Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n ismi Uveymir b. Kays b. Zeyd el-Hazrec\u00ee\u2019dir. Bedir Gazvesi esn\u00e2s\u0131nda m\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldu. Ens\u00e2r\u2019dan en son \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a girenin o oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenir. Arkada\u015f\u0131 Abdullah b. Rev\u00e2ha (r.a) onun m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmas\u0131na vesile oldu\u011fu gibi onda \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee \u015fahsiyetin te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmesine de yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) onu Selm\u00e2n-\u0131 F\u00e2ris\u00ee ile karde\u015f yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) tic\u00e2retle me\u015fgul oluyordu. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a girdikten sonra tic\u00e2retle ib\u00e2deti ayn\u0131 anda y\u00fcr\u00fctemeyece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek ticareti b\u0131rakt\u0131. Tabi\u00ee ki bu onun fazla ibadet etmesi ve ona \u00e7ok ehemmiyet vermesi sebebiyle idi. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) hayattayken Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019i ezberleyerek tamam\u0131n\u0131 ona okudu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 hazretlerinin ayn\u0131 k\u00fcnyeyle an\u0131lan iki han\u0131m\u0131 vard\u0131r. Biri sah\u00e2b\u00ee olan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a), di\u011feri t\u00e2bi\u00eenden olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a). K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 Kur\u2019\u00e2n k\u0131raatindeki \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile tan\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n Bil\u00e2l<\/em> ve Yez\u00eed<\/em> isminde iki o\u011flu, Derd\u00e2<\/em> ve Nes\u00eebe<\/em> isminde iki k\u0131z\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. O\u011flu Bil\u00e2l Emev\u00eeler devrinde D\u0131ma\u015fk kad\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) ilme ve dini ya\u015famaya \u00e7ok ehemmiyet verir, insan\u0131n ilmiyle amel etmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylerdi. Tefsir, f\u0131k\u0131h, had\u00ees ve k\u0131raat ilimlerinde ashab\u0131n \u00f6nde gelenlerindendi. H\u00fck\u00fcm verirken ve had\u00ees riv\u00e2yet ederken \u00e7ok titiz davran\u0131rd\u0131. Uzak beldelerden gelen had\u00ees talebelerine riv\u00e2yette bulunduktan sonra ihtiyatl\u0131 davranarak \u201cHad\u00ees bunun gibi veya buna benzer \u015fekildedir\u201d derdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Abdullah b. Abb\u00e2s, Abdullah b. Amr b. \u00c2s, Enes b. M\u00e2lik gibi sah\u00e2b\u00eeler, kar\u0131s\u0131 \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2, o\u011flu Bil\u00e2l, C\u00fcbeyr b. N\u00fcfeyr, Eb\u00fb \u0130dr\u00ees el-Havl\u00e2n\u00ee, Sa\u00eed b. M\u00fcseyyeb, At\u00e2 b. Yes\u00e2r gibi t\u00e2bi\u00eeler ondan had\u00ees riv\u00e2yet etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) ile birlikte bir\u00e7ok gazvelere kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hz. Eb\u00fb Bekir devrinin sonlar\u0131nda ba\u015flayan Yerm\u00fck Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na ordu kad\u0131s\u0131 (k\u0101d\u0131lc\u00fcnd) olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130sl\u00e2m tarihinde bu vaz\u00eefe ilk defa onunla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu. Anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re daha sonra da bu vaz\u00eefeyi zaman zaman \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hz. \u00d6mer devrinde Med\u00eene-i M\u00fcnevvere\u2019de di\u011fer baz\u0131 sah\u00e2b\u00eelerle birlikte kad\u0131l\u0131k yapt\u0131. Suriye\u2019ye gitmek i\u00e7in izin istedi\u011finde \u00d6mer (r.a) oraya v\u00e2li olmas\u0131n\u0131 teklif etti ancak o bu vaz\u00eefeyi \u00fcstlenmedi. Sadece Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019in s\u00fcnnetinin ne\u015fri i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 ve insanlara namaz k\u0131ld\u0131rmay\u0131 istedi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hz. Mu\u00e2viye\u2019nin Suriye v\u00e2lili\u011fi esn\u00e2s\u0131nda bir k\u0131s\u0131m sah\u00e2b\u00ee ile birlikte K\u0131br\u0131s fethinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Suriye V\u00e2lisi Yez\u00eed b. Eb\u00ee S\u00fcfy\u00e2n halifeden Kur\u2019\u00e2n ve f\u0131k\u0131h hocas\u0131 istemi\u015fti. Hz. \u00d6mer, Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) ile birlikte iki ki\u015fiyi daha Suriye\u2019ye g\u00f6nderdi. \u00dc\u00e7 ki\u015filik bu muallim heyeti \u00f6nce Humus\u2019a gidip bir m\u00fcddet vaz\u00eefe icr\u00e2 etti. Pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2\u2019dan k\u0131raat dersi ald\u0131. Oradan D\u0131ma\u015fk\u2019a ge\u00e7en Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in emriyle D\u0131ma\u015fk kad\u0131s\u0131 oldu. D\u0131ma\u015fk\u2019\u0131n ilk kad\u0131s\u0131 odur. \u00d6mer (r.a) D\u0131ma\u015fk\u2019\u0131 ziyareti esn\u00e2s\u0131nda onu evinde ziyaret etmi\u015f ve z\u00e2hid\u00e2ne bir hayat ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n En m\u00fchim vas\u0131flar\u0131ndan biri Kur\u2019\u00e2n muallimli\u011fi oldu\u011fundan Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) D\u0131ma\u015fk Mukrii<\/em> diye me\u015fhur olmu\u015ftur. Sabah namaz\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcte\u00e2kip talebelerini okutmaya ba\u015flard\u0131. Onlar\u0131 onar ki\u015filik gruplara ay\u0131r\u0131r, her grubun ba\u015f\u0131na bir hoca tayin ederdi. Hocalar talebeleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken kendisi de mihrapta oturur veya halkalar aras\u0131nda dola\u015farak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 takip ederdi. Belli bir seviyeye ula\u015fan talebeler k\u0131raatlerini ona arzederlerdi. Bu us\u00fbl\u00fc ilk defa onun ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmektedir. K\u0131raat halkalar\u0131n\u0131n bazen 1600 ki\u015fiye kadar ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Ondan arz yoluyla Kur\u2019\u00e2n \u00f6\u011frenenler aras\u0131nda han\u0131m\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2, At\u0131yye b. Kays el-Kil\u00e2b\u00ee, H\u00e2lid b. Ma\u02bbd\u00e2n ve Ba\u02bblebek Kad\u0131s\u0131 S\u00fcveyd b. Abd\u00fclaz\u00eez vard\u0131r. Me\u015fhur yedi k\u0131r\u00e2at imam\u0131ndan biri olan \u0130bn \u00c2mir de ondan Kur\u2019\u00e2n dersi alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) \u00e2hiret hesab\u0131n\u0131 ve Allah r\u0131z\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131 her \u015feyin \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutard\u0131. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u201c\u00fcmmetimin en \u00e2bidi ve en m\u00fcttakisi\u201d<\/em>[1]<\/a> buyurarak onun faziletini beyan etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) d\u00fcnya mal\u0131na de\u011fer vermezdi. Yez\u00eed b. Mu\u00e2viye, k\u0131z\u0131 Derd\u00e2 ile evlenmek isteyince k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ona vermeyip fakir bir m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla evlendirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Do\u011fru bildi\u011fi \u015feyleri s\u00f6ylemekten hi\u00e7 \u00e7ekinmezdi. \u0130nsanlar\u0131 Allah\u2019\u0131 zikretmeye, \u00e2hireti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye, iyilik yapmaya, k\u00f6le \u00e2zat etmeye, yetimleri g\u00f6zetmeye, m\u00fctevaz\u0131 ve kanaatk\u00e2r olmaya, zul\u00fcmden \u015fiddetle ka\u00e7\u0131nmaya te\u015fvik ederdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) 32\/652 senesinde D\u0131ma\u015fk\u2019ta vefat etmi\u015f ve B\u00e2bu\u2019s-Sa\u011f\u012br Kabristan\u0131\u2019na defnedilmi\u015ftir. Onun da di\u011fer baz\u0131 sah\u00e2b\u00eeler gibi \u0130stanbul\u2019un Ey\u00fcp ve \u00dcsk\u00fcdar il\u00e7elerinde iki mak\u00e2m-kabri bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vehb b. Abdullah (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Hz. Selm\u00e2n ile Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2\u2019y\u0131 karde\u015f yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu sebeple Selm\u00e2n (r.a) Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2\u2019y\u0131 ziy\u00e2ret ederdi. Bir ziy\u00e2ret esn\u00e2s\u0131nda han\u0131m\u0131 \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2\u2019y\u0131 olduk\u00e7a eskimi\u015f elbiseler i\u00e7inde g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Ona:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Bu h\u00e2lin ne?