\u0661\u0662\u0665. \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a \u0647\u064f\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0636\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0670\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e: \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064f \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0670\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0643\u0650\u0641\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0643\u064f\u0644\u0651\u0650 \u0631\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a \u0642\u064f\u0628\u0650\u0636\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0650\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0641\u064e \u0639\u0650\u0634\u0652\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064b\u0627\u00bb.<\/p>\n
125. Eb\u00fb H\u00fcreyre (r.a) der ki:<\/p>\n
\u201cNeb\u00ee (s.a.v), her Ramazan on g\u00fcn itik\u00e2fa girerdi. Vefat etti\u011fi sene ise yirmi g\u00fcn itik\u00e2f yapt\u0131.\u201d (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u0130\u2019tik\u00e2f, 17. Ayr\u0131ca bkz. Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Savm, 78; \u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, S\u0131y\u00e2m, 58)<\/p>\n
\n
\u0661\u0662\u0666. \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0634\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0636\u0650\u0649\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0670\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0652: \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064f \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0670\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u062f\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0631\u064f \u0634\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0626\u0652\u0632\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0638\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u00bb.<\/p>\n
126. \u00c2i\u015fe (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle der:<\/p>\n
\u201cRamazan ay\u0131n\u0131n son on g\u00fcn\u00fc girince, Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), kendini ibadete verir, geceleri ihy\u00e2 eder ve \u00e2ilesini de uyand\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131.\u201d (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Leylet\u00fc\u2019l-Kadr, 5; M\u00fcslim, \u0130\u2019tik\u00e2f, 7. Ayr\u0131ca bkz. Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Ramazan, 1; Nes\u00e2\u00ee, K\u0131y\u00e2m\u00fc\u2019l-leyl, 17; \u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, S\u0131y\u00e2m, 57)<\/p>\n
\n
A\u00e7\u0131klamalar:<\/b><\/p>\n
\u201c\u0130\u2019tik\u00e2f\u201d kelimesi; hapsetmek, al\u0131koymak, bir yere yerle\u015fmek, oraya ba\u011flan\u0131p kalmak ve ki\u015finin kendisini s\u0131radan davran\u0131\u015flardan uzak tutmas\u0131 m\u00e2n\u00e2lar\u0131na gelir. Ist\u0131lahta ise, kulluk ve Allah\u2019a yak\u0131nla\u015fmak niyetiyle camide belli bir s\u00fcre durmak demektir. \u0130tik\u00e2fa giren ki\u015fiye \u201cmu\u2019tekif\u201d veya \u201c\u00e2kif\u201d denir.<\/p>\n
Ki\u015finin zaman zaman ibadete teks\u00eef olarak me\u015fr\u00fb bile olsa her t\u00fcrl\u00fc nefs\u00e2n\u00ee ve \u015fehev\u00ee arzulardan uzak durmas\u0131, r\u00fbh\u00e2n\u00ee tek\u00e2m\u00fcl i\u00e7in m\u00fchim ves\u00eelelerden biridir. Bu bak\u0131mdan itik\u00e2f, \u00f6nceki peygamberler zaman\u0131nda da muhtelif \u015fekillerde yap\u0131lan \u00f6nemli bir ibadet olmu\u015ftur. Nitekim \u015fu \u00e2yet-i kerime, bir y\u00f6n\u00fcyle buna i\u015faret etmektedir:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u0130brahim ve \u0130smail\u2019e: Tavaf edenler, itik\u00e2fa girip ibadete kapananlar, r\u00fck\u00fb ve secde edenler i\u00e7in Evim\u2019i temiz tutun, diye emretmi\u015ftik.\u201d <\/b>(Bakara 2\/125)<\/b><\/p>\n
