\u0661\u0664\u0666. \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062c\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0631\u064d \u0631\u064e\u0636\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0670\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e: \u0644\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0646\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0670\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0670\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0622\u0643\u0650\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0643\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0647\u0650\u062f\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e:<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0633\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064c\u00bb.<\/p>\n
146. C\u00e2bir<\/b> (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle der:<\/p>\n
\u201cRas\u00fblullah (s.a.v) faiz yiyene, yedirene, bu muameleyi yazan k\u00e2tibe ve \u015fahitlerine l\u00e2net etti ve:<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u2013Onlar m\u00fcs\u00e2v\u00eedir…\u00bb<\/i> buyurdu.\u201d (M\u00fcslim, M\u00fcs\u00e2k\u00e2t, 105-106. Ayr\u0131ca bkz. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, B\u00fcy\u00fb\u2019, 24, 25, 113; Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, B\u00fcy\u00fb, 4\/3333; Tirmiz\u00ee, B\u00fcy\u00fb\u2019, 2\/1206; \u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Tic\u00e2r\u00e2t, 58)<\/p>\n
\n
\u0661\u0664\u0667. \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0639\u064f\u0648\u062f\u064d \u0631\u064e\u0636\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0670\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0670\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e:<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u064c \u0623\u064e\u0643\u0652\u062b\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0642\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064d\u00bb.<\/p>\n
147. Abdullah bin Mes\u2019\u00fbd Hazretleri\u2019nden riv\u00e2yet edildi\u011fine g\u00f6re Nebiyy-i Ekrem (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n
\u201cFaiz yoluyla mal\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131ran herkesin \u00e2k\u0131beti, mal\u0131n\u0131n azalarak fakirli\u011fe d\u00fb\u00e7\u00e2r olmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/i> (\u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Tic\u00e2r\u00e2t, 58; H\u00e2kim, IV, 353\/7892; Beyhak\u00ee, \u015euab,<\/i> IV, 392\/5512; Taber\u00e2n\u00ee, Keb\u00eer, <\/i>X, 223\/10539)<\/p>\n
\n
\u0661\u0664\u0668. \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a \u0647\u064f\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0636\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0670\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0670\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0670\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e:<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u0644\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062a\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650 \u0632\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064c \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u064c \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0644\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u063a\u064f\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650\u00bb.<\/p>\n
