\u0661\u0662\u0663. \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0642\u0650\u0644\u0650 \u0628\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064d \u0631\u064e\u0636\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e:<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u0627\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0639\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062c\u0650 \u0643\u064e\u0647\u0650\u062c\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0651\u00bb.<\/p>\n
123. Ma\u2019kil bin Yes\u00e2r\u2019dan riv\u00e2yet edildi\u011fine g\u00f6re Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n
\u201cOrtal\u0131k karga\u015fa i\u00e7indeyken ibadet etmek, bana (kavu\u015fmak \u00fczere) hicret etmek gibidir.\u201d <\/i>(M\u00fcslim, Fiten, 130. Ayr\u0131ca bkz. Tirmiz\u00ee, Fiten, 31\/2201; \u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Fiten, 14)<\/p>\n
\u0661\u0662\u0664. \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a \u0647\u064f\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0636\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e: \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e:<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u0648\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0644\u064c \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0634\u064e\u0631\u064d\u0651 \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0650 \u0627\u0642\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064e \u0641\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0642\u0650\u0637\u064e\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064e\u0651\u064a\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0638\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0645\u0650 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0652\u0628\u0650\u062d\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064e\u0651\u062c\u064f\u0644\u064f \u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0633\u0650\u064a \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0639\u064f \u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064c \u062f\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0628\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0636\u064d \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064f\u0651\u0646\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064d. \u0627\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0633\u0650\u0651\u0643\u064f \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0626\u0650\u0630\u064d \u0628\u0650\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0646\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0636\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u0650\u00bb.<\/p>\n
124. Eb\u00fb H\u00fcreyre (r.a) der ki Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u015eiddetli bir \u015fekilde yakla\u015fan fitne sebebiyle vay Arab\u0131n (insanlar\u0131n) h\u00e2line! Ki\u015fi m\u00fc\u2019min olarak sabahlar da ak\u015fam k\u00e2fir oluverir. Bir tak\u0131m insanlar dinlerini k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck bir d\u00fcnya menfaati kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015ftiriverirler. \u0130\u015fte \u00f6yle zamanda dinine s\u0131k\u0131ca sar\u0131lan ki\u015fi, elinde kor ate\u015fi tutan kimse gibidir.\u201d<\/i> (Ahmed, II, 390; Ayr\u0131ca bkz. M\u00fcslim, \u0130man, 186; Tirmizi, Fiten, 30\/2196)<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klamalar:<\/b><\/p>\n
Fesat; istikr\u00e2r\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 ve istikametten sapmak m\u00e2n\u00e2lar\u0131na gelir. Ba\u015fta k\u00fcf\u00fcr olmak \u00fczere, b\u00fct\u00fcn isyank\u00e2r davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7ine al\u0131r. Fes\u00e2d\u0131, insanlar\u0131 Kur\u2019\u00e2n ve S\u00fcnnet\u2019ten ay\u0131rma faaliyeti \u015feklinde de t\u00e2rif edebiliriz. Dinden yana g\u00f6r\u00fcnerek dine kar\u015f\u0131 zihin buland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheler yaymak ise, fes\u00e2d\u0131n en zararl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fididir.<\/p>\n
\u00a0Allah\u2019a isy\u00e2n eden veya bunu emreden ki\u015fi, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde bozgunculuk yapm\u0131\u015f olur. H\u00e2lbuki g\u00f6klerin ve yerin \u0131sl\u00e2h\u0131, Allah\u2019a itaatle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n
Nefsinin hev\u00e2s\u0131na ve \u015feytana uyan insano\u011flu h\u0131rs, tamah, azg\u0131nl\u0131k gibi k\u00f6t\u00fc vas\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n tesiriyle, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde fesat \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak ise:<\/p>\n
\u201cSak\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde bozgunculuk etmeyin!\u201d<\/b> buyurmaktad\u0131r. (Bakara 2\/60)<\/p>\n
Yine m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara, takv\u00e2 sahibi olup kendisine itaat etmelerini emrettikten sonra:<\/p>\n
\u201cYery\u00fcz\u00fcnde bozgunculuk yap\u0131p \u0131sl\u00e2ha \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayan, b\u00f6ylece haddi a\u015fan kimselerin emrine uymay\u0131n!\u201d<\/b> buyurmu\u015ftur. (\u015euara 26\/151-152)<\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 fes\u00e2d\u0131 ve fesat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 sevmemektedir. (Bakara 2\/205; M\u00e2ide 5\/64)<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar\u0131n m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 zararlar \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu sebeple Hz. L\u00fbt\u2019un dilinden bizlere:<\/p>\n
