00fct ver ve onlara, kendileri hakk\u0131nda tesirli s\u00f6z s\u00f6yle.\u201d[71]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mev\u02bbiza-i hasene\u2019nin bir\u00e7ok \u015fekli vard\u0131r, bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) A\u00e7\u0131k, lat\u00eef ve yumu\u015fak s\u00f6z. Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur: \u201c\u2026 \u0130nsanlara g\u00fczel s\u00f6z s\u00f6yleyin.\u201d[72]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) Lat\u00eef ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r i\u015faret.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) T\u00e2riz, kinaye ve tevriye.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4) K\u0131ssa, tesirli konu\u015fma ve espri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5) \u015e\u00fckr\u00fc gerektiren nimetleri hat\u0131rlatmak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6) Medih ve zem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7) Ter\u011f\u00eeb ve terh\u00eeb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8) Zafer ve ba\u015far\u0131 va\u02bbd etmek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9) Tahamm\u00fcl ve sab\u0131r\u2026[73]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsanlara tesir eden, onlar\u0131 itaat ve icabete sevkeden do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6ntemler mev\u02bbiza-i hasene \u00fcsl\u00fbbuna d\u00e2hildir.[74]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

10.3. M\u00fcc\u00e2dele \u00dcsl\u00fbbu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cedel, hus\u00fbmette \u0131srar ve onu yapabilmek demektir. Hus\u00fbmette \u015fiddeti ifade eder. Hadiste \u015f\u00f6yle ge\u00e7er: \u201cBir kavme cedel verildi\u011finde onlar mutlaka sap\u0131t\u0131rlar.\u201d Cedel, del\u00eele delille kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermektir; m\u00fcc\u00e2dele, m\u00fcn\u00e2zara ve muh\u00e2sama demektir.[75]<\/a> Farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde tarif edilmi\u015ftir. Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Bek\u0101: \u201cKi\u015finin hasm\u0131n\u0131 bir delil veya \u015f\u00fcphe ile bozuk s\u00f6z\u00fcnden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131\u201d diye tarif eder.[76]<\/a> Seyyid \u015eerif C\u00fcrc\u00e2n\u00ee \u201cCid\u00e2l: G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p s\u00f6ylenmesiyle ilgili tart\u0131\u015fmadan ibarettir\u201d der.[77]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fccadele iki t\u00fcrl\u00fcd\u00fcr, bazen en g\u00fczel \u015fekilde, bazen de b\u00e2t\u0131l i\u00e7in yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n biri medhedilmi\u015f, di\u011feri de yerilmi\u015ftir. Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u2026 Onlarla en g\u00fczel \u015fekilde m\u00fccadele et!…\u201d[78]<\/strong><\/a> \u201c\u2026 B\u00e2t\u0131l\u0131 hakk\u0131n yerine koymak i\u00e7in bo\u015funa m\u00fccadele etmi\u015flerdi…[79]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2 tebli\u011fde m\u00fccadelenin en g\u00fczel \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u0131srarla emretmektedir. Aksi takdirde muhatap inatla\u015farak \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019dan iyice uzakla\u015fabilir.[80]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

10.4. G\u00fczel \u00d6rnek Olma \u00dcsl\u00fbbu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bir ki\u015fi iyi veya k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00f6rnek olabilir. Hadis-i \u015ferifte \u015f\u00f6yle buyrulur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKim \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da g\u00fczel bir \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7arsa ona bunun ecri ve kendisinden sonra onunla amel edenlerin ecri vard\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n ecirlerinden de hi\u00e7bir \u015fey eksilmez. Kim de \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7arsa ona da bunun g\u00fcnah\u0131 ve kendinden sonra onunla amel edenlerin g\u00fcnah\u0131 vard\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n g\u00fcnahlar\u0131ndan da hi\u00e7bir \u015fey eksilmez.\u201d[81]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2, rasuller g\u00f6ndermi\u015f, onlar\u0131n k\u0131ssalar\u0131n\u0131 anlatm\u0131\u015f, ahl\u00e2klar\u0131n\u0131 zikretmi\u015f, sonra da m\u00fc\u2019minlere bu rasullere uymalar\u0131n\u0131, pe\u015flerinden gitmelerini emretmi\u015ftir. \u00c2yet-i kerimede \u015f\u00f6yle buyrulur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0130\u015fte o peygamberler Allah\u2019\u0131n hid\u00e2yet etti\u011fi kimselerdir. Sen de onlar\u0131n yoluna uy…[82]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsan\u0131n tabiat\u0131nda ve f\u0131trat\u0131nda taklit etme ve \u00f6rnek alma \u00f6zelli\u011fi vard\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n etkilendi\u011fi \u015feylerin \u00e7o\u011fu da okuma ve i\u015fitme yoluylad\u0131r, \u00f6zellikle de pratik konularda ve zor durumlarda. Bu etkilenme \u00e7o\u011fu zaman f\u0131tr\u00ee olup bilin\u00e7li de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin tesiri geneldir, farkl\u0131 seviyelerdeki b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131 kapsar, hatta \u00fcmm\u00ee insan\u0131 bile i\u00e7ine al\u0131r. Zira her insan\u0131n, anlamasa bile bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na benzemesi ve onu taklit etmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u011fer taraftan bu y\u00f6ntem gayet kolayd\u0131r. Hay\u0131r ve iyilik, uyulandan uyana \u00e7abuk ge\u00e7er. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir \u015feyi pratik olarak yapmak ve ona sar\u0131lmak, muhatab\u0131, o \u015feyi anlat\u0131p \u00f6vmekten daha fazla ikna eder. Bir hayr\u0131 sadece yapmak ve tatbik etmek bile, ba\u015fkalar\u0131nda o hayr\u0131n ve tatbikinin do\u011frulu\u011fu konusunda bir kanaat olu\u015fturur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o soyut bir ideal de\u011fil, ya\u015fanabilen bir \u015feydir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fczel bir \u00f6rnek, insan nefsini derinden etkiler. Zira nefis nazar\u00ee konulardan \u00e7ok pratik durumlara daha h\u0131zl\u0131 icabet eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davetin metot ve \u00fcsluplar\u0131ndan bahsettikten sonra \u015funu da ifade etmek gerekir ki bu metot ve \u00fcsluplar\u0131 zaman\u0131n ilerlemesiyle devaml\u0131 olarak geli\u015ftirmek gerekmektedir. Zira metotlar, belli bir \u015fekil \u00fczere sabit kalmaz. Vaktin gerektirdi\u011fi \u015feylere g\u00f6re zamandan zamana, h\u00e2lden h\u00e2le de\u011fi\u015fir. Bir davet metodu, muayyen bir \u015fahsa, belli bir vakitte veya belli bir ya\u015fta uygun olabilir. \u015e\u00e2yet davet edilen ki\u015fi oldu\u011fu gibi devam eder, bu y\u00f6ntem ona fayda vermezse, davet\u00e7inin y\u00f6ntemini muhatab\u0131n h\u00e2line g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi ve daha uygun bir h\u00e2le gelinceye kadar geli\u015ftirmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130badetler haricindeki davet metotlar\u0131nda aslolan ictih\u00e2d\u00ee olmalar\u0131 ve devaml\u0131 geli\u015fir vaziyette bulunmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Davet\u00e7ilerin bunlar\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 zaman\u0131n gere\u011fine g\u00f6re g\u00fczelle\u015ftirip geli\u015ftirmeleri m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Hulef\u00e2-i r\u00e2\u015fid\u00eenin, sahabe-i kiram\u0131n ve selef-i s\u00e2lih\u00eenin Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019i ve s\u00fcnnet-i seniyyeyi koruma y\u00f6ntemlerini geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in yapt\u0131klar\u0131 faaliyetler buna delildir.[83]<\/a> Davet \u0130lmi bu konuda ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yaparak her zaman ve mek\u00e2na en uygun metodun ne oldu\u011funu tespit etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. Davet F\u0131kh\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Davet f\u0131kh\u0131, davette bulunurken hassas ve derinlikli bir \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek hareket etmeyi, derin bir anlay\u0131\u015fa sahip olmay\u0131 ifade eder. Davet etti\u011fi konuyu, muh\u00e2tab\u0131n durumunu, zaman\u0131, zem\u00eeni ve di\u011fer \u015fartlar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn inceli\u011fiyle bilip kavramay\u0131 ve ona g\u00f6re hareket etmeyi anlat\u0131r. Davet \u0130lmi, davet f\u0131kh\u0131yla ilgili incelikleri tespit ederek davet\u00e7ilerin hizmetine sunar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir davet\u00e7i muhataplar\u0131n akl\u00ee, ilm\u00ee ve di\u011fer durumlar\u0131n\u0131 bilmelidir. Hz. Ali (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0130nsanlara anlayabilecekleri \u015fekilde konu\u015funuz! Allah ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn yalanlanmas\u0131n\u0131 ister misiniz!