148. Eb\u00fb H\u00fcreyre (r.a)\u2019den riv\u00e2yet edildi\u011fine g\u00f6re Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u0130nsanlar \u00fczerine \u00f6yle bir zaman gelecek ki faiz yemeyen hi\u00e7 kimse kalmayacak! Ki\u015fi do\u011frudan yemese bile ona tozundan<\/i>[1]<\/a> bula\u015facak.\u201d<\/i> (Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, B\u00fcy\u00fb, 3\/3331. Ayr\u0131ca bkz. Nes\u00e2\u00ee, B\u00fcy\u00fb\u2019, 2\/4452; \u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce Tic\u00e2r\u00e2t, 58)<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n A\u00e7\u0131klamalar:<\/b><\/p>\n \u0130bn Mes\u02bb\u00fbd<\/b>\u2019a g\u00f6re kazan\u00e7lar\u0131n en \u015ferlisi faizle elde edilen mald\u0131r.[2]<\/a> Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z mal elde etme es\u00e2s\u0131na dayanan faiz\/rib\u00e2, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kul hakk\u0131 ihl\u00e2lidir. Z\u00e2hirde, insanlara yard\u0131m ve kolayl\u0131k gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, hakikatte zor durumdaki insanlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00e2resizli\u011fini istism\u00e2r etmekten ba\u015fka bir i\u015fe yaramayan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir mus\u00eebettir. D\u00een\u00ee ve ahl\u00e2k\u00ee duygular\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcren ve ekonominin i\u00e7ini kemiren habis bir urdur. Enflasyonu art\u0131rmak s\u00fbretiyle zenginin daha \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine, muht\u00e2c\u0131n da daha \u00e7ok ezilmesine sebep olur. B\u00f6ylece toplum kesimleri aras\u0131nda derin u\u00e7urumlar meydana getirir. H\u00e2lbuki me\u015fhur iktisat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n t\u00e2biriyle ekonomik olarak en iyi seviyede bulunan toplum, enfl\u00e2syan ve faiz oranlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131rlayan toplumdur.<\/p>\n Bunun yan\u0131nda faizin; i\u015fsizli\u011fi art\u0131rmak, sun\u2019\u00ee fiyat art\u0131\u015f\u0131na yol a\u00e7mak, di\u011fergaml\u0131k, yard\u0131mla\u015fma, dayan\u0131\u015fma, muhabbet, merhamet ve \u015fefkat gibi ahl\u00e2k\u00ee duygular\u0131 zaafa u\u011fratmak, bencilli\u011fi ve menfaatperestli\u011fi k\u00f6r\u00fckleyip para ve n\u00fcfuz kazanma h\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131 kam\u00e7\u0131lamak gibi pek \u00e7ok zararlar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Faiz, insanlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p kazanmak ve \u00fcretim ile me\u015fgul olmaktan uzak tutar. Faize al\u0131\u015fan insanlar, ziraat, zanaat ve ticaret gibi temel kazan\u00e7 yollar\u0131n\u0131 terk ederler. Geriye para ile para kazanmak kal\u0131r ki onun da kar\u0131n doyurmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir m\u00fcddet sonra herkes taraf\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Faiz, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7eki\u015fmelere ve ard\u0131 arkas\u0131 kesilmeyen hus\u00fbmetlere sebep olur. Akitler aras\u0131nda, d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k ve hus\u00fbmete sebep olma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan faiz gibisi yoktur.<\/p>\n Faizin en k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fc de insan\u0131n ona m\u00fcbtel\u00e2\/tiryaki olup bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc kurtulamay\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Yorulmadan para ile para kazanmak, baz\u0131 insanlar\u0131n ho\u015funa gitse de bu durum fertlerin ve toplumun aleyhinedir. Hatta uzun v\u00e2dede toplumdaki emek-serm\u00e2ye m\u00fcn\u00e2sebetlerini alt\u00fcst etti\u011finden, sonunda bizzat faiz yiyen ki\u015filerin de aleyhine d\u00f6nmektedir.<\/p>\n Faiz b\u00fct\u00fcn dinlerde haram k\u0131l\u0131nan bir g\u00fcnaht\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onun zarar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u00c2yet-i kerimelerde bunun yah\u00fbdilere de yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilir. (Nis\u00e2 4\/160-161)<\/b><\/p>\n C\u00e2hiliye d\u00f6neminde Kurey\u015fliler, faize batm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, onun zararlar\u0131n\u0131 ve haram olu\u015funu biliyorlard\u0131. Nitekim Efendimiz\u2019e peygamberlik gelmeden be\u015f sene evvel K\u00e2\u2019be\u2019yi t\u00e2mir edecekleri zaman, Mekke\u2019nin ileri gelenlerinden Eb\u00fb Vehb bin Amr<\/b> aya\u011fa kalkarak:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2212Ey Kurey\u015f cemaati! K\u00e2\u2019be\u2019nin in\u015f\u00e2s\u0131na, kazanc\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ancak temiz ve hel\u00e2l olan\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n! Ona zina gibi gayr-i me\u015fr\u00fb yoldan kazan\u0131lan mal, faiz paras\u0131 veya herhangi bir kimseden zul\u00fcm yoluyla elde edilmi\u015f para kat\u0131lmas\u0131n!