Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) bir g\u00fcn sah\u00e2b\u00eelerine:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201c\u2013Cennet bah\u00e7elerine u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda oradan hakk\u0131yla istif\u00e2de ediniz\u201d<\/em> buyurmu\u015ftu. Ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Cennet bah\u00e7esiyle neyi kasdediyorsunuz y\u00e2 Ras\u00fblall\u00e2h?\u201d dediler. Efendimiz (s.a.v):<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Zikir halkalar\u0131n\u0131\u201d<\/em> buyurdular.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130bn Mes\u02bb\u00fbd (r.a) bu hadis-i \u015ferifi naklettikten sonra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cDikkat edin, ben k\u0131ssac\u0131lar\u0131n halkalar\u0131n\u0131 kastetmiyorum, f\u0131k\u0131h halkalar\u0131n\u0131 kastediyorum\u201d derdi.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c2limlerimiz hadisteki \u201czikir halkalar\u0131\u201d ile \u00f6ncelikle ilim halkalar\u0131n\u0131n kastedildi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir. Nitekim ayet-i kerimede \u201cBilmiyorsan\u0131z zikir ehline sorun\u201d<\/strong>[3]<\/a> buyrulur. Buradaki \u201czikir ehli\u201d, \u201cilim ehli\u201d demektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131 zikir\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n anlam alan\u0131 \u00e7ok geni\u015ftir. Allah\u2019\u0131n isim ve s\u0131fatlar\u0131n\u0131 zikretmek, O\u2019na hamd \u00fc sen\u00e2da bulunmak, O\u2019nu kendisine yak\u0131\u015fmayan \u015feylerden tenzih etmek, bu konularla ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden bahsetmek, emir ve yasaklar\u0131n\u0131 anlatmak, Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019in hadis-i \u015feriflerini okuyup dinlemek, dua etmek hep zikir kapsam\u0131na girer. En faziletli zikir ise Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019dir. Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 okumak, dinlemek, anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, tefsirini okuyup dinlemek, \u00e2yetleri \u00fczerinde tefekk\u00fcr etmek en g\u00fczel zikirdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130bn Hacer (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cZikir i\u00e7in, bundan ba\u015fkas\u0131 olmaz diye hus\u00fbs\u00ee bir \u015fey belirlenmemi\u015ftir\u2026 \u00abAllah\u2019\u0131 zikir\u00bb kavram\u0131na Kur\u2019\u00e2n til\u00e2veti, hadis-i \u015ferif okumak ve \u015fer\u02bb\u00ee bir ilimle me\u015fgul olmak da d\u00e2hildir.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n At\u00e2 el-Horas\u00e2n\u00ee \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir: \u201cZikir meclisleri; hel\u00e2l ve haram\u0131, nas\u0131l al\u0131p sataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, nas\u0131l namaz k\u0131l\u0131p oru\u00e7 tutaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, nas\u0131l nik\u00e2hlan\u0131p bo\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, nas\u0131l haccedece\u011fini ve benzeri \u015feyleri \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fin meclislerdir.\u201d[5]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fb M\u00fbs\u00e2 el-E\u015f\u02bbar\u00ee (r.a) bir g\u00fcn yats\u0131dan sonra Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in yan\u0131na gitmi\u015fti. Hz. \u00d6mer (r.a):<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Ni\u00e7in geldin?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Seninle konu\u015fmaya geldim.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Bu saatte mi?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Ama bu f\u0131k\u0131hla ilgili bir mes\u2019ele!\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fb M\u00fbs\u00e2 (r.a) b\u00f6yle deyince \u00d6mer (r.a) oturdu ve uzun m\u00fcddet konu\u015ftular. (Normalde yats\u0131dan sonra bir \u015feyle me\u015fgul olmay\u0131p istirahate \u00e7ekilir ve gece ibadetine kalkarlard\u0131. Vakit fecre yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda) Eb\u00fb M\u00fbs\u00e2 (r.a):<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Art\u0131k namaz k\u0131lal\u0131m ey m\u00fc\u2019minlerin em\u00eeri!\u201d dedi. Hz. \u00d6mer de:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Biz zaten namazda idik\u201d dedi.