\u201d[84]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abdullah b. Mes\u2019\u00fbd (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201c\u015eayet bir toplulu\u011fa ak\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n ermedi\u011fi bir hadis nakledersen, bu onlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 i\u00e7in ancak fitne unsuru olur.\u201d[85]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davet\u00e7inin hangi durumda nas\u0131l davranmak gerekti\u011fini iyi bilmesi gerekir. Davet f\u0131kh\u0131 i\u015fte bu konuyla ilgilenir ve bir tak\u0131m esaslar belirler. Bu esaslar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Davette tedr\u00eec\u00eeli\u011fe riayet etmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Kimin s\u00f6yledi\u011fine de\u011fil ne s\u00f6yledi\u011fine bakmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hakk\u0131n g\u00e2lib gelmesi i\u00e7in gayret etmeli, nefsin zaferi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Davet\u00e7i davet etti\u011fi \u015feyi bilerek \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmal\u0131, bilmedi\u011fi bir \u015feye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Davet\u00e7i farkl\u0131 ictihadlar\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir hususta m\u00fcdahale etmemelidir<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Davet\u00e7i s\u00f6yledi\u011fini tam olarak yapamasa bile davette bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r, zira s\u00f6z\u00fcyle amelinin tutarl\u0131 olmas\u0131 \u00e7ok m\u00fchim olmakla birlikte davet\u00e7inin k\u00e2mil olmas\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015fulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Davet\u00e7i farkl\u0131 insan tiplerini tan\u0131mal\u0131, kime nas\u0131l hitap edece\u011fini bilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Davet\u00e7i hikmet ehli olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Davet\u00e7i g\u00fcnah \u00fczere g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kimseyi itmemeli, onu kuyuya d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcp kurtarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Son nefesine kadar kimse hakk\u0131nda kesin karar vermemelidir.[86]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunun gibi davetle ilgili ince ve hassas k\u00e2idelerden bahsetmek Davet F\u0131kh\u0131\u2019n\u0131n konusudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. Davet V\u00e2s\u0131talar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vas\u0131ta, davetin esas r\u00fck\u00fcnlerinden biridir. Davet ne kadar g\u00fczel olursa olsun vas\u0131ta bulunamaz veya uygun olmazsa maksada ula\u015f\u0131lamaz. Davet \u0130lmi, davetin hangi vas\u0131talarla yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, yeni vas\u0131talar\u0131 tespit edip onlar\u0131 kullanma usul\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6\u011fretir. Eskiden beri devam eden bir tak\u0131m vas\u0131talar oldu\u011fu gibi her g\u00fcn yeni yeni davet vastalar\u0131 da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131 takip edip en g\u00fczel \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak Davet \u0130lmi\u2019nin konular\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davetin bir k\u0131s\u0131m vas\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralayabiliriz: Kitap, makale, dergi, gazete, internet, okul, e\u011fitim, hutbe, vaaz, mektup, telefon, mevlid merasimleri, cenazeyle ilgili merasimler, konferans, sempozyum, seminer, sohbet, radyo, televizyon, film, sinema, tiyatro, musiki, bro\u015f\u00fcr, afi\u015f, takvim, resim, karikat\u00fcr, resimli \u00e7ocuk kitaplar\u0131, sosyal medya\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davet \u0130lmi bunlar\u0131n her biriyle ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapar ve hangi v\u00e2s\u0131tan\u0131n nerede, ne zaman ve kimlere kar\u015f\u0131 daha tesirli oldu\u011funu tespit etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bu vas\u0131talar\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini, r\u00fck\u00fcn ve \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131, s\u00fcnnet ve \u00e2d\u00e2b\u0131n\u0131 belirler, konunun nas\u0131l se\u00e7ilece\u011fini, m\u00fcnasip zaman ve mek\u00e2n\u0131, muhataplar\u0131n durumunu, konuyu anlatmak i\u00e7in uygun vaktin ne kadar oldu\u011funu ve nas\u0131l aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ve dikkat edilmesi gereken noktalar\u0131 inceler. Davet\u00e7inin davet vas\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l elde edece\u011fini ve onlardan ne \u015fekilde istifade edebilece\u011fini anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13. Davet Mek\u00e2nlar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u015eartlar m\u00fcsait oldu\u011funda insan\u0131n oldu\u011fu her yerde davet ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir. Ancak davetin yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 baz\u0131 mek\u00e2nlar da vard\u0131r. Evler, camiler, okullar, \u00fcniversiteler, yurtlar, vak\u0131flar, dernekler, seyahat vas\u0131talar\u0131 davetin \u00e7ok\u00e7a yap\u0131labilece\u011fi yerlerdir. Davet \u0130lmi bu mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n en g\u00fczel \u015fekilde nas\u0131l kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini, nerede kime nas\u0131l hitap etmek gerekti\u011fini inceler. Bunlara yenilerini katabilmek i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14. Davetin Problemleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Davet \u0130lmi\u2019nin \u00f6nemli ilgi alanlar\u0131ndan biri de Davet\u00e7i, metod, vas\u0131ta ve \u00fcslup konular\u0131ndaki problemleri tespit edip gidermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir davet\u00e7iden sad\u0131r olan hata, normal bir insandan sad\u0131r olan gibi de\u011fildir. Normal insan\u0131n hatas\u0131 kendini ba\u011flar ve ondan \u00f6teye ge\u00e7mez. Ancak bir davet\u00e7inin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hata, di\u011fer insanlara da tesir eder ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn davete, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a zarar verir. Bu sebeple, \u00f6rnek ve \u00f6nder insanlar\u0131 hata yapmaktan sak\u0131nd\u0131ran farkl\u0131 \u00fcsluplarda pek \u00e7ok uyar\u0131 gelmi\u015ftir. Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cEy Peygamber han\u0131mlar\u0131! Sizden kim a\u00e7\u0131k bir hay\u00e2s\u0131zl\u0131k yaparsa, onun azab\u0131 iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Bu, Allah\u2019a g\u00f6re kolayd\u0131r. Sizden kim, Allah\u2019a ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fcne itaat eder ve s\u00e2lih amel i\u015flerse ona m\u00fck\u00e2fat\u0131n\u0131 iki kat veririz. Ve ona (cennette) bol r\u0131z\u0131k haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f\u0131zd\u0131r. Ey Peygamber han\u0131mlar\u0131! Siz, kad\u0131nlardan herhangi biri gibi de\u011filsiniz\u2026\u201d<\/em>[87]<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hadis-i \u015ferifte \u015f\u00f6yle buyrulur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cK\u0131yamet g\u00fcn\u00fc bir adam getirilir ve cehenneme at\u0131l\u0131r, i\u00e7 organlar\u0131 arkas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar, onlar\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fckleyerek merkebin de\u011firmen \u00e7evirdi\u011fi gibi d\u00f6ner durur. Cehennem ehli ba\u015f\u0131na toplanarak \u00abEy f\u00fclan sana ne oldu? Sen bize iyilikleri emredip k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerden nehyetmez miydin?\u00bb derler. O da \u00abEvet, ben iyilikleri tavsiye eder ama kendim yapmazd\u0131m, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerden sak\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r ama onlar\u0131 kendim yapard\u0131m\u00bb der.\u201d[88]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7o\u011fumuz, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n ay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmekten kendi ay\u0131b\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6remiyoruz. Karde\u015fimizin g\u00f6z\u00fcndeki \u00e7\u00f6p\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz da kendi g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fczdeki merte\u011fi g\u00f6rm\u00fcyoruz. Problemleri te\u015fhis ve hatalar\u0131 ke\u015ffetme konusunda Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n k\u0131ymetli y\u00f6nlendirmelerinden biri, hatay\u0131 ba\u015fkalar\u0131nda aray\u0131p onlar\u0131 ay\u0131plamadan \u00f6nce kendi nefsimize d\u00f6nmektir. Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBa\u015f\u0131n\u0131za gelen herhangi bir musibet, kendi ellerinizle i\u015fledikleriniz y\u00fcz\u00fcndendir. (Bununla beraber) Allah \u00e7o\u011funu da affeder.\u201d[89]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6mer b. Hattab (r.a) gazvelerden birinde zaferin gecikmesini m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n hata ve kusuruna ba\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Onlara yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektupra \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti: \u201cEmm\u00e2 ba\u02bbd! M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n fethi esnas\u0131nda gecikmenize \u015fa\u015f\u0131rd\u0131m, senelerdir onlarla sava\u015f\u0131yorsunuz. Bunun sebebi ancak ihdas etti\u011finiz bid\u02bbatler ve d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n sevdi\u011fi d\u00fcnyev\u00ee \u015feyleri sevmenizdir. Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2 bir kavme ancak samimi niyetleri sebebiyle zafer nas\u00eeb eder\u2026\u201d[90]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fudur ki bir davet hareketi, ister ferd\u00ee olsun ister cemaat h\u00e2linde, hatas\u0131n\u0131 kolayl\u0131kla fark edemiyor. Fark\u0131na varsa bile \u00e7o\u011fu zaman onu nas\u0131l tedavi edip d\u00fczeltece\u011fini bilemiyor. Bu da hataya \u00e7ok yak\u0131n olmas\u0131 ve onunla iyice \u00fclfet etmesi sebebiyledir. Bu sebeple davetle ilgili hata ve problemleri tedavide ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in davet\u00e7ilerle uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar aras\u0131nda kuvvetli bir yard\u0131mla\u015fman\u0131n olmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r.[91]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

14.1. D\u00e2hil\u00ee (Z\u00e2t\u00ee) Problemler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bunlar davet\u00e7ilerden, onlar\u0131n anlay\u0131\u015f, metod, y\u00f6ntem ve v\u00e2s\u0131talar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan problemlerdir. Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n buna dahli yoktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En b\u00fcy\u00fck problem davet\u00e7inin do\u011fru yolda giden ve do\u011fru yola \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran davet\u00e7ilikten d\u00fcnyaya dalm\u0131\u015f, onun istek ve h\u0131rslar\u0131 pe\u015finde ko\u015fan, kendi menfaat ve maslahatlar\u0131na g\u00f6re hareket eden bir kimseye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesidir.[92]<\/a> Di\u011fer baz\u0131 problemleri de \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n, davet vazifesinin \u00e2lim ve m\u00fctehass\u0131slardan bir tabakaya mahsus oldu\u011funu, kendilerinin bundan mes\u2019\u00fbl olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek bu hususta gev\u015fek davranmalar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Davet\u00e7inin dar bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na sahip olarak kendi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan davet\u00e7ileri tenkit etmesi. Davet sadece tebli\u011f veya sadece talim veya sadece siyaset de\u011fildir. Bu alanlar\u0131n her birinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan davet\u00e7ileri karde\u015f bilmek ve onlara yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u00c7o\u011fu davet\u00e7i ve \u00e2limin Davet \u0130lmi\u2019nin hakikatinden, do\u011fu\u015fundan ve insanlar\u0131n ona olan ihtiyac\u0131ndan gafil olmas\u0131, \u00e7o\u011funun di\u011fer \u015fer\u02bb\u00ee ilimleri \u00f6\u011frenmekle bu ilimden m\u00fcsta\u011fn\u00ee kalabilece\u011fini zannetmesi, davetle ilgili ihtisasla\u015fmalara sonradan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f gereksiz \u015feyler diye bakmas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Davette hatalar\u0131n tekrar\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015f tecr\u00fcbe ve hatalardan istifade ve onlardan ibret alman\u0131n az olu\u015fu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Davet \u015fuurunun azalmas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– D\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n tabiat\u0131, hile ve tuzaklar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda basiretli davranmamak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Davet\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda cimrilik, haset, hevaya uymak, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 tercih etmek, herkesin kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc be\u011fenmesi, kibir, ucub, ba\u015f olma ve riyaset sevd\u00e2s\u0131 gibi hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Davet\u00e7ilerin hayat\u0131nda ilmin amelden, fikrin tatbikattan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bunun yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanmas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Davet\u00e7ilerin \u00f6ncelik s\u0131ralamas\u0131n\u0131 ihmal etmesi, g\u00f6revlerle imk\u00e2nlar, mefsedetlerle maslahatlar aras\u0131ndaki dengeyi sa\u011flamadaki zaaflar\u0131.[93]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Genel olarak m\u00fc\u2019minler, \u00f6zel olarak davet\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda karde\u015flik ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunlar\u0131n birbirine k\u00f6t\u00fc bakmas\u0131na, zanda bulunmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015f ve birbirini tekfir etmeye, dalalet ve bid\u02bbat ehli olarak g\u00f6rmeye s\u00fcr\u00fcklemi\u015ftir. Bu durum neticede davet\u00e7ilerin saflar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f, kalplerini ve fikirlerini birbirinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve onlar\u0131 birbirlerine z\u0131t yerlerde duran gruplar h\u00e2line getirmi\u015ftir.[94]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardaki ilm\u00ee ve amel\u00ee farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa yanl\u0131\u015f bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131ndaki ihtilaf\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, bunun tabiat\u0131ndan ve sebeplerinden gaflet etmek davet\u00e7ilerin saflar\u0131n\u0131 par\u00e7alam\u0131\u015f, birbirine yard\u0131m eden karde\u015fleri birbiriyle \u00e7eki\u015fen d\u00fc\u015fmanlar h\u00e2line getirmi\u015ftir. Bu durum davet\u00e7ilerin nefsindeki ferdiyeti ve enaniyeti derinle\u015ftirmi\u015f, farkl\u0131 intisaplar sebebiyle nefs\u00ee engeller meydana gelmi\u015f, asabiyet ve grup\u00e7uluk ruhu yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[95]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n Allah\u2019a itimad ve tevekk\u00fclleri zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[96]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar bilim ve teknolojide geri kalm\u0131\u015f, gerekli gayreti g\u00f6stermemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee davetin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak iktisad\u00ee yat\u0131r\u0131m projeleri ihmal edilmi\u015f, davet\u00e7iler bu ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczensiz yard\u0131m ve sadaka gelirleriyle kar\u015f\u0131lamak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6ncelikle bu t\u00fcr problemleri tespit edip ciddiyetle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne y\u00f6nelmek gerekir. Yak\u0131ndan uza\u011fa do\u011fru sab\u0131rla ilerlemek, davet\u00e7ilerin e\u011fitimine a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k vermek l\u00e2z\u0131md\u0131r. \u00dcmmet i\u00e7inde bulunan dinine ve tecr\u00fcbesine g\u00fcvenilir hak\u00eem ve \u00e2limlerinden bir hey\u2019et olu\u015fturulmal\u0131, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar bu hey\u2019ete itaat etmeli, onlara kar\u015f\u0131 samimi davranmal\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini bildirmelidirler. Onlar da kendi aralar\u0131nda tavsiye ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri m\u00fczakere edip kararlar almal\u0131, yeni planlar, metotlar ve y\u00f6nlendirmeler yapmal\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar davetle ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara \u0131srarla devam etmeli, kendi kendini tenkid esas\u0131na dayanmal\u0131, planlar\u0131 takip etmeli, y\u00f6ntemleri geli\u015ftirmeli, v\u00e2s\u0131talar\u0131 kuvvetlendirmeli ve hatalar\u0131 d\u00fczeltme yolunda cidd\u00ee ad\u0131mlar atmal\u0131d\u0131r.[97]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