\u201d demi\u015ftir. (\u0130bn-i Hi\u015f\u00e2m, I, 210; \u0130bn-i Kes\u00eer, el-Bid\u00e2ye,<\/i> II, 305)<\/p>\n Kurey\u015fliler hel\u00e2l mal bulmakta zorland\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in K\u00e2\u2019be\u2019nin Hat\u00eem k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kta b\u0131rakmak mecb\u00fbriyetinde kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Yani o d\u00f6nemin m\u00fc\u015frikleri, faizin Allah\u2019\u0131n evine yak\u0131\u015fmayacak kadar necis oldu\u011funu bildikleri h\u00e2lde kendilerini ondan bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc kurtaramam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bir m\u00fcddet sonra \u0130sl\u00e2m gelerek, faizi yasaklam\u0131\u015f, buna muk\u00e2bil ortakl\u0131k us\u00fbl\u00fcyle mal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p b\u00fcy\u00fctmeyi tavsiye etmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu us\u00fbl herkesin faydas\u0131nad\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda \u201ckarz-\u0131 hasen\u201d denilen, \u201cimk\u00e2n nisbetinde Allah i\u00e7in bor\u00e7 vermeyi\u201d te\u015fvik etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u0130sl\u00e2m, zek\u00e2t ve sadakay\u0131 da emrederek topluma tam bir iktis\u00e2d\u00ee istikr\u00e2r ve niz\u00e2m kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n C\u00e2hiliye insan\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131\u015f veri\u015f gibi normal bir akit kabul etti\u011fi faiz, topluma iyice yerle\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de tedr\u00eecen yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc insanlar\u0131 k\u00f6kle\u015fmi\u015f \u00e2det ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7irmek olduk\u00e7a zor bir i\u015ftir. Bu sebepledir ki, ba\u015fta peygamberler olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0131slahat\u00e7\u0131lar, insanlara yanl\u0131\u015f fikirlerini ve k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00e2detlerini b\u0131rakt\u0131rmakta pek \u00e7ok zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015flar, b\u00fcy\u00fck me\u015fakkatler \u00e7ekmi\u015flerdir. Bu sebeple hedeflerine ula\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in tedri\u00e7 metodunu kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak, Mekke\u2019de n\u00e2zil olan \u201c\u0130nsanlar\u0131n mallar\u0131 i\u00e7inde arts\u0131n diye faize verdi\u011finiz mallar, Allah kat\u0131nda artmaz\u201d<\/b>[4]<\/a> \u00e2yetiyle faizi k\u0131nam\u0131\u015f ve ile\u00adride yasaklanaca\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret buyurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Med\u00eene d\u00f6neminin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda n\u00e2zil olan \u015fu \u00e2yette faiz yemek, yah\u00fbdilerin cezaya \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131na sebep olan g\u00fcnahlar aras\u0131nda zikredilmektedir:<\/p>\n \u201cYah\u00fbdilerin zul\u00fcmleri, insanlar\u0131 Allah yolundan \u00e7ok\u00e7a al\u0131koymalar\u0131, menedildikleri h\u00e2lde faizi almalar\u0131 ve haks\u0131z yere insanlar\u0131n mallar\u0131n\u0131 yemeleri sebebiyle kendilerine<\/b> (daha \u00f6nce) hel\u00e2l k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bulunan temiz ve iyi \u015feyleri haram k\u0131ld\u0131k ve i\u00e7lerinden ink\u00e2ra sapanlara ac\u0131 bir azap haz\u0131rlad\u0131k.