Peygamber Efendimiz, n\u00fcb\u00fcvvetten evvel Hir\u00e2 Ma\u011faras\u0131\u2019nda uzlet ve inziv\u00e2ya \u00e7ekilir, orada tefekk\u00fcrle me\u015fgul olurdu. Peygamberli\u011fin verilmesi yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda il\u00e2h\u00ee bir ilh\u00e2m ile bu inziv\u00e2lar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131. N\u00fcb\u00fcvvetin ilk g\u00fcnlerinde ise Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak ona tehecc\u00fcd namaz\u0131n\u0131 emretti. G\u00fcnd\u00fcz tebli\u011f ve d\u00e2vetle me\u015fgul olaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, seher vaktinin s\u00fck\u00fbnetinde Rabbiyle ba\u015f ba\u015fa kalarak m\u00e2nev\u00ee kuvvetine kuvvet kat\u0131yordu. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee tebli\u011f belli bir seviyeye gelip Med\u00eene d\u00f6neminde oru\u00e7 farz k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), en faziletli ay olan ve senenin seheri mevkiindeki Ramazan-\u0131 \u015eerif\u2019te ibadet ve hay\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 daha da art\u0131rd\u0131. Hatta ikinci on g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc tamamen ibadete ay\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Kadir Gecesi\u2019nin Ramazan\u2019\u0131n son on g\u00fcn\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazan\u0131nca, Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) de itik\u00e2flar\u0131n\u0131 bu g\u00fcnlerde yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u0130\u2019tik\u00e2f, 1)<\/p>\n
Mescidde ke\u00e7eden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir T\u00fcrk \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131nda itik\u00e2fa girerdi. (M\u00fcslim, S\u0131y\u00e2m, 215; \u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, S\u0131y\u00e2m, 62)<\/p>\n
\u00c2i\u015fe (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n
Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Ramazan\u2019\u0131n son on g\u00fcn\u00fc itik\u00e2fa girerdi. Ben onun \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 kurard\u0131m, o da sabah namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131lar ve \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131na girip itik\u00e2fa ba\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bir seferinde Efendimiz\u2019in \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131 kurulunca han\u0131mlar\u0131ndan bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da mescide \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 kurmu\u015flard\u0131. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) bunlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2013Bunlar da ne?\u201d<\/i> diye sordu.<\/p>\n
Durum kendisine arzedilince:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2013B\u00f6yle yapmay\u0131 iyilik ve takv\u00e2 m\u0131 zannederler?!\u201d<\/i> buyurdu ve o Ramazan\u2019da itik\u00e2f yapmad\u0131. \u015eevval ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk on g\u00fcn\u00fcnde itik\u00e2fa girdi. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u0130\u2019tik\u00e2f, 6, 7, 14; M\u00fcslim, \u0130\u2019tik\u00e2f, 6; Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Savm, 77; Tirmiz\u00ee, S\u0131y\u00e2m, 71)<\/p>\n
Bu riv\u00e2yetten hareketle, m\u00fcsl\u00fcman kad\u0131nlar\u0131n mescidlerde de\u011fil, evlerinde mescid olarak kulland\u0131klar\u0131 husus\u00ee k\u00f6\u015felerinde itik\u00e2fa \u00e7ekilmeleri uygun bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) itik\u00e2fa girmek istedi\u011finde yata\u011f\u0131 Mescid-i Nebev\u00ee\u2019deki Tevbe S\u00fct\u00fbnu\u2019nun k\u0131ble taraf\u0131na konulurdu. Efendimiz de o dire\u011fe yaslan\u0131rd\u0131. (\u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, S\u0131y\u00e2m, 61; Taber\u00e2n\u00ee, Keb\u00eer,<\/i> XII, 385\/13424; Beyhak\u00ee, K\u00fcbr\u00e2,<\/i> V, 247) <\/b><\/p>\n