\u201d diye sorunca kad\u0131n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Karde\u015fin Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 d\u00fcnya mal\u0131 ve zevklerine \u00f6nem vermez\u201d dedi. O esn\u00e2da Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) eve geldi ve haz\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeme\u011fi Selm\u00e2n\u2019a ikr\u00e2m edip:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Buyur yeme\u011fini ye, ben oru\u00e7luyum\u201d dedi. Selm\u00e2n (r.a):<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Sen yemedik\u00e7e ben de yemem\u201d diye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdi. Bunun \u00fczerine Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) mecb\u00fbren sofraya oturup yemek yemek zorunda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gece olunca Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) tehecc\u00fcd namaz\u0131 k\u0131lmaya haz\u0131rland\u0131. Selm\u00e2n (r.a) ona:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Uyu!\u201d dedi. Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 uyudu. Bir m\u00fcddet sonra tekrar kalkmaya davrand\u0131. Selm\u00e2n (r.a) yine:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Uyu!\u201d diyerek onu kald\u0131rmad\u0131. Gecenin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru Selm\u00e2n (r.a):<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013\u015eimdi kalk!\u201d dedi ve her ikisi birlikte kalk\u0131p namaz k\u0131ld\u0131lar. Sonra Selm\u00e2n (r.a) Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2\u2019ya \u015f\u00f6yle dedi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Senin \u00fczerinde Rabbinin hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r, nefsinin hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r, \u00e2ilenin hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r. Her hak s\u00e2hibine hakk\u0131n\u0131 ver.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne gidip olup biteni anlatt\u0131, Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v):<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Selm\u00e2n do\u011fru s\u00f6ylemi\u015f\u201d<\/em> buyurdu.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Selm\u00e2n (r.a) ger\u00e7ekten hikmet ehli bir sah\u00e2b\u00ee idi. Karde\u015fi Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2\u2019ya g\u00fczel bir ders verdi. \u00cetid\u00e2l \u00fczere olmak gerekti\u011fini, ad\u00e2let ve hakk\u00e2niyetin ancak bu \u015fekilde sa\u011flanabilece\u011fini \u00f6\u011fretti. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) de onu tasdik etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u058e<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ben Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yle buyururken i\u015fittim \u201cBana zay\u0131flar\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131z. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc siz ancak zay\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131z(\u0131n du\u00e2 ve bereketi) ile r\u0131z\u0131kland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve yard\u0131m edilirsiniz.\u201d<\/em>[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u058e<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) o\u011fluna \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Yavrucu\u011fum, cami evin olsun, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ben Ras\u00fblullah Efendimiz\u2019in \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu\u011funu i\u015fittim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00abC\u00e2miler m\u00fcttakilerin evidir. C\u00e2mi kimin evi olursa (Allah) ona rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131, rahmeti ve S\u0131rat\u2019tan ge\u00e7ip cennete kavu\u015fmay\u0131 garanti eder\u00bb.<\/em>\u201d[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u058e<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sevgilim (s.a.v) bana ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m s\u00fcrece asla terketmeyece\u011fim \u00fc\u00e7 \u015feyi tavsiye etti: Her ay \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn oru\u00e7 tutmak, ku\u015fluk namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131lmak ve uyumadan \u00f6nce vitir namaz\u0131n\u0131 eda etmek.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u058e<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bir g\u00fcn Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) develerine \u00e7ok fazla y\u00fck vuran insanlara rastlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Deve y\u00fck\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan aya\u011fa kalkam\u0131yordu. Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) hemen devenin \u00fczerindeki fazlal\u0131klar\u0131 at\u0131p hayvan\u0131 aya\u011fa kald\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra s\u00e2hiplerine \u015f\u00f6yle dedi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013E\u011fer Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2 hayvanlara yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z eziyetler sebebiyle kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 affederse size b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ma\u011ffirette bulunmu\u015f olur. Ben Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu\u011funu i\u015fittim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00abAllah te\u00e2l\u00e2 bu dilsiz hayvanlara iyi davranman\u0131z\u0131 emrediyor. Verimli bir araziden ge\u00e7iyorsan\u0131z hayvanlar\u0131n biraz otlamas\u0131na m\u00fcsaade edin. Kurak bir yerden ge\u00e7iyorsan\u0131z oradan \u00e7abuk ge\u00e7in, bu t\u00fcr yerlerde fazla oyalanarak hayvanlara s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ve zarar vermeyin\u00bb.\u201d<\/em>[6]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u058e<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) birg\u00fcn \u015eam\u2019da a\u011fa\u00e7 dikiyordu. Yan\u0131na birisi yakla\u015ft\u0131 ve:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Sen Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019in dostu oldu\u011fun h\u00e2lde a\u011fa\u00e7 dikmekle mi me\u015fgul oluyorsun?\u201d diyerek g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc h\u00e2l kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 if\u00e2de etti. Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 Hazretleri de o kimseye \u015fu cev\u00e2b\u0131 verdi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Dur bakal\u0131m, hakk\u0131mda b\u00f6yle aceleyle h\u00fck\u00fcm verme. Ben Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yle buyururken i\u015fittim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00abBir kimse a\u011fa\u00e7 diker de o a\u011fac\u0131n meyvesinden bir insan veya Allah\u2019\u0131n mahl\u00fbk\u00e2t\u0131ndan herhangi bir varl\u0131k yerse bu o a\u011fac\u0131 diken kimse i\u00e7in sadaka olur\u00bb.<\/em>\u201d[7]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m insanlara her y\u00f6n\u00fcyle \u00f6rnek olmu\u015f, yanl\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini d\u00fczeltmi\u015f ve yollar\u0131n\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Onlar bizim i\u00e7in Allah\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck nimetleridirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u058e<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kays b. Kes\u00eer \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cD\u0131ma\u015fk\u2019ta bulunan Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 Hazretleri\u2019ne Med\u00eene-i M\u00fcnevvere\u2019den bir z\u00e2t geldi. Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a):<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Karde\u015fim seni buralara kadar getiren nedir?