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Hz. \u00d6mer (r.a) bu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131yla yats\u0131dan sonra konu\u015fmay\u0131p hemen istirahate \u00e7ekilme s\u00fcnnetinin f\u0131kh\u00ee bir meselenin m\u00fcz\u00e2keresi i\u00e7in terkedilebilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi. Sonunda s\u00f6yledi\u011fi s\u00f6z\u00fcyle de d\u00een\u00ee ilimlerle me\u015fgul olman\u0131n namaz gibi bir ibadet oldu\u011funu ifade etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130bn Mes\u02bb\u00fbd (r.a) de \u201c\u0130lim tedris etmek namazd\u0131r\u201d[7]<\/a> buyurarak ayn\u0131 \u015feyi ifade etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00e2bi\u00eenin \u00e2bidlerinden Vehb b. M\u00fcnebbih \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u0130lim tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bir meclis bana o s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda n\u00e2file namaz k\u0131lmaktan daha sevimlidir. Belki de insan o mecliste bir s\u00f6z duyar ondan bir sene boyunca veya \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn geri kalan k\u0131sm\u0131nda istifade eder.\u201d[8]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu rivayetlerden anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n tefsirinden bahsedilen, Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019in hadis ve s\u00fcnnetlerinin nakledildi\u011fi, f\u0131kh\u0131n ve dinin \u00f6\u011frenildi\u011fi meclisleri en g\u00fczel zikir meclisleri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Hatta bunlar\u0131n tesbih, tahmid ve tekbirle yap\u0131lan zikir meclislerinden daha faziletli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Zira ilim meclisleri ya farz-\u0131 aynd\u0131r ya da farz-\u0131 kifaye, di\u011fer zikir meclisleri ise n\u00e2file meclislerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yani zikir meclisleri sadece Allah\u2019\u0131n isminin an\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 meclisler de\u011fildir. Allah\u2019\u0131n emir ve nehiylerinin, helal ve haram\u0131n\u0131n, sevip r\u00e2z\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve sevmeyip r\u00e2z olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feylerin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 meclisler de zikir meclisleridir. Hatta bunlar di\u011ferlerinden daha faydal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc helal ve haram\u0131 bilmek her m\u00fcsl\u00fcmana farzd\u0131r. Ancak dil ile Allah\u2019\u0131 zikretmek en fazla n\u00e2file bir ibadettir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00fcy\u00fck mutasavv\u0131f \u0130m\u00e2m-\u0131 Rabb\u00e2n\u00ee hazretleri, zaman\u0131ndaki insanlar\u0131n bozuk fikir ve itikatlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltmek, f\u0131kh\u00ee bilgilerini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fcyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p gayret ederdi. Ona g\u00f6re bir m\u00fcr\u015fid, yeni intis\u00e2b eden m\u00fcr\u00eedine Ehl-i S\u00fcnnet \u00eetik\u0101d\u0131na g\u00f6re inanc\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltmesini, kendisi i\u00e7in zarur\u00ee olan f\u0131kh\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00f6\u011frenip bununla amel etmesini tavsiye etmelidir.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Kendisi de m\u00fcridlerine d\u00een\u00ee ilimlere \u00e2it muhtelif kitaplar\u0131 okutur, uzak b\u00f6lgelerdeki vekillerine g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi mektuplar\u0131nda bunlar\u0131 okutmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u0131srarla hat\u0131rlat\u0131rd\u0131. Mesel\u00e2 tefsirden Beyd\u00e2v\u00ee<\/em>, hadisten Buh\u00e2r\u00ee<\/em> ve Mi\u015fk\u00e2t\u00fc\u2019l-Mes\u00e2b\u00eeh<\/em>, f\u0131k\u0131htan Pezdev\u00ee <\/em>ve Hid\u00e2ye<\/em>, ak\u0101idden \u015eerhu\u2019l-Mev\u00e2k\u0131f<\/em> ve H\u00e2\u015fiye-i Adud\u00ee<\/em>, tasavvuftan Av\u00e2rif\u00fc\u2019l-Me\u00e2rif<\/em>\u2019i okuturdu.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n F\u0131kh\u00ee meseleleri ezberinde tutmas\u0131na, onlar\u0131 \u00e7ok iyi bilmesine ve f\u0131k\u0131h us\u00fbl\u00fcnde tam bir sal\u00e2hiyete sahip olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, herhangi bir mesele zuh\u00fbr etti\u011finde ihtiyaten g\u00fcvenilir kitaplara m\u00fcr\u00e2caat eder, onlar\u0131 yan\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 ay\u0131rmazd\u0131. Fetv\u00e2 verilen g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe ve b\u00fcy\u00fck f\u0131k\u0131h\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n tercihine g\u00f6re amel ederdi.