Birinci hadisimizde<\/b> ifade edildi\u011fi \u00fczere Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), vefat etti\u011fi sene, bu ibadetini yirmi g\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. B\u00f6ylece \u00f6mr\u00fcn sonuna do\u011fru ibadet ve t\u00e2ati daha da art\u0131rmak gerekti\u011fine i\u015faret etti. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Efendimiz\u2019in, Hz. Cebr\u00e2\u00eel ile Ramazanlarda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kur\u2019\u00e2n muk\u00e2belesi de son sene iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) Mekke Fethi i\u00e7in sefere \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sene, itik\u00e2fa girememi\u015fti. Bu ibadetin faziletinden mahrum kalmamak i\u00e7in ertesi sene yirmi g\u00fcn itik\u00e2f yapt\u0131. (Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Savm, 77\/2463; \u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, S\u0131y\u00e2m, 58)<\/p>\n
Demek ki bir insan, ne kadar ibadet ederse etsin, zaman zaman uzlete \u00e7ekilerek nefis muh\u00e2sebesi yap\u0131p, k\u00e2inattaki il\u00e2h\u00ee kudret ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 tefekk\u00fcr etmeden tam m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131yla kem\u00e2le eremez. Zira mescidde itik\u00e2fa \u00e7ekilmek; zihnin toplanmas\u0131, kalbin me\u015fgalelerden uzak tutulmas\u0131, ki\u015finin kendisini t\u00e2ate vermesi ve Allah\u2019a daha \u00e7ok yakla\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fczel bir ves\u00eeledir.<\/p>\n
Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), itik\u00e2fa giren kimsenin fazileti hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/i><\/p>\n
\u201cO kendisini g\u00fcnahtan uzak tutar ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerden korunur. Kendisine, b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00e2lih amelleri i\u015flemi\u015f kimse gibi sevap yazd\u0131r\u0131r.\u201d<\/i> <\/i>(\u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, S\u0131y\u00e2m, 67)<\/p>\n
Allah i\u00e7in bir camiye girip itikafa ba\u015flayan m\u00fc\u2019min, her an namaz k\u0131l\u0131yormu\u015f gibidir. O bu h\u00e2liyle sa\u011f\u00adlam bir kaleye s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan ki\u015fiye benzer. \u0130sl\u00e2m b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinden At\u00e2 \u015f\u00f6yle der:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u0130tik\u00e2fa giren ki\u015fi, ihtiyac\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck birinin kap\u0131s\u0131na gidip \u00ab\u0130htiyac\u0131m\u0131 almadan gitmem\u00bb diye yalvaran kimseye benzer. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o, Allah\u2019\u0131n bir m\u00e2bedine girmi\u015f \u00abBeni ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamad\u0131k\u00e7a buradan ayr\u0131l\u0131p gitmem\u00bb demektedir.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u0130kinci hadisimizde<\/b> ifade edildi\u011fi \u015fekilde, Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Ramazan-\u0131 \u015eerif\u2019in son on g\u00fcn\u00fcnde kendini ibadete verip geceleri ihy\u00e2 etti\u011fi gibi, \u00e2ilesini de buna te\u015fvik eder, hep birlikte gece uykusunu iyice azalt\u0131rlard\u0131. Bu g\u00fczelli\u011fe al\u0131\u015fan v\u00e2lidelerimiz, Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019in vefat\u0131ndan sonra da itik\u00e2fa girmeye devam etmi\u015flerdir. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u0130\u2019tik\u00e2f, 1; M\u00fcslim, \u0130\u2019tik\u00e2f, 5. Ayr\u0131ca bkz. Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Savm, 77)<\/p>\n