\u201d <\/b>(Nis\u00e2 4\/160-161)<\/b><\/p>\n Bu \u00e2yetlerde faizin m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131na d\u00e2ir a\u00e7\u0131k bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmamakla birlikte, faizin son derece k\u00f6t\u00fc ve uzak kal\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken bir g\u00fcnah oldu\u011funa i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Daha sonra n\u00e2zil olan \u015fu \u00e2yetlerle de faiz m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u201cEy iman edenler! Kat kat art\u0131rmak s\u00fbretiyle faiz yemeyin! Allah\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 takv\u00e2 sahibi olun ki fel\u00e2ha eresiniz. K\u00e2firler i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bulunan ate\u015ften sak\u0131n\u0131n! Allah\u2019a ve Ras\u00fbl\u2019\u00fcne itaat edin ki rahmet-i il\u00e2hiyeye n\u00e2il olas\u0131n\u0131z.\u201d<\/b> (\u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n 3\/130-132)<\/p>\n \u201cC\u00e2hiliye rib\u00e2s\u0131\u201d<\/b> denilen faiz uygulamas\u0131nda fazlal\u0131k, \u00f6demenin ertelenmesine da\u00adyan\u0131yordu. Alacakl\u0131, ya i\u015fin ba\u015f\u0131nda borcun bir m\u00fcddet sonra \u00f6denecek olmas\u0131 sebebiyle bir fazlal\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015fard\u0131, ya da mevcut borcun v\u00e2desi gelip de \u00f6denemedi\u011finde, erteleme kar\u00ad\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir art\u0131\u015f isterdi. \u00c7o\u011funluk\u00adla bor\u00e7lar v\u00e2desinde \u00f6denemedi\u011finden, faiz katlanarak artard\u0131. Yukar\u0131daki \u00e2yet-i kerime \u201ckat kat art\u0131rmak s\u00fbretiyle\u201d<\/b> kayd\u0131 ile bu v\u00e2k\u0131aya i\u015faret etmekte ve bunun vicdanlara s\u0131\u011fmaz bir zul\u00fcm oldu\u011funu anlatmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu ifadelerden, ana paran\u0131n bir ve daha fazla kat\u0131na ula\u015fmayan, yani kat kat olmayan faizin yasaklanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Zira \u00e2yette mak\u00adsat, yasaklamaya kay\u0131t koymak de\u011fil, yasaklanan faizin giderek ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 vahim net\u00eeceyi ve insanlar\u0131n zarar\u0131na olan bir v\u00e2k\u0131ay\u0131 hat\u0131rlatmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu sebeple faiz, oran\u0131 az olsun \u00e7ok olsun her \u00e7e\u015fitiyle haramd\u0131r. Nitekim daha sonra n\u00e2zil olan \u015fu \u00e2yet-i kerimede, \u201ckat kat art\u0131rmak s\u00fbretiyle\u201d<\/b> kayd\u0131 zikredilmeksizin faiz mutlak olarak yasaklanm\u0131\u015f ve bu hususta akla gelebilecek baz\u0131 sorular cevapland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u201cFaiz yiyenler<\/b> (kabirlerinden), \u015feytan \u00e7arpm\u0131\u015f kimse gibi kalkarlar. Bu h\u00e2l onlar\u0131n \u00abAl\u0131\u015f veri\u015f de faiz gibidir\u00bb<\/b>[5]<\/a> demeleri sebebiyledir. H\u00e2lbuki Allah, al\u0131\u015f veri\u015fi hel\u00e2l, faizi haram k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan sonra kime Rabbinden bir \u00f6\u011f\u00fct gelir de faizden vazge\u00e7erse, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte olan kendisinindir<\/b> ve art\u0131k onun hakk\u0131ndaki h\u00fck\u00fcm Allah\u2019a \u00e2ittir. Kim tekrar faize d\u00f6nerse, i\u015fte onlar cehennemliktir, orada devaml\u0131 kal\u0131rlar.\u201d<\/b> (Bakara 2\/275)<\/b><\/p>\n \u0130bn-i Abb\u00e2s (r.a), bu \u00e2yetleri kastederek:<\/p>\n \u201cNebiyy-i Ekrem Efendimiz\u2019e indirilen en son \u00e2yet(lerden biri) faiz \u00e2yetidir\u201d demi\u015ftir. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer, 2\/53)<\/p>\n Devam eden \u00e2yet-i kerimelerde Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n \u201cEy iman edenler! E\u011fer ger\u00e7ekten inan\u0131yorsan\u0131z Allah\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 takv\u00e2 sahibi olun ve faizden kalan alacaklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 terk edin! \u015eayet <\/b>(faiz hakk\u0131nda s\u00f6ylenenleri) yapmazsan\u0131z, Allah ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan size sava\u015f a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilin! Fakat tevbe ederseniz, sermayeleriniz sizindir; ne haks\u0131zl\u0131k etmi\u015f ne de haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011fram\u0131\u015f olursunuz.