14.2. D\u0131\u015f Problemler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee davetin d\u0131\u015f problemleri pek \u00e7oktur. Davet \u0130lmi bunlar\u0131n tespiti ve m\u00fccadelesiyle ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapar. D\u0131\u015f problemlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– D\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 kurdu\u011fu ve devaml\u0131 yenilenen hile ve tuzaklar ve \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee daveti yok etmek i\u00e7in yapt\u0131klar\u0131 planlar.[98]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– D\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n bu hile ve tuzaklar\u0131n\u0131 uygularken birbirleriyle yard\u0131mla\u015fmalar\u0131 ve birbirlerini m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar \u00fczerine gitmeye te\u015fvik etmeleri.[99]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– D\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler kullanarak m\u00fccadele etmeleri. Bir y\u00f6ntemi uygulad\u0131klar\u0131nda veya onun ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerinde hemen yeni ve uygun bir y\u00f6ntem se\u00e7meleri ve kulland\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00f6ntemleri devaml\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeleri.[100]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– D\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n madd\u00ee v\u00e2s\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131n kuvvetli olmas\u0131, hedeflerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmede modern ilimleri ve ilm\u00ee ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 kullanmalar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f problemlerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc, engellerin a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n hile ve tuzaklar\u0131ndan kurtulu\u015f i\u00e7in takv\u00e2 ve sab\u0131r \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli iki esast\u0131r.[101]<\/a> Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2 bu iki vasfa sahip olanlara yard\u0131m ve zafer vaad etmektedir.[102]<\/a> Tabi\u00ee ki bu esaslarla birlikte gayret ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hi\u00e7 eksik olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15. Davet \u0130lmi\u2019nin Tarihi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Davet \u0130lmi, ilim ve amel olarak do\u011fmu\u015ftur. \u0130lk olarak b\u00fct\u00fcn peygamberler, Allah\u2019tan ald\u0131klar\u0131 bilgiye dayanarak \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n insanlara nas\u0131l tebli\u011f edilece\u011fini ve onlar\u0131n Allah\u2019\u0131n dinine nas\u0131l davet edilece\u011fini fiil\u00ee olarak g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir. \u0130kinci merhalede yeti\u015ftirdikleri hav\u00e2ri ve sah\u00e2b\u00eelerini tebli\u011f ve davet i\u00e7in g\u00f6ndermeden \u00f6nce onlara nas\u0131l davranacaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmi\u015flerdir. Nitekim Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v)\u2019in Eb\u00fb Zer el-\u011e\u0131f\u00e2r\u00ee, D\u0131m\u00e2m b. Sa\u02bblebe, Tufeyl b. Amr ed-Devs\u00ee,[103]<\/sup><\/a> Hz. Ali,[104]<\/a> Muaz b. Cebel[105]<\/a>, Eb\u00fb M\u00fbs\u00e2 el-E\u015f\u02bbar\u00ee gibi sah\u00e2b\u00eelere tavsiyeleri me\u015fhurdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6zl\u00fc ve tatb\u00eek\u00ee bir \u015fekilde devam eden bu ilmin tedv\u00eeni ancak son as\u0131rda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Kitap\u2019ta, s\u00fcnnette; r\u00e2\u015fit halifelerin, sah\u00e2benin, t\u00e2bi\u00eenin ve \u0130sl\u00e2m davet\u00e7ilerinin hayat\u0131nda yer alan esaslar \u00fczerine bin\u00e2 edilmi\u015ftir. Davet Tarihi, Davet F\u0131kh\u0131, Davet Metotlar\u0131, Davet V\u00e2s\u0131talar\u0131, Davet Y\u00f6ntemleri, Davet Usulleri isimleriyle bu alanda pek \u00e7ok kitaplar telif edilmi\u015f, zamanla \u201cDavet\u201d ismiyle te\u015fkilat ve m\u00fcesseseler kurulmu\u015f, Davet \u0130lmi\u2019nin kendine ait t\u00e2lim m\u00fcesseseleri ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma merkezleri faaliyete ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2leminde baz\u0131 \u00fcniversiteler Da\u02bbvet fak\u00fclteleri ve lisans\u00fcst\u00fc e\u011fitim enstit\u00fcleri kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu ilmin kurucusu olarak bir isim tayin etmek zordur. Davet \u0130lmi\u2019nin son d\u00f6nemdeki \u00e2limlerin gayretleriyle ortak olarak tedvin edilmi\u015f bir ilim oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.[106]<\/a> Ancak bu alanda ilk eser verenlerden birinin Abd\u00fclkerim Zeydan oldu\u011funu da ifade edelim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davet tarihiyle ilgili bir k\u0131s\u0131m kitaplar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enver el-C\u00fcnd\u00ee, Mukaddimet\u00fc\u2019l-ulum ve\u2019l-men\u00e2hic<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eek\u00eeb Arslan, H\u00e2diru\u2019l-\u2019\u00e2lemi\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cemil Abdullah Muhammed el-M\u0131sr\u00ee, H\u00e2diru\u2019l-\u2019\u00e2lemi\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee ve kad\u00e2y\u00e2hu\u2019l-mu\u00e2s\u0131ra,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00fcseyin Mu\u2019nis, el-\u0130sl\u00e2mu\u2019l-f\u00e2tih,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cum\u02bba el-Havl\u00ee, T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019d-Da\u02bbve,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muhammed et-T\u00eeb en-Necc\u00e2r, T\u00e2r\u00eehu\u2019l-enbiy\u00e2,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rauf \u00c7elebi, ed-Da\u02bbvet\u00fc\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2miye f\u00ee ahdihe\u2019l-Meden\u00ee,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abdulgaffar Aziz, ed-Da\u02bbvet\u00fc\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2miye beyne\u2019t-tanz\u00eemi\u2019l-huk\u00fbm\u00ee ve\u2019t-te\u015fr\u00ee\u02bbi\u2019d-d\u00een\u00ee,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muhammed el-Adav\u00ee, Da\u02bbvet\u00fc\u2019r-rus\u00fcl,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muhammed M\u00fcn\u00eer el-Gadb\u00e2n, el-Menhec\u00fc\u2019l-harak\u00ee li\u2019s-s\u00eerati\u2019n-nebeviyye<\/em>\u2026[107]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

16. Davet \u0130lmiyle \u0130lgili Eserler (Edebiyat)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Son d\u00f6nemde Davet ilmiyle ilgili pek \u00e7ok k\u0131ymetli eser kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n hepsini s\u0131ralamak \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcrece\u011finden bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 burada zikretmekle iktifa ediyoruz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muhammed Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Feth el-Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee, el-Medhal il\u00e2 ilmi\u2019d-da\u02bbve,<\/em> Beyrut: Ris\u00e2le, 1415\/1995.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahmet \u00d6nkal, Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a Davet Metodu,<\/em> \u0130stanbul: Hikmetevi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131<\/a>, 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tevf\u00eek el-V\u00e2\u02bb\u00ee, ed-Da\u02bbvet\u00fc ila\u2019ll\u00e2h (er-Ris\u00e2le – el-Ves\u00eele – el-Hedef),<\/em> el-Mans\u00fbra: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Yak\u00een, ts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abd\u00fc\u2019l-\u011eaff\u00e2r Az\u00eez, Fenn\u00fc\u2019d-da\u02bbveti\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2miyye ve kav\u00e2id\u00fc tatb\u00eekih\u00e2,<\/em> Riy\u00e2d: Mektebet\u00fc\u2019r-R\u00fc\u015fd, ts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muhammed b. Sa\u02bbd Bugneh e\u015f-\u015eehr\u00e2n\u00ee, \u201c\u0130lm\u00fc\u2019d-Da\u02bbve ila\u2019ll\u00e2hi te\u00e2l\u00e2: Hak\u00eekat\u00fch\u00fb ve Ehemmiyyet\u00fch\u00fb -Dir\u00e2set\u00fcn Te\u2019s\u00eeliyye-\u201d, Bas\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019l-Kur\u00e2 \u00dcnv., ed-Da\u02bbve ve Us\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019d-D\u00een Fak., 2012\/1433.