\u0130tik\u00e2fa giren kimse, g\u00fcc\u00fc yetti\u011fi kadar namaz k\u0131lar, Kur\u2019\u00e2n okur, isti\u011ff\u00e2r eder, dua ve niyazda bulunur, kelime-i tevh\u00eed getirir, tekbir getirir, salev\u00e2t \u00e7eker, Allah\u2019\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, birli\u011fi ve k\u00e2inattaki kudret ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda tefekk\u00fcre dalar, ba\u015fta Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019in hayat\u0131na d\u00e2ir kitaplar olmak \u00fczere d\u00een\u00ee ve ilm\u00ee eserler okur. Bu esn\u00e2da, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc l\u00fczumsuz i\u015ften uzak durur.<\/p>\n
Hanef\u00eeler itikaf\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ele alm\u0131\u015f ve her birisinin ayr\u0131 bir h\u00fckm\u00fc oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir. Buna g\u00f6re:<\/p>\n
1. Ramazan\u2019\u0131n son on g\u00fcn\u00fcnde itik\u00e2fa girmek, kif\u00e2ye s\u00fbretiyle s\u00fcnnet-i m\u00fcekkededir.<\/p>\n
2. Adand\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde itik\u00e2f yapmak v\u00e2ciptir. Bu konuda b\u00fct\u00fcn mezhepler m\u00fcttefiktir. Bir kimse adad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir itik\u00e2f\u0131 yerine getiremeden vef\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissederse, her g\u00fcn i\u00e7in bir fidye verilmesini vasiyet etmelidir.<\/p>\n
3. Bu ikisinin h\u00e2ricindeki itik\u00e2flar m\u00fcstehapt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130tik\u00e2f\u0131n asgar\u00ee m\u00fcddeti hususunda da \u00e2limler ihtilaf etmi\u015flerdir. \u015e\u00e2fi\u00eelere g\u00f6re, itik\u00e2f \u201cS\u00fcbh\u00e2nell\u00e2h\u201d denilecek bir an dah\u00ee olabilir. Ahmed bin Hanbel\u2019in me\u015fhur g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc de b\u00f6yledir. Ancak, ihtil\u00e2ftan kurtulmak i\u00e7in en az bir g\u00fcn kalmak m\u00fcstehapt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
At\u00e2 bin Eb\u00fb Reb\u00e2h<\/b> \u015f\u00f6yle der:<\/p>\n
\u201cBir kimse hay\u0131r murad ederek bir cami\u00adde oturursa, orada kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcddet\u00e7e itik\u00e2f h\u00e2lindedir.\u201d<\/p>\n
Bundan hareketle ecd\u00e2d\u0131m\u0131z, cami giri\u015flerine \u201cNeveyt\u00fc\u2019l-i\u2019tik\u00e2f: \u0130tik\u00e2fa niyet ettim\u201d yazarlar ki, insanlar i\u00e7eri girerken bu \u015fekilde niyet ederek on be\u015f, yirmi dak\u00eekal\u0131k da olsa itik\u00e2f sev\u00e2b\u0131 alabilsinler.<\/p>\n
Hanef\u00eelere g\u00f6re, v\u00e2cib olan itik\u00e2flarda oru\u00e7lu olmak \u015fartt\u0131r. M\u00fcstehab itik\u00e2flarda muayyen bir s\u00fcre \u015fart\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in oru\u00e7 \u015fart\u0131 da yoktur.<\/p>\n
\u0130tik\u00e2fta olan ki\u015fi, han\u0131m\u0131na \u015fehvetle dokunmamal\u0131, cins\u00ee temasta bulunmamal\u0131 ve zar\u00fbr\u00ee h\u00e2ller h\u00e2ricinde d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmamal\u0131d\u0131r. (Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Savm, 80\/2473)<\/p>\n
Zira Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2026Mescidlerde ibadete \u00e7ekilmi\u015f oldu\u011funuz zaman kad\u0131nlara yakla\u015fmay\u0131n!..\u201d<\/b> buyurur. (Bakara 2\/187)<\/p>\n
\u0130tik\u00e2f \u00e7ok faziletli bir ibadet olmakla birlikte, daha m\u00fchim olan ictim\u00e2\u00ee ibadetlere m\u00e2n\u00ee olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir m\u00fcsl\u00fcman, zaman\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fczel kullanarak hem toplumla ilgili hay\u0131r hizmetlerine, hem de \u015fahs\u00ee ibadetlerine vakit ay\u0131rmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kisi \u00e7ak\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise daha hay\u0131rl\u0131 olan\u0131 tercih etmelidir.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n