\u201d diye sordu. O ki\u015fi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Bir had\u00ees-i \u015fer\u00eef. Bana ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re sen o had\u00eesi Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019nden riv\u00e2yet ediyormu\u015fsun (ilk r\u00e2v\u00eeden dinlemek i\u00e7in geldim)\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Ba\u015fka herhangi bir ihtiya\u00e7 i\u00e7in gelmedin mi?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Hay\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Tic\u00e2ret i\u00e7in de mi gelmedin?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Hay\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Sadece o bir tek had\u00ees-i \u015fer\u00eefi \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in geldin \u00f6yle mi?! Ben Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu\u011funu i\u015fitmi\u015ftim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00abKim ilim \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in yola \u00e7\u0131karsa Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2 ona cennet yolunu kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Melekler ilim \u00f6\u011frenenlerden ho\u015fland\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in onlara kanat gererler. G\u00f6klerde ve yerde bulunan varl\u0131klar hatt\u00e2 sudaki bal\u0131klar bile \u00e2limlerin affedilmesi i\u00e7in Allah\u2019a yalvar\u0131rlar. Bir \u00e2limin, sadece ib\u00e2detle me\u015fgul olan bir kimseye \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, on d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc gecesinde ay\u0131n di\u011fer y\u0131ld\u0131zlara \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibidir. \u00c2limler peygamberlerin miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r, peygamberler alt\u0131n g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f de\u011fil sadece ilmi m\u00eeras b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu ilim m\u00eer\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131 alan kimse \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir nas\u00eeb alm\u0131\u015f<\/em> olur.\u201d<\/em>[8]<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m ve onlar\u0131n talebeleri ilme b\u00f6ylesine de\u011fer veriyorlard\u0131. Bildikleri bir bilgiyi sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bile aylarca me\u015fakkatli yolculu\u011fa katlan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Onlara bunu yapt\u0131ran \u015fey Allah ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u0131srarla ilme te\u015fvik etmeleri idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u058e<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cRas\u00fblullah (s.a.v) ile beraberdik, g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc semaya dikti, sonra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00ab\u2013\u015eu anlar ilmin insanlardan \u00e7ekip al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlard\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki insanlar ondan hi\u00e7bir \u015feye k\u00e2dir olamazlar\u00bb<\/em> buyurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ziy\u00e2d b. Lebid el-Ens\u00e2r\u00ee (r.a) araya girip:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00ab\u2013Bizler Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 okuyup dururken ilim bizlerden nas\u0131l al\u0131n\u0131r? Vallahi biz onu hem okuyaca\u011f\u0131z, hem de han\u0131mlar\u0131m\u0131za ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131za okutaca\u011f\u0131z\u00bb dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v):<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00ab\u2013Allah iyili\u011fini versin ey Ziyad, ben de seni Med\u00eene\u2019nin fakihlerinden biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fcm. Bak,<\/em> i\u015fte Tevrat ve \u0130ncil, yah\u00fbd\u00eelerin ve nasr\u00e2n\u00eelerin elinde, onlara ne faydas\u0131 oluyor?\u00bb<\/em> buyurdu.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00fcbeyr der ki: \u201cUb\u00e2de b. S\u00e2mit\u2019e rastlad\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00ab\u2013Karde\u015fin Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 ne dedi i\u015fittin mi?\u00bb dedim ve ona Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6ylediklerini naklettim. Bana:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00ab\u2013Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 do\u011fru s\u00f6ylemi\u015f, dilersen kald\u0131r\u0131lacak olan ilk ilmin ne oldu\u011funu sana haber vereyim. \u0130nsanlardan kald\u0131r\u0131lacak olan ilk ilim hu\u015f\u00fb\u2019dur. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir c\u00e2miye girip hu\u015f\u00fb \u00fczere olan tek bir \u015fah\u0131s bile g\u00f6remeyece\u011fin g\u00fcnler yak\u0131nd\u0131r\u00bb dedi.\u201d[9]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) ilme te\u015fvik etmekle birlikte orada kalmay\u0131p as\u0131l maksat olan amele ge\u00e7mek gerekti\u011fini t\u00e2lim etmi\u015ftir. Bilgiyi sadece ezberlemek insana fayda vermez. O kimse c\u00e2hil mes\u00e2besindedir. Hatta bildikleri aleyhine delil oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in daha k\u00f6t\u00fc durumdad\u0131r. As\u0131l g\u00e2ye bildi\u011fiyle amel etmektir. Ki\u015fi amel etti\u011fi zaman ilmi ger\u00e7ek h\u00fcviyetine kavu\u015fmu\u015f ve tamamlanm\u0131\u015f olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u058e<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cSizin amelleriniz akrabalar\u0131n\u0131zdan ve kabilenizden vefat edenlere arz edilir. E\u011fer amelleriniz hay\u0131rl\u0131 ise onunla sevinirler. Hay\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011filse \u00abAllah\u2019\u0131m bizi hidayete erdirdi\u011fin gibi onlar\u0131 da hidayete erdirmeden canlar\u0131n\u0131 alma\u00bb diye du\u00e2 ederler.\u201d<\/em>[10]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2026Allah\u2019\u0131m! Onlara sana itaat etmelerini ilh\u00e2m eyle\u2026\u201d <\/em>derler.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) bu had\u00ees-i \u015fer\u00eefi hat\u0131rlay\u0131nca:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131m!Beni Abdullah b. Rev\u00e2ha\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131nda rezil r\u00fcsv\u00e2 eyleme\u201d diye du\u00e2 ederdi.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Abdullah b. Rev\u00e2ha (r.a) Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 hazretlerinin yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 idi. Onun \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a girmesine vesile olmu\u015f ve ona \u00e7ok \u015feyler \u00f6\u011fretmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u058e<\/p>\n\n\n\n Abdullah b. Sel\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n o\u011flu Y\u00fbsuf (r.a) anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bir m\u00fcddet Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131nda kald\u0131m ve ondan ilim \u00f6\u011frendim. Kendisine \u00f6l\u00fcm geldi\u011finde bana:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013\u0130nsanlara vef\u00e2t etmek \u00fczere oldu\u011fumu haber ver\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ben de insanlara onun vef\u00e2t etmek \u00fczere oldu\u011funu haber verip geldim. Evin i\u00e7i ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131 insanla dolup ta\u015ft\u0131. Kendisine:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Vef\u00e2t etmek \u00fczere oldu\u011funu insanlara haber verdim, evin i\u00e7i-d\u0131\u015f\u0131 insan doldu\u201d dedim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Beni onlar\u0131n yan\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u201d dedi, g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Beni oturtun\u201d dedi, biz de kendisini oturttuk. Sonra \u015f\u00f6yle dedi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Ey insanlar! Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu\u011funu i\u015fittim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00abKim abdest al\u0131r ve abdestini g\u00fczelce tamamlar sonra da iki rek\u00e2t namaz k\u0131lar ve bunu eksiksiz olarak ed\u00e2 ederse Allah ona istedi\u011fini hemen ya da daha sonra mutlaka verir\u00bb<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sonra s\u00f6zlerine \u015f\u00f6yle dev\u00e2m etti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cEy insanlar! Sak\u0131n namazda (k\u0131bleden) ba\u015fka tarafa d\u00f6n\u00fcp bakmay\u0131n. Z\u00eer\u00e2 ba\u015fka taraflara d\u00f6n\u00fcp bakan kimsenin namaz\u0131 kabul olmaz. N\u00e2filede kendinize h\u00e2kim olamay\u0131p bunu yapt\u0131ysan\u0131z bile sak\u0131n farzda yapmay\u0131n, mutlaka dikkat edin.\u201d[13]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu \u00e2lim sah\u00e2b\u00eenin son nefesine kadar insanlara ilim \u00f6\u011fretti\u011fine \u015f\u00e2hit oluyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u058e<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cBir g\u00fcn Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) yan\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kageldi. Biz o s\u0131rada fakirlikten s\u00f6z ediyor ve korkumuzu dile getiriyorduk:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00ab\u2013Fakirlikten mi korkuyorsunuz? Can\u0131m\u0131 kudret elinde tutan Z\u00e2t-\u0131 Z\u00fc\u2019l-Cel\u00e2l\u2019e yemin olsun ki d\u00fcnya mal\u0131 mutlaka \u00fczerinize ak\u0131t\u0131lacakt\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki sizden birinin kalbini (haktan ba\u015fka istikametlere) sadece ve sadece d\u00fcnyal\u0131k meylettirecektir. Allah\u2019a yemin ederim ki ben sizleri gecesi de g\u00fcnd\u00fcz\u00fc de e\u015fit apa\u00e7\u0131k ve tertemiz bir (din ve kalb) \u00fczere b\u0131rak\u0131yorum\u00bb<\/em> buyurdu.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 devamla der ki:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cVallahi Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) do\u011fru s\u00f6yledi. Vallahi o bizi gecesi de g\u00fcnd\u00fcz\u00fc de e\u015fit apa\u00e7\u0131k ve tertemiz bir (din ve kalb)\u00fczere b\u0131rakt\u0131.\u201d[14]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) ash\u00e2b\u0131na apa\u00e7\u0131k, s\u00e2de, tertemiz ve m\u00fcs\u00e2mahak\u00e2r Hak d\u00eenini b\u0131rakt\u0131, onlar da b\u00fcy\u00fck fed\u00e2karl\u0131klarla onu bize naklettiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u058e<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cEb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 bir s\u00f6z s\u00f6yledi\u011finde muhakkak tebess\u00fcm ederdi. Birg\u00fcn ona:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00ab\u2013\u0130nsanlar\u0131n sana ahmak demelerinden korkuyorum!\u00bb dedim. O da:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00ab\u2013Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) bir s\u00f6z s\u00f6yledi\u011finde muhakkak tebess\u00fcm ederdi\u00bb dedi.\u201d[15]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) m\u00fcsl\u00fcman karde\u015fimizin y\u00fcz\u00fcne tebess\u00fcm etmenin sadaka oldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015ftir. Tebess\u00fcm insana ferahl\u0131k ve g\u00fcven verir, r\u00fbhunu ayd\u0131nlat\u0131r. Tebess\u00fcm artt\u0131k\u00e7a b\u00fct\u00fcn toplum huz\u00fbra kavu\u015fur. Bu ne b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ibadettir. Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun bu s\u00fcnneti ya\u015fatman\u0131n derdindedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u058e<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) (D\u0131ma\u015fk\u2019ta kad\u0131 iken) m\u00e2nev\u00ee karde\u015fi Hz. Selm\u00e2n\u2019a \u201cArz-\u0131 Mukaddes\u2019e gel!\u201d diye mektup yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Selm\u00e2n (r.a) da ona \u015f\u00f6yle yazd\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cToprak hi\u00e7kimseyi mukaddes k\u0131lmaz! \u0130nsan\u0131 kuds\u00eele\u015ftirecek olan \u015fey onun amelidir. Duydu\u011fuma g\u00f6re seni doktor yapm\u0131\u015flar insanlar\u0131 ted\u00e2v\u00ee ediyormu\u015fsun. \u0130yile\u015ftirebiliyorsan senin i\u00e7in ne iyi. Yok \u00f6yle de\u011fil de doktorluk tasl\u0131yorsan, bir ki\u015fiyi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcp de cehenneme girmekten sak\u0131n!\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bundan sonra Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) iki ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm verdi\u011finde onlar d\u00f6n\u00fcp giderken arkalar\u0131ndan \u015f\u00f6yle bir bakar ve:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2012Geri d\u00f6n\u00fcn ve mes\u2019elenizi bana tekrar arzedin, vallahi ben sahte doktor olmaktan korkuyorum\u201d derdi.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ki\u015finin hikmet ehli bir karde\u015fe ve arkada\u015fa s\u00e2hip olmas\u0131 ne b\u00fcy\u00fck bir nimettir. Selm\u00e2n (r.a) hayat\u0131n\u0131n sonuna kadar karde\u015fini kollam\u0131\u015f, ona hep yol g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u058e<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kays b. Bi\u015fr et-Ta\u011flib\u00ee \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bana, Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 olan babam \u015f\u00f6yle haber verdi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u0131ma\u015fk\u2019da Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ash\u00e2b\u0131ndan \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Hanzaliyye isminde bir z\u00e2t vard\u0131 (\u0130smi Sehl b. Amr veya Sehl b. Reb\u00ee\u02bb b. Amr el-Ens\u00e2r\u00ee idi ve R\u0131dv\u00e2n Bey\u02bbati\u2019nde bulunmu\u015ftu). Bu sah\u00e2b\u00ee yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131na ya\u015fayan ve insanlarla \u00e7ok az g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fen bir ki\u015fi idi. Hep namaz k\u0131lar, namazdan ayr\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7oluk-\u00e7ocu\u011funun yan\u0131na giderken de tekb\u00eer ve tesb\u00eeh ile me\u015fgul olurdu. Biz Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131nda otururken bu z\u00e2t yan\u0131m\u0131za u\u011frad\u0131. Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) ona:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Bize fayda verecek, sana zarar\u0131 dokunmayacak bir s\u00f6z s\u00f6yleyebilir misiniz?\u201d dedi. \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Hanzaliyye (r.a) \u015funlar\u0131 anlatt\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) bir seriyye g\u00f6ndermi\u015f, bir m\u00fcddet sonra bunlar seferden d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015flerdi. Onlar\u0131n i\u00e7inden bir asker Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn meclisine gelip oturdu ve yan\u0131ndaki z\u00e2ta \u015f\u00f6yle dedi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00ab\u2013D\u00fc\u015fmanla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman bizi bir g\u00f6rmeliydin, fil\u00e2n kimse d\u00fc\u015fmana sald\u0131rd\u0131, m\u0131zra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 saplad\u0131 ve \u201cAl benden sana, ben G\u0131farl\u0131 delikanl\u0131y\u0131m!\u201d dedi. Sen onun bu s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc nas\u0131l buluyorsun?\u00bb diye sordu. Yan\u0131ndaki \u015fah\u0131s:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00ab\u2013Benim kanaatim o ki\u015finin b\u00fct\u00fcn sevab\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015fa gitti\u011fidir\u00bb diye cevap verdi. Bu s\u00f6z\u00fc i\u015fiten bir ba\u015fkas\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00ab\u2013Bunda bir sak\u0131nca g\u00f6rm\u00fcyorum\u00bb dedi. Bunun \u00fczerine ikisi m\u00fcnaka\u015fa ettiler. Neticede olup biteni Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) duydu ve:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00ab\u2012S\u00fcbh\u00e2nallah! Bu ki\u015finin ecir kazanmas\u0131nda ve \u00f6v\u00fclmesinde bir sak\u0131nca yoktur\u00bb<\/em> buyurdu.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ben Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 Hazretleri\u2019nin buna sevindi\u011fini ve ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p sah\u00e2b\u00eeye:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Sen bunu Ras\u00fblullah\u2019tan i\u015fittin mi?