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mukteday\u00e2t\u00fc\u2019d-da\u02bbveti f\u00ee dav\u2019i\u2019l-mu\u02bbtay\u00e2ti\u2019l-mu\u02bb\u00e2s\u0131ra<\/em>, C\u00e2mi\u02bbat\u00fc\u2019\u015f-\u015e\u00e2rika, 1422.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Bu genel kitaplar h\u00e2ricinde Davet \u0130lmi\u2019nin muhtelif konular\u0131yla ilgili de pek \u00e7ok eser kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[108]<\/a> Bunlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da \u015fu \u015fekilde s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abd\u00fclkerim Zeydan, \u0130sl\u00e2m Davetinin Esaslar\u0131 -Metod ve Vas\u0131talar\u0131-,<\/em> \u0130stanbul: \u00c7\u0131ra yay., 2011.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130smail L\u00fctfi \u00c7akan, Hakk\u0131 Tavsiye Metod ve Vas\u0131talar\u0131,<\/em> \u0130stanbul: \u0130fav yay., 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mustafa Me\u015fhur, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a Davet F\u0131kh\u0131,<\/em> \u0130stanbul: Hikmet Ne\u015friyat, 2009, 4 cild.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fethi Yeken, \u0130slam\u2019a Nas\u0131l Davet Edelim,<\/em> \u0130stanbul: Ravza yay., ts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fethi Yeken M\u00fc\u015fkil\u00e2t\u00fc\u2019d-da\u02bbve ve\u2019d-d\u00e2iye<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seyyid Muhammed Nuh, F\u0131khu\u2019d-da\u02bbveti\u2019l-ferdiyye fi\u2019l-menheci\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee \/ \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a Davetin \u00d6ncelikleri -Ferd\u00ee Davet F\u0131kh\u0131-,<\/em> trc. Mustafa Kasadar, \u0130stanbul: Ravza yay., 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muhammed Kutub, Nas\u0131l Davet Edelim?,<\/em> trc. M. Be\u015fir Eryarsoy, \u0130stanbul: Beka yay., 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u015fam et-Talib, \u0130sl\u00e2m Davet\u00e7ilerine E\u011fitim Rehberi,<\/em> trc. K\u00e2mil Yi\u011fit, \u0130stanbul: Beka yay., 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e2lis Celeb\u00ee, Fi\u2019n-Nakdi\u2019z-z\u00e2t\u00ee<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Men\u00e2hicu C\u00e2mi\u02bbati\u2019l-Med\u00eeneti\u2019l-\u00c2lemiyye, Us\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019d-da\u02bbve<\/em>, C\u00e2mi\u02bbati\u2019l-Med\u00eeneti\u2019l-\u00c2lemiyye, 1433.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Men\u00e2hicu C\u00e2mi\u02bbati\u2019l-Med\u00eeneti\u2019l-\u00c2lemiyye, Us\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019d-da\u02bbve ve turukuh\u00e2 1-4<\/em>, C\u00e2mi\u02bbati\u2019l-Med\u00eeneti\u2019l-\u00c2lemiyye, 1433.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salih b. Muhammed, Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u0130slam Davet\u00e7ilerinin Vas\u0131flar\u0131,<\/em> trc. Mehmet Ali Kara, \u0130stanbul: Polen Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2016.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kit\u00e2biy\u00e2t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Abdurrahman b. Abdullah el-M\u0131sr\u00ee (v. 257). F\u00fct\u00fbhu M\u0131sr ve\u2019l-Ma\u011frib.<\/em> Mektebet\u00fc\u2019s-Sek\u00e2feti\u2019d-D\u00eeniyye, 1415.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acl\u00fbn\u00ee. Ke\u015ff\u00fc\u2019l-haf\u00e2.<\/em> Thk. Abd\u00fclham\u00eed Hind\u00e2v\u00ee. el-Mektebet\u00fc\u2019l-Asr\u0131yye, 1420\/2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali el-M\u00fcttak\u012b. Kenz\u00fc\u2019l-umm\u00e2l<\/em>. Thk. Bekr\u00ee Hayy\u00e2n\u00ee – Safvet es-Sekk\u0101. Beyrut: er-Ris\u00e2le, 1401\/1981.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e2rekutn\u00ee. S\u00fcnen<\/em>. Thk. \u015euayb Arna\u00fbt. Beyrut: Ris\u00e2le, 1424\/2004.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Bek\u0101. el-K\u00fclliyy\u00e2t. <\/em>Thk. Adnan Derv\u00ee\u015f – Muhammed el-M\u0131sr\u00ee. Beyrut: M\u00fcesseset\u00fc\u2019r-Ris\u00e2le, ts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elmal\u0131l\u0131 Muhammed Hamdi Yaz\u0131r. Hak Dini Kur\u2019\u00e2n Dili. <\/em>Thk. A. C\u00fcneyt K\u00f6ksal – Murat Kaya. \u0130stanbul: T\u00fcrkiye Yazma Eserler Kurumu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00eer\u00fbz\u00e2b\u00e2d\u00ee. el-K\u0101m\u00fbs\u00fc\u2019l-muh\u00eet.<\/em> Thk. Muhammed Nuaym el-Araks\u00fbs\u00ee. Beyrut: Risale, 1426\/2005.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hat\u00eeb el-Ba\u011fd\u00e2d\u00ee. el-Fak\u00eeh ve\u2019l-metefakk\u0131h.<\/em> Thk. \u00c2dil b. Y\u00fbsuf el-\u011ear\u00e2z\u00ee. D\u00e2ru \u0130bni\u2019l-Cevz\u00ee, 1421.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Heysem\u00ee. Mecmau\u2019z-zev\u00e2id. <\/em>Thk. H\u00fcs\u00e2m\u00fcdd\u00een el-Kuds\u00ee. K\u00e2hire: Mektebet\u00fc\u2019l-Kuds\u00ee, 1414\/1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130bn At\u0131yye. el-Muharraru\u2019l-vec\u00eez f\u00ee tefsiri\u2019l-Kit\u00e2bi\u2019l-Az\u00eez. <\/em>Thk. Abd\u00fc\u2019s-Selam Abd\u00fc\u2019\u015f-\u015e\u00e2f\u00ee Muhammed. Beyrut: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-\u0130lmiyye, 1422.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130bn F\u00e2ris. Mu\u02bbcemu mek\u00e2y\u00eesi\u2019l-lu\u011fa.<\/em> Thk. Abd\u00fcssel\u00e2m Muhammed H\u00e2r\u00fbn. D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Fikr, 1399\/1979.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130bn Hacer. Fethu\u2019l-B\u00e2r\u00ee.<\/em> Ne\u015fr: Muhammed Fu\u00e2d Abd\u00fclb\u00e2k\u00ee – Muhibbuddin el-Hat\u00eeb. Beyrut: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Ma\u02bbrife, 1379.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130bn Hi\u015f\u00e2m. es-S\u00eeret\u00fc\u2019n-nebeviyye.<\/em> Tkh. Mustafa es-Sekk\u0101 – \u0130brahim el-Eby\u00e2r\u00ee – Abd\u00fclhaf\u00eez e\u015f-\u015eeleb\u00ee. M\u0131s\u0131r: Matbaat\u00fc Mustafa el-B\u00e2b\u00ee, 1375\/1955.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130bn Kayy\u0131m. Z\u00e2d\u00fc\u2019l-me\u00e2d.<\/em> Beyrut: Ris\u00e2le, 1415\/1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130mam \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee.<\/em> er-Ris\u00e2le.<\/em> Thk. Ahmed Muhammed \u015e\u00e2kir. M\u0131s\u0131r: Matbaat\u00fc Mustafa el-B\u00e2b\u00ee el-Haleb\u00ee, 1358\/1940.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130zmirli, \u0130smail Hakk\u0131. Metodoloji.<\/em> Sad. Refik Ergin, \u0130stanbul: \u00d6t\u00fcken Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2006.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kar\u00e2f\u00ee. el-\u0130hk\u00e2m f\u00ee temy\u00eezi\u2019l-fet\u00e2v\u00e2 ani\u2019l-ahk\u00e2m ve tasarruf\u00e2ti\u2019l-k\u00e2d\u00ee ve\u2019l-im\u00e2m.<\/em> Thk. Ebd\u00fclfettah Eb\u00fb Gudde, Beyrut: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Be\u015f\u00e2iri\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2miye, 1416\/1995.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaya, Murat. \u201cPeygamberlere Gelen \u0130lahi Mesaj\u0131 Tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 \u00dc\u00e7 Temel \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fc: M\u00eez\u00e2n, Furk\u0101n ve Hikmet\u201d. Turkish Studies.<\/em> Volume 13\/17, Summer 2018, s. 210-211.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Merz\u00fbk Sel\u00eem el-Yevb\u00ee. \u201cel-Dur\u00fbsu\u2019d-da\u02bbviyye fi\u2019s-s\u00fcneni\u2019l-fi\u02bbliyye f\u00ee Sah\u00eehi\u2019l-\u0130m\u00e2m M\u00fcslim\u201d. Y\u00fcksek Enstit\u00fc, Da\u02bbvet ve \u0130htis\u00e2b B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc y\u00fcksek lisans tezi, 1411.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muhammed H\u0131z\u0131r H\u00fcseyin. ed-Da\u02bbve ile\u2019l-\u0131sl\u00e2h. <\/em>K\u00e2hire: el-Matbaat\u00fc\u2019s-Selefiyye, 1346.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Muk\u0101til b. S\u00fcleym\u00e2n b. Be\u015f\u00eer el-Ezd\u00ee el-Belh\u00ee. el-Vuc\u00fbh ve\u2019n-Nez\u00e2ir.<\/em> Haz. Ali \u00d6zek \u0130stanbul: \u0130lm\u00ee Ne\u015friyat, 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00fcn\u00e2v\u00ee. Feyzu\u2019l-Kad\u00eer<\/em>. M\u0131s\u0131r: el-Mektebet\u00fc\u2019t-Tic\u00e2riyyet\u00fc\u2019l-K\u00fcbr\u00e2, 1356.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00fcveyr\u00ee. Nih\u00e2yet\u00fc\u2019l-ereb f\u00ee f\u00fcn\u00fbni\u2019l-edeb.<\/em> K\u00e2hire: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcb ve\u2019l-Ves\u00e2iki\u2019l-Kavmiyye, 1423.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seyyid \u015eer\u00eef C\u00fcrc\u00e2n\u00ee. et-Ta\u02bbr\u00eef\u00e2t.<\/em> Beyrut: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-\u0130lmiyye, 1403\/1983. Taber\u00ee, Eb\u00fb Ca\u2019fer Muhammed b. Cer\u00eer b. Yez\u00eed el-\u00c2m\u00fcl\u00ee et-Taber\u00ee el-Ba\u011fd\u00e2d\u00ee. C\u00e2miu\u2019l-bey\u00e2n f\u00ee te\u2019v\u00eeli\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n. <\/em>Mekket\u00fc\u2019l-M\u00fckerreme: D\u00e2ru\u2019t-Terbiye ve\u2019t-T\u00fcr\u00e2s, ts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