\u201d<\/b> (Bakara 2\/278-279)<\/p>\n Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 faizin haram oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frendikten sonra onu yemeye devam edenlere harp ilan etti\u011fini beyan ederek son derece \u015fiddetli bir tehditte bulunmaktad\u0131r.[6]<\/a> Bu durum faizin ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcnah oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermeye k\u00e2f\u00eedir. Bu il\u00e2h\u00ee \u00eekazlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda k\u00f6r ve sa\u011f\u0131r davranarak faiz yemeye devam edenlerin, nas\u0131l peri\u015fan olduklar\u0131n\u0131 bir v\u00e2k\u0131a olarak her g\u00fcn yeni yeni misalleriyle g\u00f6r\u00fcp durmaktay\u0131z.<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) de Ved\u00e2 Hutbesi\u2019nde faizin haram k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 herkese ilan etmi\u015f ve \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n \u201cC\u00e2hiliye faizi kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. L\u00e2kin <\/b><\/i>\u00abAnaparalar\u0131n\u0131z si\u00adzindir. Ne haks\u0131zl\u0131k eder, ne de haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frars\u0131n\u0131z.\u00bb<\/b>[7]<\/a> Kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m ilk faiz, amcam Abb\u00e2s bin Abd\u00fclmuttalib\u2019in faizidir. Onunki tamamen kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/i> <\/i>(Bkz. M\u00fcslim, Hacc, 147-8; Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, B\u00fcy\u00fb\u2019, 5\/3334; Tirmiz\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer, 9\/3087)<\/p>\n Di\u011fer bir hadis-i \u015feriflerinde Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v), insan\u0131 hel\u00e2ke s\u00fcr\u00fckleyen yedi \u015feyden birinin faiz oldu\u011funu haber vermi\u015ftir. <\/i>(Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Vas\u00e2y\u00e2, 23; T\u0131b, 48; Hud\u00fbd, 44; M\u00fcslim, \u00cem\u00e2n, 145)<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019e faiz yiyenlerin azab\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 r\u00fcy\u00e2s\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Allah\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) bunu \u015f\u00f6yle nakleder:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2026Y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fck. Nihayet kandan bir nehire vard\u0131k. Nehrin i\u00e7inde y\u00fczen bir adam, k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda da yan\u0131na bir\u00e7ok ta\u015f y\u0131\u011fm\u0131\u015f bir ba\u015fka adam vard\u0131. Nehirdeki adam \u00e7\u0131kmak isteyince, k\u0131y\u0131daki onun a\u011fz\u0131na bir ta\u015f at\u0131yor ve onu yerine geri \u00e7eviriyordu. \u00c7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in kenara her geli\u015finde ayn\u0131 \u015feyi yap\u0131yor a\u011fz\u0131na bir ta\u015f at\u0131yor, o da geri d\u00f6n\u00fcyordu.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) bu adam\u0131n neden b\u00f6yle azap g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sordu\u011funda melekler onun faiz yiyen kimse oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Ta\u2018b\u00eer, 48)<\/p>\n Faizin ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fcnah oldu\u011funu ifade eden ba\u015fka a\u011f\u0131r ifadeler de mevcuttur. Bunlardan birinde Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), faizin yetmi\u015f \u00e7e\u015fit g\u00fcnah\u0131ndan bahsederek:<\/p>\n \u201cBunlar\u0131n en hafifi ki\u015finin annesi ile evlenmesi gibidir\u201d<\/i> demektedir. (\u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Tic\u00e2r\u00e2t, 58; H\u00e2kim, II, 43\/2259; Beyhak\u00ee, \u015euab,<\/i> IV, 392-395)<\/p>\n Buradaki yetmi\u015f rakam\u0131 bir s\u0131n\u0131r ifade etmek i\u00e7in de\u011fil, faizin g\u00fcnah ve zararlar\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar \u00e7ok oldu\u011funu anlatmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim muhtelif riv\u00e2yetlerde yetmi\u015f iki, yetmi\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 gibi rakamlar verilmektedir. \u00d6yleyse faiz o kadar farkl\u0131 y\u00f6nlerden g\u00fcnah kazand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r ki, bunlar\u0131n hepsi de b\u00fcy\u00fck vebal ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. En hafifi bile insana en a\u011f\u0131r ve en \u00e7irkin gelen bir durum gibidir.