\u201d diye sordu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fcm, o sah\u00e2b\u00ee de \u201cEvet\u201d diyordu. Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) sah\u00e2b\u00eeye ayn\u0131 soruyu tekrar tekrar sorup duruyordu, hatta ben kendi kendime \u201cDizlerinin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u00f6kecek\u201d diyordum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Hanzaliyye (r.a) ba\u015fka bir g\u00fcn yine yan\u0131m\u0131za u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) yine ona:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Bize fayda verecek, sana zarar\u0131 dokunmayacak bir s\u00f6z s\u00f6yleyebilir misin?\u201d dedi. O da \u015f\u00f6yle dedi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) bize \u00abCih\u00e2d i\u00e7in haz\u0131r tuttu\u011fu at\u0131 yedirip i\u00e7irip ona g\u00fczelce bakan kimse, sadaka vermek i\u00e7in elini a\u00e7\u0131p hi\u00e7 kapatmayan ki\u015fi gibidir\u00bb <\/em>buyurdu.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu zat ba\u015fka bir g\u00fcn yine yan\u0131m\u0131za u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) yine kendisine:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Bize fayda sa\u011flayacak, sana zarar\u0131 dokunmayacak bir s\u00f6z s\u00f6yleyebilir misin?\u201d dedi. Bunun \u00fczerine \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Hanzaliyye (r.a) \u015funlar\u0131 anlatt\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) bize \u00abHureym el-\u00dcseyd\u00ee ne iyi adamd\u0131r, ke\u015fke z\u00fcl\u00fcfleri ile elbisesinin eteklerini uzatmasayd\u0131\u00bb <\/em>buyurmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Efendimiz\u2019in bu s\u00f6z\u00fc Hureym\u2019e ula\u015f\u0131nca hemen eline bir b\u0131\u00e7ak al\u0131p z\u00fcl\u00fcflerini kulaklar\u0131na kazadar kesti, elbisesinin ucunu da bacaklar\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131na kadar kald\u0131rd\u0131.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Hanzaliyye (r.a) bir g\u00fcn yine bize u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) ona yine:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Bize fayda sa\u011flayacak, sana da zarar\u0131 olmayacak bir s\u00f6z lutfetseniz\u201d dedi. O da \u015f\u00f6yle dedi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v)\u2019i \u015f\u00f6yle buyururken i\u015fittim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00abSizler karde\u015flerinizin yan\u0131na varacaks\u0131n\u0131z, binek hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fczene koyunuz, elbiselerinize \u00e7eki d\u00fczen veriniz ki insanlar aras\u0131nda y\u00fczdeki g\u00fczellik tims\u00e2li olan ben gibi olunuz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7irkin s\u00f6z\u00fc ve fiili ve bunlar\u0131 s\u00f6yleyip yapmay\u0131 sevmez\u00bb.\u201d<\/em>[17]<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) bir taraftan ilim \u00f6\u011fretirken bir taraftan da \u00f6\u011frenme gayreti i\u00e7indeydi. Faydas\u0131z bir \u015feyle vakit ge\u00e7irmiyor ama bunu yaparken b\u00fcy\u00fck bir nez\u00e2ket ve zer\u00e2fetle hareket ederek ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmesine de asl\u00e2 m\u00fcs\u00e2ade etmiyordu. Di\u011fer insanlara zarar vererek kendisine fayda sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m\u0131n l\u00fcgatinde yoktu. Onlardan ne kadar \u00e7ok ve ne kadar g\u00fczel \u015feyler \u00f6\u011freniyoruz, elhamd\u00fclillah.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u058e<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kurey\u015f\u2019ten bir z\u00e2t Ens\u00e2r\u2019dan birinin di\u015fini k\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Muaviye di\u015fi k\u0131ran kimseye arka \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca di\u015fi k\u0131r\u0131lan z\u00e2t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Ey M\u00fc\u2019minlerin Em\u00eeri, bu adam benim di\u015fimi k\u0131rd\u0131\u201d dedi. Muaviye de:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Seni r\u00e2z\u0131 edece\u011fiz\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n O z\u00e2t \u0131sr\u00e2r edip r\u00e2z\u0131 olmay\u0131nca Mu\u00e2viye:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Ben kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131yorum, ne h\u00e2lin varsa g\u00f6r, kendi i\u015fini kendin hallet\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Muaviye\u2019nin yan\u0131nda oturmakta olan Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle dedi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019in \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu\u011funu iki kula\u011f\u0131m i\u015fitmi\u015f ve kalbim ezberlemi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00abBir kimsenin v\u00fccuduna bir zarar gelir de onu affederse bu sebeple Allah (c.c) onu bir derece y\u00fckseltir ve bir g\u00fcnah\u0131n\u0131 siler.\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ens\u00e2r\u2019dan olan z\u00e2t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Bu s\u00f6z\u00fc sen bizzat Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019nden i\u015fittin mi?\u201d diye sordu. Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a):<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Kulaklar\u0131m dinledi kalbim kavrad\u0131\u201d dedi. Ens\u00e2r\u00ee:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013O h\u00e2lde o di\u015fi ona ba\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131yorum\u201d dedi. Muaviye:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Zarar\u0131n yok, seni mahrum b\u0131rakmayaca\u011f\u0131m\u201d dedi ve kendisine bir miktar mal verilmesini emretti.[18]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Sah\u00e2b\u00eenin ilmi tam vaktinde imd\u00e2da yeti\u015fti ve insanlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131dan kurtard\u0131. \u0130htiya\u00e7 oldu\u011fu anda do\u011fru bilgiyi ortaya koyabilmek ne b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ibadet!<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u058e<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) \u00e7evresinde olup bitenlere ibret nazar\u0131yla bakan ve ibadete \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn olan bir sah\u00e2b\u00ee idi. Tefekk\u00fcre ve ibret almaya \u00e7ok \u00f6nem verir, \u201cBir saat tefekk\u00fcr k\u0131rk gece n\u00e2file ib\u00e2detten \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u201d[19]<\/a> derdi. Bunun bir neticesi olarak da kendisinden hikmetli s\u00f6zler s\u00e2d\u0131r olurdu. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u201cbu \u00fcmmetin hak\u00eemi\u201d<\/em>[20]<\/a> buyurarak onun bu y\u00f6n\u00fcne dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00fcbeyr b. Nef\u00eer anlat\u0131yor: K\u0131br\u0131s fetholununca ah\u00e2lisi da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. Halk mahzun bir \u015fekilde birbirine a\u011fl\u0131yordu. O esn\u00e2da Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2\u2019y\u0131 yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131na oturmu\u015f a\u011flarken g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Ona:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Ey Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2, Allah\u2019\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 ve m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir g\u00fcnde seni b\u00f6ylesine a\u011flatan nedir?\u201d diye sordum. Bana \u015fu cev\u00e2b\u0131 verdi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Yaz\u0131klar olsun sana ey C\u00fcbeyr!.. \u0130nsanlar Allah\u2019\u0131n emrini terk edince O\u2019nun kat\u0131nda ne kadar da de\u011fersizle\u015fiyorlar. Bak bu halk bir zamanlar iktidar ve mal-m\u00fclk s\u00e2hibi, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc-kuvvetli ki\u015filerdi. Allah\u2019\u0131n emirlerini terk ettikleri zaman i\u015fte g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bu duruma d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler.\u201d[21]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Nitekim \u00e2yet-i ker\u00eemelerde \u015f\u00f6yle buyrulur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2026Bir millet kendilerinde bulunan g\u00fczel ahl\u00e2k ve meziyetleri de\u011fi\u015ftirmedik\u00e7e Allah da onlara verdi\u011fi n\u00eemeti, g\u00fczel durumu de\u011fi\u015ftirmez\u2026\u201d<\/em>[22]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2026Bir toplum s\u00e2hip oldu\u011fu h\u00e2li de\u011fi\u015ftirmedik\u00e7e, hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphe yok ki Allah da o toplumun h\u00e2lini de\u011fi\u015ftirmez\u2026\u201d<\/em>[23]<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) ne kadar hassas bir kalbe s\u00e2hip. D\u00fc\u015fman\u0131na bile merhamet eden hisli bir y\u00fcrek. Onlar\u0131n maksad\u0131 Allah\u2019\u0131n kullar\u0131n\u0131 ebed\u00ee sa\u00e2dete kavu\u015fturmakt\u0131. Bu da Allah\u2019a itaat etmekle olur. Bu sebeple insanlara ilim \u00f6\u011fretiyor, Allah\u2019\u0131 ve k\u00e2in\u00e2t\u0131 tan\u0131t\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bunlar\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenen insanlar yapmalar\u0131 gereken \u015feyin Allah\u2019a \u00eem\u00e2n ve itaat oldu\u011funu anl\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u058e<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 Hazretleri bir g\u00fcn \u015fehri dola\u015f\u0131rken halk\u0131n bir g\u00fcnahk\u00e2ra a\u011f\u0131r s\u00f6zlerle hak\u00e2ret ettiklerine \u015f\u00e2hid oldu. Onlara sordu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Siz kuyuya d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f bir adam g\u00f6rseniz onu oradan \u00e7\u0131karmaz m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Evet, \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r\u0131z!\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013O h\u00e2lde karde\u015finize a\u011f\u0131r s\u00f6zler s\u00f6ylemeyin, size \u00e2fiyet veren Allah\u2019a hamd edin.\u201d \u0130nsanlar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Peki siz bu g\u00fcnahk\u00e2ra k\u0131zm\u0131yor musunuz?\u201d diye hayretle sorunca Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn terbiyesinde yeti\u015fmi\u015f bulunan g\u00fcz\u00eede sah\u00e2b\u00ee \u015fu cev\u00e2b\u0131 verdi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Ben onun kendisine ve \u015fahsiyetine de\u011fil g\u00fcn\u00e2h\u0131na k\u0131z\u0131yorum, g\u00fcn\u00e2h\u0131 terk etti\u011finde o yine benim din karde\u015fimdir.\u201d[24]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Hayat\u0131n g\u00e2yesi insan kurtarmak. Maksat bu olunca h\u00e2diselere bak\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u058e<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle derdi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cSizin insan\u0131 e\u011flendiren n\u00eemetlere dalarak gizli bir \u015fehvete kap\u0131lman\u0131zdan korkuyorum. Bu \u015fehvet, ilim bak\u0131m\u0131ndan a\u00e7 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z h\u00e2lde m\u00eedenizi yemekle iyice doldurdu\u011funuz zaman ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Sizin en hay\u0131rl\u0131n\u0131z, arkada\u015f\u0131na \u015fu nasihati yapand\u0131r: \u00abHaydi gel \u00f6lmeden evvel oru\u00e7 tutal\u0131m.\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n En hay\u0131rs\u0131z olan\u0131n\u0131z da dostuna \u015f\u00f6yle diyendir: \u00abGel de \u00f6lmeden \u00f6nce e\u011flenelim, yiyip i\u00e7elim, hay\u00e2t\u0131n tad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karal\u0131m…\u00bb.\u201d[25]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u058e<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) diyor ki: \u201c\u00dc\u00e7 haslet olmasayd\u0131 d\u00fcnyada kalmak istemezdim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Aln\u0131m\u0131 yere koyarak gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz Yaratan\u2019\u0131ma secde etmek ve bu \u015fekilde ebed\u00ee hayat\u0131ma haz\u0131rlanmak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – G\u00fcn\u00fcn en s\u0131cak anlar\u0131nda (oru\u00e7 tutarak) susuzlu\u011fa katlanmak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Meyvenin iyisi se\u00e7ildi\u011fi gibi s\u00f6zlerin iyisini se\u00e7en kimselerle oturmak.\u201d[26]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u058e<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cTakv\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n en k\u00e2mil h\u00e2li, kulun Allah\u2019tan korkmas\u0131, hatta zerre kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015feyler hakk\u0131nda bile O\u2019ndan sak\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki hel\u00e2l olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc baz\u0131 \u015feyleri bile haram olur korkusuyla terk etmeli ki bunlar haram ile aras\u0131nda bir perde olsun.\u201d[27]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u058e<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle der:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cBirisi d\u00fcny\u00e2ya l\u00e2net ederse d\u00fcnya da ona \u00abHangimiz Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019ya daha \u00e7ok isyan ediyorsa Allah ona l\u00e2net etsin\u00bb der.\u201d[28]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u058e<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 hazretlerinin hikmetli s\u00f6zlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 da \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cKul Allah\u2019a ibadetle me\u015fgul olunca Allah onu sever, mahl\u00fbkat\u0131na da sevdirir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u0130man\u0131n zirvesi ba\u015fa gelene sab\u0131r, kadere r\u0131za, samimi bir tevekk\u00fcl ve Allah\u2019a boyun e\u011fmektir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cBilmeyen kimseye bir defa, bilip de yapmayan kimseye ise yedi defa yaz\u0131klar olsun.\u201d[29]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cBir m\u00fc\u2019min, Allah kat\u0131nda, insanlar\u0131n istifade etti\u011fi bir vaaz u nasihatten daha sevimli olan bir sadaka veremez.\u201d[30]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Sah\u00e2be-i kir\u00e2m nasihat ve vaaz\u0131n ehemmiyetini, kalpleri nurland\u0131rma ve yumu\u015fatmaktaki rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ok iyi anlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130smi Hayre binti Eb\u00ee Hadred b. Umeyr el-Eslemiyye\u2019dir. Bir k\u00fcnyesi de \u00dcmm\u00fc Muhammed<\/em>\u2019dir. Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 hazretlerinin han\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Babas\u0131 Eb\u00fb Hadred (r.a) ile karde\u015fi Abdullah da sah\u00e2b\u00eedirler. Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 Hazretlerinin \u201c\u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2\u201d k\u00fcnyesiyle an\u0131lan iki han\u0131m\u0131 oldu\u011fundan Hayre\u2019ye \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 el-K\u00fcbr\u00e2<\/em> denilmi\u015ftir. Bu han\u0131m\u0131 sah\u00e2b\u00ee, di\u011feri ise t\u00e2bi\u00eendendir. Derd\u00e2<\/em> ise Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 hazretlerinin di\u011fer bir han\u0131m\u0131ndan olan k\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r.[31]<\/a> \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) kocas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Abdullah b. Rev\u00e2ha ile Muhammed b. Mesleme (r.a) birg\u00fcn arkada\u015flar\u0131 Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n evine giderek onun putunu k\u0131rd\u0131lar. Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 eve d\u00f6n\u00fcnce putun k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 toplamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. O esn\u00e2da \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) \u201cOnun bir kimseye faydas\u0131 olsa \u00f6nce kendini korurdu\u201d dedi.