*<\/a> https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5544-8548<\/a> \u0130stanbul Medeniyet \u00dcniversitesi, \u0130slami \u0130limler Fak\u00fcltesi, murat.kaya@medeniyet.edu.tr<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm \u015fu kitapta ne\u015fredilmi\u015ftir: Din Hizmetlerinde \u0130LET\u0130\u015e\u0130M VE TEBL\u0130\u011e,<\/em> ed. Prof. Dr. Hasan K\u00e2mil YILMAZ, Dr. \u00d6\u011fr. Faruk KANGER, \u0130stanbul: Ensar Ne\u015friyat, 2021, ss. 69-98.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Muhammed er-R\u00e2v\u00ee, ed-Da\u02bbvet\u00fc\u2019l \u0130sl\u00e2miyye da\u02bbveten \u00e2lemiyyeten,<\/em> D\u00e2ru\u2019t-Tevz\u00ee\u02bb ve\u2019n-Ne\u015fri\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2miyye, 1962, s. 12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> Ahmet \u011ealve\u015f, ed-Da\u02bbvet\u00fc\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2miyye -Us\u00fbl\u00fch\u00e2 ve ves\u00e2il\u00fch\u00e2-,<\/em> K\u00e2hire: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Kit\u00e2bi\u2019l-M\u0131sr\u00ee, 1407\/1987, s. 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Muhammed Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Feth el-Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee, el-Medhal il\u00e2 ilmi\u2019d-da\u02bbve,<\/em> Beyrut: Ris\u00e2le, 1415\/1995, s. 19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> Muhammed b. Sa\u02bbd Bugneh e\u015f-\u015eehr\u00e2n\u00ee, \u201c\u0130lm\u00fc\u2019d-Da\u02bbve ila\u2019ll\u00e2hi te\u00e2l\u00e2: Hak\u00eekat\u00fch\u00fb ve Ehemmiyyet\u00fch\u00fb -Dir\u00e2set\u00fcn Te\u2019s\u00eeliyye-\u201d, Bas\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019l-Kur\u00e2 \u00dcnv., ed-Da\u02bbve ve Us\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019d-D\u00een Fak., 2012\/1433, s. 33.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee, el-Medhal il\u00e2 ilmi\u2019d-da\u02bbve,<\/em> s. 35-36.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> Y\u00fbsuf 12\/108.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Ahmet \u00d6zel, \u201cAs\u0131l\u201d mad., TDV \u0130sl\u00e2m Ansiklopedisi<\/em>, https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/asil#1-fikih (21.09.2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> Muvatta\u2019,<\/em> Kader, 3; \u0130bn Hi\u015f\u00e2m, es-S\u00eerat\u00fc\u2019n-nebeviyye,<\/em> tkh. Mustafa es-Sekk\u0101 – \u0130brahim el-Eby\u00e2r\u00ee – Abd\u00fclhaf\u00eez e\u015f-\u015eeleb\u00ee, M\u0131s\u0131r: Matba\u02bbat\u00fc Mustafa el-B\u00e2b\u00ee, 1375\/1955, II, 604; H\u00e2kim, el-M\u00fcstedrek, <\/em>I, 171\/318; M\u00fcnzir\u00ee, et-Ter\u011f\u00eeb ve\u2019t-terh\u00eeb,<\/em> Katar, I, 80. H\u00e2kim sahih oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> Bu konuyla ilgili faydal\u0131 ve tafsilatl\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131klama i\u00e7in \u0130mam \u015e\u00e2fi\u00ee -rahimehullah-<\/em>\u2019\u0131n er-Ris\u00e2le<\/em> isimli eserine bak\u0131n\u0131z (thk. Ahmed Muhammed \u015e\u00e2kir, M\u0131s\u0131r: Matbaat\u00fc Mustafa el-B\u00e2b\u00ee el-Haleb\u00ee, 1358\/1940, s. 91-92). Ayr\u0131ca bkz. Hat\u00eeb el-Ba\u011fd\u00e2d\u00ee, el-Fak\u00eeh ve\u2019l-metefakk\u0131h,<\/em> thk. \u00c2dil b. Y\u00fbsuf el-\u011ear\u00e2z\u00ee, D\u00e2ru \u0130bni\u2019l-Cevz\u00ee, 1421, I, 270 vd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> en-Nis\u00e2 4\/59.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> el-M\u00e2ide 5\/92.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> \u015eehr\u00e2n\u00ee, \u201c\u0130lm\u00fc\u2019d-Da\u02bbve ila\u2019ll\u00e2hi te\u00e2l\u00e2\u201d, s. 66-82.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> Bkz. el-Mu\u02bbcem\u00fc\u2019l-vas\u00eet,<\/em> \u0633\u064a\u0631 mad., I, 470.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> Bkz. Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee, el-Medhal il\u00e2 ilmi\u2019d-da\u02bbve,<\/em> s. 140-141.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> Bu gibi farklar i\u00e7in bkz. Kar\u00e2f\u00ee, el-\u0130hk\u00e2m f\u00ee temy\u00eezi\u2019l-fet\u00e2v\u00e2 ani\u2019l-ahk\u00e2m ve tasarruf\u00e2ti\u2019l-k\u00e2d\u00ee ve\u2019l-im\u00e2m,<\/em> thk. Ebd\u00fclfettah Eb\u00fb Gudde, Beyrut: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Be\u015f\u00e2iri\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2miye, 1416\/1995; \u0130bn Kayy\u0131m, Z\u00e2d\u00fc\u2019l-me\u00e2d,<\/em> Beyrut: Ris\u00e2le, 1415\/1994; Teh\u00e2nev\u00ee, \u0130\u02bbl\u00e2\u00fc\u2019s-s\u00fcnen,<\/em> XIV, 68-69.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> el-Ahz\u00e2b 33\/21.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> \u0130bn Hacer, Fethu\u2019l-B\u00e2r\u00ee,<\/em> ne\u015fr: Muhammed Fu\u00e2d Abd\u00fclb\u00e2k\u00ee – Muhibbuddin el-Hat\u00eeb, Beyrut: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Ma\u02bbrife, 1379, VII, 17.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, S\u00fcnnet, 6\/4607; Tirmiz\u00ee, \u0130lim, 16\/2676, Tirmiz\u00ee \u201chadis hasen sahihtir\u201d demi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> Bkz. Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee, el-Medhal il\u00e2 ilmi\u2019d-da\u02bbve,<\/em> s. 145-147.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> Bkz. Hat\u00eeb el-Ba\u011fd\u00e2d\u00ee, el-Fak\u00eeh ve\u2019l-m\u00fctefakk\u0131h<\/em>, II, 138. Bkz. \u0130bn Abdilber, C\u00e2miu bey\u00e2ni\u2019l-ilmi ve fadlih<\/em>, I, 133-268. Bu hadis M\u00fcsned<\/em>\u2019de zay\u0131f bir senedle rivayet edilmi\u015ftir (II, 157).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> D\u00e2rekutn\u00ee, S\u00fcnen<\/em>, thk. \u015euayb Arna\u00fbt, Beyrut: Ris\u00e2le, 1424\/2004, IV, 56 (\u201cm\u00fcttak\u00eeler\u201d yerine \u201c\u00e2limler\u201d kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r). Had\u00eesi Hat\u00eeb el-Ba\u011fd\u00e2d\u00ee senediyle Ali (r.a)\u2019den \u015fu laf\u0131zla nakleder: \u201cNeb\u00eeler \u00f6nder, fakihler efendidirler, onlarla oturmak ki\u015fiyi yer y\u00f6nden geli\u015ftirir\u201d (el-Fak\u00eeh ve\u2019l-m\u00fctefakkih,<\/em> I, 142). Acl\u00fbn\u00ee onunla ilgili \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cRic\u00e2li sikad\u0131rlar\u201d (Bkz. Ke\u015ff\u00fc\u2019l-haf\u00e2,<\/em> thk. Abd\u00fclham\u00eed Hind\u00e2v\u00ee, el-Mektebet\u00fc\u2019l-Asr\u0131yye, 1420\/2000, I, 233). Heysem\u00ee de \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cRic\u00e2li mevsukturlar\u201d (Bkz. Mecmau\u2019z-zev\u00e2id,<\/em> thk. H\u00fcs\u00e2m\u00fcdd\u00een el-Kuds\u00ee, K\u00e2hire: Mektebet\u00fc\u2019l-Kuds\u00ee, 1414\/1994, I, 125-126). Heysem\u00ee\u2019nin s\u00f6z\u00fc \u0130bn Mes\u02bbud\u2019dan nakledilen mevkuf rivayet i\u00e7indir, bu rivayet i\u00e7in de\u011fildir, buna dikkat etmek gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> Hadisi Acl\u00fbn\u00ee zikretmi\u015f ve \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201cBunu \u0130bn Adiy, Ali (r.a)\u2019den rivayet etmi\u015ftir ve M\u00fcn\u00e2v\u00ee\u2019nin dedi\u011fi gibi sahihtir\u201d (Bkz. Ke\u015ff\u00fc\u2019l-haf\u00e2,<\/em> II, 76). Herh\u00e2lde bu Acl\u00fbn\u00ee\u2019nin hatas\u0131d\u0131r. Feyzu\u2019l-Kad\u00eer<\/em>\u2019de bunun i\u00e7in de\u011fil, \u00f6nceki hadis i\u00e7in \u201csahih\u201d denilmi\u015ftir (M\u0131s\u0131r: el-Mektebet\u00fc\u2019t-Tic\u00e2riyyet\u00fc\u2019l-K\u00fcbr\u00e2, 1356, III, 184).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Mesel\u00e2 \u015fu kitaplara bak\u0131labilir: \u0130bn Hacer, el-\u0130s\u00e2be<\/em>; \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Es\u00eer, \u00dcsd\u00fc\u2019l-\u011f\u00e2be<\/em>; Muhammed Y\u00fbsuf el-Kandehlev\u00ee, Hayatu\u2019s-sah\u00e2be<\/em>; \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Cevz\u00ee, S\u0131fet\u00fc\u2019s-Safve;<\/em> Zeheb\u00ee, Siyeru a\u02bblami\u2019n-n\u00fcbel\u00e2\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> Bkz. Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee, el-Medhal il\u00e2 ilmi\u2019d-da\u02bbve,<\/em> s. 148-151.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> F\u00e2t\u0131r 35\/32-33.