<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah Efendimiz (s.a.v), faiz yiyenlerin \u00e2hiretteki cezalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir hadis-i \u015feriflerinde \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n \u201cMira\u00e7 gecesi, bir k\u0131s\u0131m insanlara u\u011frad\u0131m ki, kar\u0131nlar\u0131 evler gibi iri idi. Kar\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7i y\u0131lanlarla doluydu ve bunlar d\u0131\u015fardan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Ben:<\/i><\/p>\n \u00ab\u2013Ey Cibr\u00eel bunlar kimlerdir?\u00bb diye sordum.<\/i><\/p>\n \u00ab\u2013Bunlar faiz yiyenlerdir!\u00bb cevab\u0131n\u0131 verdi.\u201d<\/i> (\u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Tic\u00e2r\u00e2t, 58)<\/p>\n Faiz yiyenlerin kabirde ve \u00e2hirette kar\u015f\u0131la\u015facaklar\u0131 el\u00eem az\u00e2b\u0131 haber veren ba\u015fka riv\u00e2yetler de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v), \u00fcmmetinin bu k\u00f6t\u00fc durumlara d\u00fc\u015fmemesi i\u00e7in pek \u00e7ok \u00eekazlarda bulunmu\u015ftur. Mesel\u00e2, birinci hadisimizde<\/b> haber verildi\u011fi \u00fczere, \u00fcmmetini bu b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnahtan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, faiz yiyene, yedirene, faizli i\u015flemler yapan memurlara ve bu t\u00fcr anla\u015fmalar\u0131n \u015fahitlerine l\u00e2net etmi\u015f, g\u00fcnah bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hepsinin e\u015fit seviyede oldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015ftir.<\/b><\/p>\n Burada \u201cfaiz yiyen\u201dden maksat, onu aland\u0131r. \u0130ster yesin isterse yemesin fark etmez. Maldan faydalanma \u00e7e\u015fitlerinin en m\u00fchimi ve bilineni, \u201cyemek\u201d oldu\u011fundan, istif\u00e2de etmek m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131nda \u00e7o\u011fu zaman bu ifade kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019in faize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan herkese l\u00e2net etmesi, \u0130sl\u00e2m toplumunda faizcili\u011fe hi\u00e7 yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kimsenin ona bula\u015fmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini en a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde anlatmak ve b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck ve fesat kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kapatmak i\u00e7indir. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) faiz konusunda o kadar titiz davranm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki, en ufak bir bo\u015fluk b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015f ve bu konudaki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri son derece hassas bir \u015fekilde ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Mesel\u00e2 \u015fu hadis-i \u015feriflere bakal\u0131m:<\/p>\n \u201cKim bir kimseye arac\u0131 olur, o da buna kar\u015f\u0131 bir hediye verirse, hediyeyi kabul etti\u011fi taktirde, faiz kap\u0131lar\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kap\u0131ya girmi\u015f olur (yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hayr\u0131n ecrini z\u00e2yi eder).\u201d<\/i> (Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, B\u00fcy\u00fb\u2019, 82\/3541)<\/p>\n \u201cBiriniz, karde\u015fine \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 para verir de \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alan kimse, ona bir \u015fey hediye ederse, kab\u00fbl etmesin veya bine\u011fine bindirmek isterse ona binmesin. Ancak daha evvel aralar\u0131nda hediyele\u015fmek ve yard\u0131mla\u015fmak c\u00e2r\u00ee ise bu m\u00fcstesna.