[32]<\/a> Bu s\u00f6z Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 hazretlerinin uyanmas\u0131na ves\u00eele oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) ak\u0131ll\u0131, faz\u00eeletli ve ibadete d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn bir han\u0131md\u0131. Kocas\u0131 Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 ise ibadete ondan daha d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnd\u00fc. Hatta bazen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131ya ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 oluyordu. Onun bu durumu han\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 baz\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara sokuyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 hazretlerinden 2 sene \u00f6nce D\u0131ma\u015fk\u2019ta vefat etti (30\/650).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem\u2019den ve kocas\u0131 Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 hazretlerinden riv\u00e2yette bulundu. Ondan da o\u011flu Bil\u00e2l, ikinci \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 kimseler had\u00ees naklettiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n o\u011flu Bil\u00e2l<\/em> (r.a) t\u00e2bi\u00eenin \u00e2limlerinden idi. Babas\u0131ndan bir m\u00fcddet sonra \u015eam kad\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve D\u0131ma\u015fk em\u00eerli\u011fi yapt\u0131. \u015eam halk\u0131 ondan had\u00ees riv\u00e2yet ettiler.[33]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130smi H\u00fcceyme binti Huyey el-Vass\u00e2biyye\u2019dir. Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 hazretlerinin sonraki han\u0131m\u0131 olup \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 es-Su\u011fr\u00e2<\/em> diye an\u0131l\u0131r. Yetim bir k\u0131z idi. \u00c7ocuklu\u011funu Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n evinde ge\u00e7irdi ve ondan k\u0131raat dersleri ald\u0131. \u00c7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2\u2019ya Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 arzetti. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) ile birlikte mescide gider, onun k\u0131raat derslerine kat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fckten sonra han\u0131mlara has olan derslere ve meclislere kat\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 el-K\u00fcbr\u00e2 (r.a) vefat edince Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) ile evlendi (30\/650). Ancak bu evlilik \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcrd\u00fc, z\u00eer\u00e2 Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) 32\/652 senesinde vefat etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kocas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm d\u00f6\u015fe\u011finde iken \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) \u00e2hirette de kendisiyle birlikte olmay\u0131 istedi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) o takdirde kendisinden sonra kimseyle evlenmemesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. O da \u00f6yle yapt\u0131. S\u00fbriye v\u00e2lisi Mu\u00e2viye b. Eb\u00fb S\u00fcfy\u00e2n kendisine t\u00e2lip oldu\u011fu h\u00e2lde \u201cBen Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2\u2019dan i\u015fittim, Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u2018Kad\u0131n \u00e2hirette son evlendi\u011fi kocas\u0131yla birlikte olacakt\u0131r\u2019<\/em> buyurmu\u015f. Ben de Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 ile beraber olmak istedi\u011fimden ondan sonra kimseyle evlenmeyece\u011fim\u201d cevab\u0131n\u0131 verdi.[34]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) 6 ay Kud\u00fcs\u2019te, 6 ay D\u0131ma\u015fk\u2019ta ik\u0101met eder, tam m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131yla bir z\u00fchd hayat\u0131 ya\u015fard\u0131. Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) ona kimseden bir \u015fey istememesini tavsiye etmi\u015fti, o da \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca bu tavsiyeye uydu. T\u00e2bi\u00eenin z\u00e2hid ve \u00e2limlerinden Meym\u00fbn b. Mihr\u00e2n (r.a) onun kal\u0131n kuma\u015ftan dokunmu\u015f bir ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ka\u015flar\u0131na kadar indirdi\u011fi \u00f6rt\u00fcye bir deri par\u00e7as\u0131 ilave ederek uzatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve namazlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00e2ima ilk vakitlerinde k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 haber verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) 81\/701 senesinde hacca gitti, ayn\u0131 sene veya ertesi y\u0131l D\u0131ma\u015fk\u2019ta vef\u00e2t etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) t\u00e2bi\u00een neslinden b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e2lim idi.[35]<\/a> K\u0131raat, f\u0131k\u0131h ve had\u00ees alanlar\u0131nda me\u015fhur olmu\u015ftu. D\u0131ma\u015fk Mescidi\u2019nin kuzey taraf\u0131nda bir ders halkas\u0131 kurmu\u015f ve pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fiye ilim \u00f6\u011fretmi\u015fti.[36]<\/a> Emev\u00ee Halifesi Abd\u00fclmelik b. Merv\u00e2n da zaman zaman mescide gelip onun f\u0131k\u0131h derslerini dinlerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) bir\u00e7ok had\u00ees riv\u00e2yet etmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fta kocas\u0131 Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 olmak \u00fczere Hz. \u00c2i\u015fe, Eb\u00fb H\u00fcreyre, Selm\u00e2n-\u0131 F\u00e2ris\u00ee, K\u00e2\u02bbb b. \u00c2s\u0131m el-E\u015f\u02bbar\u00ee, kumas\u0131 \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 el-Eslemiyye ve Fed\u00e2le b. Ubeyd el-Ens\u00e2r\u00ee\u2019den had\u00ees alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ondan had\u00ees nakledenler de Zeyd b. Eslem, Seleme b. D\u00een\u00e2r, S\u00e2lim b. Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Ca\u02bbd, \u015eehr b. Hav\u015feb, Talha b. Ubeydullah b. K\u00fcreyz, \u00fcvey o\u011flu Bil\u00e2l ve \u00fcvey k\u0131z\u0131 Derd\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n kocas\u0131 Safv\u00e2n b. Abdullah gibi t\u00e2bi\u00een tabakas\u0131n\u0131n pek \u00e7ok \u00e2limidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) kocas\u0131 ve kumas\u0131 gibi ib\u00e2dete d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn bir insand\u0131. Demek ki onlar\u0131n \u00e2ilesinde ib\u00e2det \u015fuuru ve sevgisi g\u00fczel a\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yordu. Kad\u0131nlar yan\u0131nda toplan\u0131p onunla birlikte ibadet eder, onun meclislerinde Allah\u2019\u0131 zikrederlerdi. \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) bu meclislere gelenlere vaaz eder, g\u00fczel ve hikmetli s\u00f6zler s\u00f6yler, bazen bu s\u00f6zleri levhalara yazarak talebelerine verirdi. Etraf\u0131ndaki insanlar\u0131n ve yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ib\u00e2det hayat\u0131na dikkat eder, Kur\u2019\u00e2n okumayan ki\u015filerle seyahate \u00e7\u0131kmazd\u0131. Fakir fukar\u00e2 ile oturup kalkar, insanlara d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e2l\u00e2yi\u015fine ve c\u00e2zibesine kap\u0131lmamalar\u0131n\u0131 tavsiye ederdi.[37]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) bir g\u00fcn \u00f6fkeli bir \u015fekilde yan\u0131ma geldi. Kendisine:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Seni \u00f6fkelendiren nedir?\u201d diye sordum:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Vallahi Muhammed (s.a.v)\u2019in \u00fcmmeti hakk\u0131nda cemaat h\u00e2linde namaz k\u0131lmalar\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey bilmiyorum. (Bu insanlar ni\u00e7in cemaatle namaz konusunda ihmalk\u00e2r davran\u0131yorlar)\u201d dedi.[38]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u058e<\/p>\n\n\n\n Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2 amel defteri sol taraf\u0131ndan verilenler hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cSonra da onu yetmi\u015f ar\u015f\u0131n uzunlu\u011funda bir zincir i\u00e7inde oraya (cehenneme) sokun! \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o, ulu Allah\u2019a iman etmezdi, fukar\u00e2y\u0131 doyurmaya te\u015fvik etmezdi.