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> \u015eehr\u00e2n\u00ee, \u201c\u0130lm\u00fc\u2019d-Da\u02bbve ila\u2019ll\u00e2hi te\u00e2l\u00e2\u201d, s. 60.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> \u0130zmirli, \u0130smail Hakk\u0131, Metodoloji<\/em>, sad. Refik Ergin, \u0130stanbul: \u00d6t\u00fcken Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2006, s. 26-27.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Bkz. el-\u0130sr\u00e2 17\/79; el-M\u00fczzemmil 73\/1-7, 20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> Bkz. Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee, el-Medhal il\u00e2 ilmi\u2019d-da\u02bbve,<\/em> s. 196-198.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> en-Nahl 16\/125.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> \u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n 3\/159.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> Bkz. Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee, el-Medhal il\u00e2 ilmi\u2019d-da\u02bbve,<\/em> s. 204-206.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> et-Tevbe 9\/13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Bkz. Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee, el-Medhal il\u00e2 ilmi\u2019d-da\u02bbve,<\/em> s. 208-212.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> Y\u00fbsuf 12\/111.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> el-A\u02bbr\u00e2f 7\/176.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> ez-Z\u00e2riy\u00e2t 51\/20-23.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> Fussilet 41\/53.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Ez\u00e2n, 18.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Ahmed b. Hanbel, M\u00fcsned<\/em>, III, 318; M\u00fcslim, Hacc, 310.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> el-Ahz\u00e2b 33\/21.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> M\u00fcslim, \u0130man, 78.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Bkz. Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee, el-Medhal il\u00e2 ilmi\u2019d-da\u02bbve,<\/em> s. 214-219.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> el-Bakara 2\/163.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> el-Bakara 2\/285.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> ez-Zuhruf 43\/15-19; ayr\u0131ca bkz. el-En\u02bb\u00e2m 6\/100, er-Ra\u02bbd 13\/33; es-S\u00e2ff\u00e2t 37\/158.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Bkz. Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee, el-Medhal il\u00e2 ilmi\u2019d-da\u02bbve,<\/em> s. 221-234.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> Bkz. Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee, el-Medhal il\u00e2 ilmi\u2019d-da\u02bbve,<\/em> s. 235-240.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> Bkz. Hal\u00eel b. Ahmed el-Fer\u00e2h\u00eed\u00ee, Kit\u00e2bu\u2019l-Ayn<\/em>, thk. Mehd\u00ee el-Mahz\u00fbm\u00ee – \u0130brahim es-S\u00e2mirr\u00e2\u00ee, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Hil\u00e2l, ts., III, 66-67; \u0130bn D\u00fcreyd, Cemheret\u00fc\u2019l-luga,<\/em> thk. Remz\u00ee M\u00fcn\u00eer Ba\u02bblebek, Beyrut: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-\u0130lm li\u2019l-Mel\u00e2y\u00een, 1987, \u201c\u062d\u0643\u0645\u201d md., 1: 564; \u0130bn F\u00e2ris, Mu\u02bbcemu mek\u00e2y\u00eesi\u2019l-lu\u011fa,<\/em> thk. Abd\u00fcssel\u00e2m Muhammed H\u00e2r\u00fbn, D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Fikr, 1399\/1979, <\/em>\u201c\u062d\u0643\u0645\u201d md., II, 91.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[50]<\/a> Hal\u00eel b. Ahmed, Ayn, <\/em>\u201c\u062d\u0643\u0645\u201d md., III, 66.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[51]<\/a> \u0130bn D\u00fcreyd, Cemheret\u00fc\u2019l-luga,<\/em> \u201c\u062d\u0643\u0645\u201d md., I, 564.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[52]<\/a> Eb\u00fc\u2019t-T\u00e2hir Mecd\u00fcdd\u00een Muhammed b. Ya\u2019k\u016bb b. Muhammed el-F\u00eer\u00fbz\u00e2b\u00e2d\u00ee, el-K\u0101m\u00fbs\u00fc\u2019l-muh\u00eet,<\/em> thk. Muhammed Nuaym el-Araks\u00fbs\u00ee, Beyrut: Risale, 1426\/2005, \u201c\u062d\u0643\u0645\u201d md., 1095.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[53]<\/a> F\u00eer\u00fbz\u00e2b\u00e2d\u00ee, el-K\u0101m\u00fbs\u00fc\u2019l-muh\u00eet,<\/em> \u201c\u062d\u0643\u0645\u201d md., 1095.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[54]<\/a> Elmal\u0131l\u0131 Muhammed Hamdi Yaz\u0131r, Hak Dini Kur\u2019\u00e2n Dili, <\/em>thk. A. C\u00fcneyt K\u00f6ksal – Murat Kaya, \u0130stanbul: T\u00fcrkiye Yazma Eserler Kurumu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2021, I, 966.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[55]<\/a> el-Bakara 2\/231, 269; en-Nis\u00e2 4\/113; en-Nahl 16\/125.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[56]<\/a> el-En\u02bb\u00e2m 6\/89; Meryem 19\/12; Lokm\u00e2n 31\/12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[57]<\/a> el-Bakara 2\/251; en-Nis\u00e2 4\/54; S\u00e2d 38\/20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[58]<\/a> el-Bakara 2\/269.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[59]<\/a> en-Nahl 16\/125.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[60]<\/a> Muk\u0101til b. S\u00fcleym\u00e2n b. Be\u015f\u00eer el-Ezd\u00ee el-Belh\u00ee, el-Vuc\u00fbh ve\u2019n-Nez\u00e2ir<\/em>, haz. Ali \u00d6zek, \u0130stanbul: \u0130lm\u00ee Ne\u015friyat, 1993, 28-29.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[61]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, C\u00e2miu\u2019l-bey\u00e2n f\u00ee te\u2019v\u00eeli\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n, <\/em>Mekket\u00fc\u2019l-M\u00fckerreme: D\u00e2ru\u2019t-Terbiye ve\u2019t-T\u00fcr\u00e2s, ts., III, 87.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[62]<\/a> Elmal\u0131l\u0131, Hak Dini Kur\u2019an Dili,<\/em> I, 966-980.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[63]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, C\u00e2miu\u2019l-bey\u00e2n,<\/em> III, 87.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[64]<\/a> \u0130bn At\u0131yye, el-Muharraru\u2019l-vec\u00eez f\u00ee tefsiri\u2019l-Kit\u00e2bi\u2019l-Az\u00eez, <\/em>thk. Abd\u00fc\u2019s-Selam Abd\u00fc\u2019\u015f-\u015e\u00e2f\u00ee Muhammed, Beyrut: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-\u0130lmiyye, 1422, I, 212.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[65]<\/a> Elmal\u0131l\u0131, Hak Dini Kur\u2019an Dili,<\/em> I, 981.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[66]<\/a> Bkz. Murat Kaya, \u201cPeygamberlere Gelen \u0130lahi Mesaj\u0131 Tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 \u00dc\u00e7 Temel \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fc: M\u00eez\u00e2n, Furk\u0101n ve Hikmet\u201d, Turkish Studies,<\/em> Volume 13\/17, Summer 2018, s. 210-211.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[67]<\/a> Bkz. Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee, el-Medhal il\u00e2 ilmi\u2019d-da\u02bbve,<\/em> s. 244-257.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[68]<\/a> Bkz. \u0130bn Manz\u00fbr, Lis\u00e2n\u00fc\u2019l-Arab,<\/em> \u0648\u0639\u0638 md., VII, 466; el-Mu\u02bbcem\u00fc\u2019l-vas\u00eet,<\/em> II, 1055.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[69]<\/a> T\u00e2-h\u00e2 20\/44.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[70]<\/a> el-Bakara 2\/83.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[71]<\/a> en-Nis\u00e2 4\/63.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[72]<\/a> el-Bakara 2\/83.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[73]<\/a> Bkz. Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee, el-Medhal il\u00e2 ilmi\u2019d-da\u02bbve,<\/em> s. 258-262.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[74]<\/a> Bkz. Merz\u00fbk Sel\u00eem el-Yevb\u00ee, \u201cel-Dur\u00fbsu\u2019d-da\u02bbviyye fi\u2019s-s\u00fcneni\u2019l-fi\u02bbliyye f\u00ee Sah\u00eehi\u2019l-\u0130m\u00e2m M\u00fcslim\u201d, Y\u00fcksek Enstit\u00fc, Da\u02bbvet ve \u0130htis\u00e2b B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc y\u00fcksek lisans tezi, 1411, s. 33-41.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[75]<\/a> \u0130bn Manz\u00fbr, Lis\u00e2n\u00fc\u2019l-Arab<\/em>, \u062c\u062f\u0644 mad., XI, 105; el-Mu\u02bbcem\u00fc\u2019l-evsat,<\/em> I, 111.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[76]<\/a> Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Bek\u0101, el-K\u00fclliyy\u00e2t,<\/em> thk. Adnan Derv\u00ee\u015f – Muhammed el-M\u0131sr\u00ee, Beyrut: M\u00fcesseset\u00fc\u2019r-Ris\u00e2le, ts., s. 353.