[11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bir mektubunda \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cDostlar\u0131ma d\u00e2im\u00e2 s\u00f6yledi\u011fim ve \u00f6mr\u00fcm\u00fcn sonuna kadar da s\u00f6yleyece\u011fim nasihat; Ehl-i S\u00fcnnet ve\u2019l-Cemaat\u2019e \u00e2it kel\u00e2m kitaplar\u0131ndaki bilgiler istik\u00e2metinde inanc\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczelttikten ve farz, v\u00e2cip, s\u00fcnnet, mendup, hel\u00e2l, haram, mekruh ve \u015f\u00fcpheli \u015feklindeki f\u0131kh\u00ee h\u00fck\u00fcmlerden yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenleri yap\u0131p terk edilmesi gerekenlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra, kalbi Hak te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u015feylerle me\u015fgul olmaktan kurtarmakt\u0131r\u2026\u201d[12]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e2ris el-Muh\u00e2sib\u00ee \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n zikrine devam et ki kurbiyetine (yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na) n\u00e2il olas\u0131n\u201d der.[13]<\/a> Bu s\u00f6z, bahsetti\u011fimiz bu zikirlerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck faydas\u0131na i\u015faret etmektedir ki o da Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019ya yakla\u015fmak<\/em>t\u0131r. \u00c2limlerimiz bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda zikrin daha pek \u00e7ok faydalar\u0131n\u0131 zikretmi\u015flerdir. Zikir kalbe ve bedene muazzam bir kuvvet verir. Zikreden kalp sudaki bal\u0131k gibidir, sudan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u00e2li ne olursa zikirden uzakla\u015fan kalbin h\u00e2li de \u00f6yle olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Son olarak \u015funu da hat\u0131rlatal\u0131m ki Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n ismini tekrar ederek yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zikirleri \u00e2d\u00e2b\u0131na ve \u015fartlar\u0131na riayet ederek yapmak gerekir. Bu esnada a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sallanarak ve bir tak\u0131m hareketler yaparak hu\u015f\u00fbyu ihl\u00e2l etmek do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Na\u011fme yaparak veya h\u0131zl\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek Allah\u2019\u0131n ismini bozuk ve anla\u015f\u0131lmaz bir \u015fekilde telaffuz etmek veya sadece nefes al\u0131p verme \u015fekline getirmek de yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar Allah\u2019\u0131n huzurunda olmas\u0131 gereken edebe riayetsizlik say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zikir Allah\u2019a t\u00e2zim ve ismine kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sayg\u0131 ve h\u00fcrmetle yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6yle oldu\u011fu takdirde gizli-a\u00e7\u0131k ferden veya cemaat h\u00e2linde zikretmekte bir mahzur yoktur. Bu zikir meclisleri ger\u00e7ekten faydal\u0131 ve olmas\u0131 gereken meclislerdir. Ancak onlar\u0131n yan\u0131na mutlaka namaz sahih olacak \u015fekilde Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131 d\u00fczg\u00fcn okumay\u0131 \u00f6\u011freten k\u0131raat meclislerini; f\u0131k\u0131h, hadis ve tefsir meclislerini de koymal\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n farz ve vacib zikir meclisleri oldu\u011funu unutmamal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [1]<\/a> Tirmiz\u00ee, Deav\u00e2t, 82\/3510.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [2]<\/a> Hat\u00eeb el-Ba\u011fd\u00e2d\u00ee, el-Fak\u00eeh ve\u2019l-m\u00fctefakk\u0131h,<\/em> 1\/95.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [3]<\/a> en-Nahl 16\/43; el-Enbiya 21\/7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [4]<\/a> Fethu\u2019l-B\u00e2r\u00ee,<\/em> 13\/23.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [5]<\/a> Hat\u00eeb el-Ba\u011fd\u00e2d\u00ee, el-Fak\u00eeh ve\u2019l-m\u00fctefakk\u0131h,<\/em> 1\/94.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [6]<\/a> \u0130bn Eb\u00ee \u015eeybe, el-Musannef,<\/em> 2\/79; Hat\u00eeb el-Ba\u011fd\u00e2d\u00ee, el-Fak\u00eeh ve\u2019l-m\u00fctefakk\u0131h,<\/em> 2\/267.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [7]<\/a> \u0130bn Abdilber, C\u00e2miu bey\u00e2ni\u2019l-ilmi,<\/em> 1\/104, no: 94.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [8]<\/a> D\u00e2rim\u00ee, Mukaddime, 32.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [9]<\/sup><\/a> \u0130m\u00e2m-\u0131 Rabb\u00e2n\u00ee, Mebde ve Me\u00e2d<\/em>, s. 36, 10. k\u0131s\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [10]<\/sup><\/a> Bedredd\u00een Sirhind\u00ee, Hazar\u00e2t\u00fc\u2019l-Kuds,<\/em> \u00d6zb. FA\u015eE Ktp., nr. 76, 2\/89.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [11]<\/sup><\/a> Eb\u00fb\u2019l-Hasan en-Nedv\u00ee, \u0130m\u00e2m-\u0131 Rabb\u00e2n\u00ee,<\/em> s. 182.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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