\u201d<\/em>[39]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Eb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 (r.a) \u00e2yette bahsedilen zincirden korunmak i\u00e7in gerekli olan iki \u015fart\u0131 yerine getirmeye gayret ederdi. Han\u0131m\u0131na \u00e7orban\u0131n suyunu \u00e7o\u011faltmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek fukar\u00e2ya da vermeye te\u015fvik eder ve \u015f\u00f6yle derdi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Zincirin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 iman ile \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131k, di\u011fer yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da fukar\u00e2y\u0131 doyurmaya te\u015fvik ederek \u00e7\u0131karmayal\u0131m m\u0131?\u201d derdi.[40]<\/a> Ve \u015f\u00f6yle devam ederdi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u2013Allah\u2019\u0131n \u00f6yle bir zinciri vard\u0131r ki Allah\u2019\u0131n cehennemi yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden t\u00e2 insanlar\u0131n boyunlar\u0131na tak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcne kadar cehennem kazanlar\u0131nda kaynat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Allah te\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00eeman ile bizi onun yar\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtard\u0131, di\u011fer yar\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtulmak i\u00e7in de yoksullar\u0131 doyurmaya te\u015fvik et ey \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2!\u201d[41]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [1]<\/a> \u0130bn Manz\u00fbr, Muhtasaru T\u00e2r\u00eehi D\u0131ma\u015fk<\/em>, 20\/13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [2]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Savm, 51; Edeb, 86.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [3]<\/a> Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Cih\u00e2d, 70. Kr\u015f. Ahmed b. Hanbel, 5\/198.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [4]<\/a> \u0130bn Eb\u00ee \u015eeybe, el-Musannef<\/em>, 7\/114, no: 34610; Beyhak\u00ee, \u015euab,<\/em> 4\/380, no: 2688.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [5]<\/a> M\u00fcslim, M\u00fcs\u00e2fir\u00een, 86.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [6]<\/a> \u0130bn Hacer, el-Met\u00e2lib\u00fc\u2019l-\u00c2liye,<\/em> 2\/226, no: 1978.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [7]<\/a> Ahmed b. Hanbel, el-M\u00fcsned, <\/em>6\/444.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [8]<\/a> Tirmiz\u00ee, \u0130lim, 19\/2682; Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, \u0130lim, 1\/3641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [9]<\/a> Tirmizi, \u0130lim, 5\/2653. Kr\u015f. D\u00e2rim\u00ee, Mukaddime, 29.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [10]<\/a> Ahmed b. Hanbel, el-M\u00fcsned, <\/em>3\/164; Taber\u00e2n\u00ee, el-Mu\u02bbcem\u00fc\u2019l-keb\u00eer,<\/em> 4\/129, no: 3887; Heysem\u00ee, Mecma\u02bbu\u2019z-zev\u00e2id,<\/em> 2\/228. Kr\u015f. H\u00e2kim, M\u00fcstedrek,<\/em> 4\/342, no: 7849.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [11]<\/a> Tay\u00e2lis\u00ee, M\u00fcsned, <\/em>3\/340, no: 1903.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [12]<\/a> \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, C\u00e2miu\u2019l-mes\u00e2n\u00eed,<\/em> Beyrut, 1419, 5\/195.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [13]<\/a> Ahmed b. Hanbel, el-M\u00fcsned, <\/em>6\/442-443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [14]<\/a> \u0130bn M\u00e2ce, Mukaddime, 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [15]<\/a> Ahmed b. Hanbel, el-M\u00fcsned, <\/em>5\/198, 199.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [16]<\/a> Muvatta\u2019,<\/em> Vasiyet, 7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [17]<\/a> Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Lib\u00e2s, 25\/4089. Kr\u015f. Ahmed b. Hanbel, el-M\u00fcsned, <\/em>4\/179-180.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [18]<\/a> Tirmiz\u00ee, Diy\u00e2t, 5\/1393. Kr\u015f. \u0130bn M\u00e2ce, Diy\u00e2t, 35.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [19]<\/a> Deylem\u00ee, el-Firdevs,<\/em> 2\/70-71, no: 2397, 2400.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [20]<\/a> Ali el-M\u00fcttak\u012b, Kenz\u00fc\u2019l-umm\u00e2l, <\/em>11\/718.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [21]<\/a> Eb\u00fb Nuaym, Hilye,<\/em> 1\/216-217.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [22]<\/a> el-Enf\u00e2l 8\/53.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [23]<\/a> er-Ra\u02bbd 13\/11.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [24]<\/a> Abd\u00fcrrazz\u00e2k, el-Musannef, <\/em>11\/180; Eb\u00fb Nuaym, Hilye<\/em>, 1\/225.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [25]<\/a> Eb\u00fb Nuaym, Hilye, <\/em>1\/218.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [26]<\/a> M\u00fcn\u00e2v\u00ee, Feyz\u00fc\u2019l-Kad\u00eer,<\/em> 2\/11, no: 1193.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [27]<\/a> S\u00fcy\u00fbt\u00ee, ed-D\u00fcrr\u00fc\u2019l-mens\u00fbr,<\/em> 1\/132.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [28]<\/a> Beyhak\u00ee, \u015euab,<\/em> 4\/302, no: 5187.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [29]<\/a> Bkz. Abdullah Ayd\u0131nl\u0131, \u201cEb\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2\u201d, TDV \u0130sl\u00e2m Ansiklopedisi,<\/em> https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ebud-derda (03.05.2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n [30]<\/a> Fer\u00eekun mine\u2019l-b\u00e2his\u00een, Nas\u00e2ihu\u2019l-enbiy\u00e2 ve\u2019l-ulem\u00e2 li\u2019s-sal\u00e2t\u00eeni ve\u2019l-umer\u00e2 abra\u2019t-t\u00e2r\u00eeh<\/em> (\u0130stanbul: D\u00e2ru\u2019l-Mevedde, 1443), 129.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [31]<\/a> \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019l-Cevz\u00ee, S\u0131fat\u00fc\u2019s-safve, <\/em>(n\u015fr. Mahm\u00fbd F\u00e2h\u00fbr\u00ee – Muhammed Kal\u2019ac\u00ee), Halep 1969-73, 4\/294.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [32]<\/a> Zeheb\u00ee, Siyeru a\u02bbl\u00e2mi\u2019n-n\u00fcbel\u00e2,<\/em> 2\/340.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [33]<\/a> Bkz. Ay\u015fe Esra \u015eahyar, \u201c\u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 el-Eslemiyye\u201d, TDV \u0130sl\u00e2m Ansiklopedisi,<\/em> https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ummud-derda-el-eslemiyye (03.05.2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n [34]<\/a> \u0130bn As\u00e2kir, T\u00e2r\u00eehu D\u0131me\u015fk,<\/em> 70\/152-155.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [35]<\/a> \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019s-Sal\u00e2h, Ul\u00fbm\u00fc\u2019l-had\u00ees<\/em>, 306.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [36]<\/a> \u0130bn Kes\u00eer, el-Bid\u00e2ye ve\u2019n-nih\u00e2ye<\/em> (n\u015fr. Abdullah b. Abd\u00fclmuhsin et-T\u00fcrk\u00ee), C\u00eeze 1418\/1998, 12\/336.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [37]<\/a> Bkz. Ay\u015fe Esra \u015eahyar, \u201c\u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 el-Vass\u00e2biyye\u201d, TDV \u0130sl\u00e2m Ansiklopedisi,<\/em> https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/ummud-derda-el-vassabiyye (03.05.2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n [38]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Ez\u00e2n, 31.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [39]<\/a> el-H\u00e2kka 69\/32-34.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [40]<\/a> Zemah\u015fer\u00ee, el-Ke\u015f\u015f\u00e2f,<\/em> 4\/605.<\/p>\n\n\n\n23.1.1. \u0130lmi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
23.1.2. Hizmetleri<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
23.1.3. Kur\u2019\u00e2n Hizmetleri<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
23.1.4. Faziletleri<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
23.1.5. Riv\u00e2yetleri<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
23.1.6. Hikmetli S\u00f6zleri<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
23.2. \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 el-Eslemiyye (r.a)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
23.3. \u00dcmm\u00fc\u2019d-Derd\u00e2 el-Vass\u00e2biyye<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
23.3.1. \u0130lmi ve Hizmetleri<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
23.3.2. Riv\u00e2yetleri<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n