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[77]<\/a> Seyyid \u015eer\u00eef C\u00fcrc\u00e2n\u00ee, et-Ta\u02bbr\u00eef\u00e2t,<\/em> Beyrut: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcbi\u2019l-\u0130lmiyye, 1403\/1983, s. 75.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[78]<\/a> en-Nahl 16\/125.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[79]<\/a> el-M\u00fc\u2019min 40\/5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[80]<\/a> Bkz. Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee, el-Medhal il\u00e2 ilmi\u2019d-da\u02bbve,<\/em> s. 263-270.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[81]<\/a> M\u00fcslim, Zek\u00e2t, 69.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[82]<\/a> el-En\u02bb\u00e2m 6\/90.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[83]<\/a> Bkz. Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee, el-Medhal il\u00e2 ilmi\u2019d-da\u02bbve,<\/em> s. 271-275.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[84]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u0130lim, 49.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[85]<\/a> M\u00fcslim, Mukaddime, 5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[86]<\/a> \u015eehr\u00e2n\u00ee, \u201c\u0130lm\u00fc\u2019d-Da\u02bbve ila\u2019ll\u00e2hi te\u00e2l\u00e2\u201d, s. 90-96.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[87]<\/a> el-Ahz\u00e2b 33\/30-32.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[88]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Bed\u2019\u00fc\u2019l-Halk, 10; M\u00fcslim, Z\u00fchd, 51.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[89]<\/a> e\u015f-\u015e\u00fbr\u00e2 42\/30.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[90]<\/a> Abdurrahman b. Abdullah el-M\u0131sr\u00ee (v. 257), F\u00fct\u00fbhu M\u0131sr ve\u2019l-Ma\u011frib,<\/em> Mektebet\u00fc\u2019s-Sek\u00e2feti\u2019d-D\u00eeniyye, 1415, s. 102; N\u00fcveyr\u00ee, Nih\u00e2yet\u00fc\u2019l-ereb f\u00ee f\u00fcn\u00fbni\u2019l-edeb,<\/em> K\u00e2hire: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-K\u00fct\u00fcb ve\u2019l-Ves\u00e2iki\u2019l-Kavmiyye, 1423, XIX, 305; Ali el-M\u00fcttak\u012b, Kenz\u00fc\u2019l-umm\u00e2l<\/em>, thk. Bekr\u00ee Hayy\u00e2n\u00ee – Safvet es-Sekk\u0101, Beyrut: er-Ris\u00e2le, 1401\/1981, V, 705.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[91]<\/a> Bkz. Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee, el-Medhal il\u00e2 ilmi\u2019d-da\u02bbve,<\/em> s. 345-351.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[92]<\/a> Bu hatan\u0131n tedavisi i\u00e7in bkz. Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hasan Ali en-Nedv\u00ee, en-N\u00fcb\u00fcvvet\u00fc ve\u2019l-enbiy\u00e2<\/em>; a.mlf., et-Tefs\u00eeru\u2019s-siy\u00e2s\u00ee li\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[93]<\/a> Bkz. Y\u00fbsuf el-Kard\u00e2v\u00ee, Evleviyy\u00e2tu\u2019l-hareketi\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2miyye fi\u2019l-merhaleti\u2019l-k\u00e2dime.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[94]<\/a> \u0130sl\u00e2m karde\u015fli\u011fi ve hukuku hakk\u0131nda yaz\u0131lanlar i\u00e7in bkz. Mahmud Fuad et-Tabb\u00e2h, Silsilet\u00fc m\u00fcctemai\u2019l-iman<\/em>; Abdullah Ulvan, el-Uhuvvet\u00fc\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2miye<\/em>; H\u00fcsni Edhem Cerr\u00e2r, el-Uhuvvet\u00fc ve\u2019l-hub fillah;<\/em> Hasan Hudeyb\u00ee, Du\u00e2t l\u00e2 kud\u00e2t<\/em>; Adnan Ali R\u0131za en-Nahv\u00ee, Keyfe teltak\u00ee el-Cem\u00e2\u00e2tu\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2miyye<\/em>; Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee, Vahdet\u00fc\u2019l-ameli\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee beyne\u2019l-emel ve\u2019l-v\u00e2ki\u02bb<\/em>; T\u00e2h\u00e2 C\u00e2bir Alv\u00e2n\u00ee, Edeb\u00fc\u2019l-ihtil\u00e2f fi\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m<\/em>; Numan es-S\u00e2mirr\u00e2\u00ee, et-Tekf\u00eer<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[95]<\/a> Bkz. Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee, Vahdet\u00fc\u2019l-ameli\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee beyne\u2019l-emel ve\u2019l-v\u00e2ki\u02bb<\/em>; a.mlf., Dir\u00e2s\u00e2t fi\u2019l-ihtil\u00e2f\u00e2til-f\u0131kh\u0131yye<\/em>; T\u00e2h\u00e2 C\u00e2bir, Edeb\u00fc\u2019l-ihtil\u00e2f fi\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m;<\/em> Karad\u00e2v\u00ee, es-Sahvet\u00fc\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2miyye beyne\u2019l-ihtil\u00e2fi\u2019l-me\u015fr\u00fb\u02bb ve\u2019t-teferruku\u2019l-mezm\u00fbm;<\/em> Adnan Ali R\u0131za en-Nahv\u00ee, Keyfe teltak\u00ee el-Cem\u00e2\u00e2tu\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2miyye <\/em>vd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[96]<\/a> Bkz. Muhammed Kutub, R\u00fc\u2019yet\u00fcn \u0130sl\u00e2miyye li-ahv\u00e2li\u2019l-\u00e2lemi\u2019l-mu\u02bb\u00e2s\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[97]<\/a> Bkz. Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee, el-Medhal il\u00e2 ilmi\u2019d-da\u02bbve,<\/em> s. 352-360.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[98]<\/a> el-Enf\u00e2l 8\/30; er-R\u00e2\u02bbd 13\/42; \u0130br\u00e2him 14\/46; Sebe\u2019 34\/33; et-T\u00e2r\u0131k 86\/15-17.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[99]<\/a> en-Neml 27\/48-53; Ahmet, V, 278; Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Mel\u00e2him, 5\/4297.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[100]<\/a> \u00d6rnek olarak bkz. Protokol\u00e2tu hukem\u00e2i s\u0131hyon; Ahc\u00e2r al\u00e2 ruk\u02bbati\u2019\u015f-\u015fatranc; <\/em>Abdurrahman Habenneke, Ecnihat\u00fc\u2019l-mekri\u2019s-sel\u00e2se; et-Tans\u00eer: Huttat\u00fcn li-\u011fazvi\u2019l-\u00e2lemi\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee <\/em>vd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[101]<\/a> Bkz. Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee, el-Medhal il\u00e2 ilmi\u2019d-da\u02bbve,<\/em> s. 367-369.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[102]<\/a> \u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n 3\/120, 186; Y\u00fbsuf 12\/90.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[103]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Meg\u00e2z\u00ee, 75; Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, 2937; M\u00fcslim, 2524; Ahmed b. Hanbel, M\u00fcsned,<\/em> II, 243, 448, 502.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[104]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Fed\u00e2il\u00fc\u2019l-Ash\u00e2b, 9, Me\u011f\u00e2z\u00ee, 38; M\u00fcslim, Fed\u00e2il\u00fc\u2019s-Sah\u00e2be, 34.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[105]<\/a> Bkz. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Tevh\u00eed, 1; M\u00fcslim, \u0130man, 29; Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Zek\u00e2t, 5; Nes\u00e2\u00ee, Zek\u00e2t, 46; \u0130bn M\u00e2ce, Zek\u00e2t, 1; Ahmed b. Hanbel, M\u00fcsned<\/em>, I, 233.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[106]<\/a> \u015eehr\u00e2n\u00ee, \u201c\u0130lm\u00fc\u2019d-Da\u02bbve ila\u2019ll\u00e2h\u201d, s. 43.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[107]<\/a> Bkz. Bey\u00e2n\u00fbn\u00ee, el-Medhal il\u00e2 ilmi\u2019d-da\u02bbve,<\/em> s. 53.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[108]<\/a> Bkz. \u015eehr\u00e2n\u00ee, \u201c\u0130lm\u00fc\u2019d-Da\u02bbve ila\u2019ll\u00e2hi te\u00e2l\u00e2\u201d, s. 98-104.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Do\u00e7. Dr. Murat Kaya* Davet \u0130lmi yeni bir ilim olmas\u0131 sebebiyle onunla ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak ve yazman\u0131n bir tak\u0131m zorluklar\u0131 vard\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu zorluklara ra\u011fmen biz bu ilmin tarifi, ana… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[9],"tags":[620,557,1008,470,1009,471,190],"class_list":["post-16630","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ilmimakaleler","tag-cagri","tag-davet","tag-davet-ilmi","tag-emr-bil-maruf","tag-metodoloji","tag-nehy-anil-munker","tag-teblig"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3G27m-4ke","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16630","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=16630"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16630\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16631,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16630\/revisions\/16631"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=16630"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=16630"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=16630"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}