\u201d<\/i> (\u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Sadak\u00e2t, 19)<\/p>\n Demek ki faiz konusunda son derece hassas davranarak \u015f\u00fcpheli \u015feylerden bile uzak durmak \u00eec\u00e2b eder. Nitekim Hz. \u00d6mer<\/b> (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle der:<\/p>\n \u201cKur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019dan en son n\u00e2zil olan (\u00e2yetlerden biri), rib\u00e2\/faiz hakk\u0131ndaki \u00e2yettir. Binaenaleyh siz, faizi de faiz \u015f\u00fcphesi olan\u0131 \u015feyi de (rib\u00e2y\u0131 da r\u00eebeyi) terk ediniz.\u201d (\u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Tic\u00e2r\u00e2t, 58)<\/p>\n Burada Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019in maksad\u0131, faizin en son haram k\u0131l\u0131nan ahk\u00e2m aras\u0131nda bulundu\u011funu ve bu konuda nesih (h\u00fckm\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fmesi) gibi bir \u015feyin mevzubahis olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektir. Yani faizin haraml\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesindir, bu sebeple ondan korunmak i\u00e7in \u00e2zam\u00ee derecede gayret sarfetmek, hatta \u015f\u00fcpheli \u015feyleri bile terk etmek \u00eec\u00e2b eder. Nitekim ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m da b\u00f6yle yaparlard\u0131. Hz. \u00d6mer<\/b> (r.a), ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m\u0131n bu konudaki titizli\u011fini \u015f\u00f6yle dile getirmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n \u201cBiz, faize d\u00fc\u015fme korkusu ile on helalden dokuzunu terk ettik.\u201d (Ali el-M\u00fcttak\u00ee, IV, 187\/10087)<\/p>\n \u00c2limlerimiz, \u015f\u00fcpheli \u015feylerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmay\u0131 mendub kabul ederken, faiz \u015f\u00fcphesi olan \u015feylerden sak\u0131nman\u0131n v\u00e2cib oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemektedir.<\/p>\n Faizin toplum i\u00e7in zararl\u0131 oldu\u011fu herkes taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmekle birlikte, bazen fertlere faydas\u0131 oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir vehme kap\u0131lanlar olabilir. Ancak ikinci hadisimizde<\/b> ifade edildi\u011fi \u00fczere, faiz alarak mal\u0131 art\u0131yormu\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen insan\u0131n bu sevinci fazla s\u00fcrmez, nihayetinde tersine d\u00f6ner ve \u00e2k\u0131beti h\u00fcsr\u00e2n olur. Ba\u015ftan mal\u0131n\u0131n bereketi gider, hi\u00e7 hayr\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6remez. Daha sonra \u00e7e\u015fitli mus\u00eebetlerle mal\u0131 azal\u0131r, hatta ifl\u00e2s eder. Sonunda hem bu d\u00fcnyada hem de \u00e2hirette yoksullu\u011fa mahk\u00fbm olur.<\/p>\n \u00c2yet-i kerimelerde \u015f\u00f6yle buyrulur:<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130nsanlar\u0131n mallar\u0131 i\u00e7inde arts\u0131n diye faize verdi\u011finiz \u015feyler, Allah kat\u0131nda artmaz. Allah\u2019\u0131n r\u0131z\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131 isteyerek verdi\u011finiz zek\u00e2ta gelince, i\u015fte o zek\u00e2t\u0131 verenler, as\u0131l <\/b>(sevaplar\u0131n\u0131 ve mallar\u0131n\u0131) kat kat art\u0131ranlard\u0131r.\u201d <\/b>(R\u00fbm 30\/39)<\/b><\/p>\n \u201cAllah faizi mahveder, sadakalar\u0131 ise bereketlendirir. Allah k\u00fcf\u00fcrde ve g\u00fcnahta \u0131srar eden hi\u00e7 kimseyi sevmez.\u201d<\/b> (Bakara 2\/276)<\/p>\n Bu kadar zararl\u0131 ve veballi bir g\u00fcnah olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, insanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, z\u00e2hirine aldanarak faiz batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na saplanmaktad\u0131r. Hatta \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc hadisimizde <\/b>haber verildi\u011fine g\u00f6re \u00f6yle bir zaman gelecektir ki, faiz yemeyen kimse kalmayacak, sonunda toplum o kadar bozulacak ki, ki\u015fi faiz yememek i\u00e7in gayret sarfetse bile tozuna bula\u015facakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc toplumda ya\u015fayan insan muhakkak be\u015fer\u00ee m\u00fcn\u00e2sebetlerde bulunacak, mis\u00e2fir olacak, hediye al\u0131p verecek, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne bayrama gidecek, maa\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bankadan \u00e7ekmek mecb\u00fbriyetinde kalacak\u2026 b\u00f6ylece faizden kendisini kurtaramayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu duruma gelen bir toplumda insanlar o h\u00e2le gelecektir ki, hel\u00e2l-haram kayg\u0131s\u0131 bile ta\u015f\u0131mayacaklard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc r\u00fbhlar\u0131 ve kalpleri tamamen ifl\u00e2s etmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n \u201c\u00d6yle bir zaman gelecek ki, ki\u015fi mal\u0131 hel\u00e2lden mi yoksa haramdan m\u0131 kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131na hi\u00e7 ald\u0131rmayacak.\u201d<\/i> (Nes\u00e2\u00ee, B\u00fcy\u00fb\u2019, 2\/4451)<\/p>\n Bu ifadelerden, \u201czaman\u0131m\u0131zda faizsiz bir toplum d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir\u201d gibi bir m\u00e2n\u00e2 \u00e7\u0131karmak do\u011fru de\u011fildir. \u00d6yle olsayd\u0131 Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak faizi yasaklamazd\u0131. Pek\u00e2l\u00e2 faizsiz bir hayat ya\u015fanabilir ve bunun zannedilenden daha g\u00fczel olaca\u011f\u0131 da muhakkakt\u0131r. Nitekim bunu ba\u015faran toplumlar mevcuttur. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara d\u00fc\u015fen vazife, faizin yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlarda, cidd\u00ee bir m\u00fcc\u00e2dele vermek s\u00fbretiyle onu hayatlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karmak ve faizden uzak, tertemiz bir toplum meydana getirmektir. Nitekim Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019in \u201c\u0130nsanlar \u00fczerine \u00f6yle bir zaman gelecek ki, faiz yemeyen kimse kalmayacak. Ki\u015fi do\u011frudan yemese bile ona tozundan bula\u015facak\u201d <\/i>s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc, bu y\u00f6nde bir \u00eekaz olarak almak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Yani zaman \u00f6ylesine k\u00f6t\u00fc bir h\u00e2l alacak ki, m\u00fc\u2019minlerin o vasatta \u00e7ok daha titiz davranmalar\u0131 gerekecektir. Aksi takdirde, faiz yemeseler bile tozundan zarar g\u00f6rmeleri s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n Y\u00fcce Rabbimiz \u00fcmmet-i Muhammed\u2019i her t\u00fcrl\u00fc g\u00fcnahtan muh\u00e2faza buyursun ve bizlere g\u00fcnahlardan ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f huzurlu bir toplum olu\u015fturmay\u0131 nas\u00eeb eylesin!<\/b><\/p>\n \u00c2m\u00een!..<\/b> [8]<\/a><\/p>\n [1]<\/a> Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd\u2019un bir riv\u00e2yetinde \u201cbuhar\u0131\u201d \u015feklinde ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [2]<\/a> \u0130bn-i Eb\u00ee \u015eeybe, Musannef,<\/i> VII, 106\/34552; V\u00e2k\u0131d\u00ee, III, 1016; \u0130bn-i Kes\u00eer, Bid\u00e2ye,<\/i> V, 13-14.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [3]<\/a> Ecd\u00e2d\u0131m\u0131z, fakirlere sadaka verme hususunda edep, incelik ve nez\u00e2ketin zirvesine \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130ffet ve hay\u00e2s\u0131 sebebiyle kimseden bir \u015fey isteyemeyecek olanlar\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcllerini rencide etmemek i\u00e7in muhtelif mek\u00e2nlara \u201csadaka ta\u015flar\u0131\u201d<\/b> koymu\u015flard\u0131r. H\u00e2li vakti yerinde olanlar gece karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sadakalar\u0131n\u0131 bu ta\u015f\u0131n tepesindeki \u00e7ukura b\u0131rak\u0131rlard\u0131. Semtin faziletli ve iffetli fakirleri ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 kadar paray\u0131 oradan al\u0131rlar, fazlas\u0131na dokunmazlard\u0131. On yedinci as\u0131r \u0130stanbul\u2019unu anlatan bir Frans\u0131z seyyah, \u00fczerinde para bulunan bir ta\u015f\u0131, bir hafta boyunca g\u00f6zetledi\u011fini, ancak oradan sadaka almaya gelen kimseyi g\u00f6remedi\u011fini yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [4]<\/a> R\u00fbm 30\/39.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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