\u0631\u064e\u0628\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0646\u0652\u0635\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0646\u06ea\u064a \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0633\u0650\u062f\u06ea\u064a\u0646\u064e<\/p>\n
\u201c\u015eu fesat\u00e7\u0131lar g\u00fcruhuna kar\u015f\u0131 bana yard\u0131m eyle Rabbim!\u201d<\/b> diye dua etmemizi \u00f6\u011fretmi\u015ftir. (Ankebut 29\/30)<\/p>\n
Fesat\u00e7\u0131lar d\u00eeni ve dindarlar\u0131 sevmezler. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla onlar\u0131n kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir toplumda, Allah\u2019\u0131n d\u00eenini ya\u015famak son derece zordur. \u00d6yle bir vasatta ibadetlere m\u00e2n\u00ee olundu\u011fu gibi, inan\u00e7lar bile kontrol edilmek istenir. Bu zulme m\u00e2ruz kalan insanlar da kabuklar\u0131na \u00e7ekilerek, ibadet etmekten korkar h\u00e2le gelirler.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer taraftan insanlar\u0131n d\u00een\u00ee ve ahl\u00e2k\u00ee duygular\u0131 zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan herkes d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fer. \u0130nsanlar kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131ktan istif\u00e2deyle bir tak\u0131m ge\u00e7ici menfaatler elde etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. M\u00e2neviyatla ilgilenen kimseler, iyice azal\u0131r. Nitecede m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk g\u00fcnlerdeki gibi garip duruma d\u00fc\u015ferler.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fte b\u00f6yle bir zamanda her \u015feyi g\u00f6ze alarak ibadet etmek ve Allah\u2019\u0131n d\u00eenini ya\u015famaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, \u00e7ok zor ve bir o kadar da k\u0131ymetli bir davran\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim birinci hadisimizde,<\/b> kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6nemlerde ibadet etmenin ve \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 ya\u015fatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n, Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019e kavu\u015fmak \u00fczere hicret etmeye, yani Ras\u00fblullah\u2019\u0131n nurlu d\u00fcnyas\u0131na do\u011fru yolculuk yapmaya benzedi\u011fi ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bilindi\u011fi gibi Mekke Fethi\u2019ne kadar hicret, \u0131srarla istenen \u00e7ok faziletli bir amel idi. O devirde hicret edenler, Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim\u2019de pek \u00e7ok def\u00e2 medhedilmi\u015f ve \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Karga\u015fa d\u00f6neminde ibadetlere sar\u0131lmak da aynen bunun gibi zar\u00fbr\u00ee ve medhe \u015f\u00e2y\u00e2n bir davran\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fesat zamanlar\u0131nda karga\u015fadan g\u00f6nl\u00fc \u00e7ekerek ibadetin huzur ikl\u00eemine girmek, h\u00e2diseleri \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla de\u011ferlendirip ona g\u00f6re tav\u0131r almak, m\u00e2nen ve his d\u00fcnyas\u0131 olarak Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019in n\u00fbrlu Med\u00eene\u2019sine hicret etmek gibidir. Nas\u0131l ki k\u00fcf\u00fcr karanl\u0131klar\u0131ndan kurtulmak, Med\u00eene\u2019ye hicret etmekle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olduysa, fitne ve fesat karanl\u0131klar\u0131ndan kurtulmak da yine \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 ya\u015famakla, S\u00fcnnet\u2019e hicret etmekle m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Z\u00e2ten hicretin maksad\u0131 da k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerden uzakla\u015f\u0131p Allah\u2019\u0131n emirlerini tatbik edebilmektir. Nitekim Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/i><\/p>\n
\u201cHak\u00eek\u00ee muh\u00e2cir, Allah\u2019\u0131n yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feyleri terk edendir.\u201d<\/i> (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u00cem\u00e2n, 4; Rik\u00e2k, 26)<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015fte m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, fesat zamanlar\u0131nda g\u00fcnahlara bula\u015fmayarak onlar\u0131n pis ortam\u0131ndan Allah\u2019a ka\u00e7mal\u0131, O\u2019nun emretti\u011fi ibadetlere sar\u0131larak fitne ve fes\u00e2da kar\u015f\u0131 kuvvet kazanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Rahat zamanlarda ibadet edip de s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131nca bu hususta zaaf g\u00f6stermek ve yanl\u0131\u015flara y\u00f6nelmek, kullu\u011fa yak\u0131\u015fan bir tav\u0131r de\u011fildir. As\u0131l kulluk, rahat zamanlarda oldu\u011fu gibi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 zamanlarda da Allah\u2019\u0131n emirlerine yap\u0131\u015fabilmektir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015fuurlu bir m\u00fc\u2019min, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar i\u00e7inde de d\u00eenini muh\u00e2faza edip Allah\u2019\u0131n emirlerine uyarak, kendi ebed\u00ee \u00e2lemini kurtarmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130kinci hadisimizde,<\/b> gelecek fitnelerden bahsedilerek m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar \u00eekaz edilmi\u015f, o devirde d\u00eeni ya\u015fayabilenlerin ellerinde kor ta\u015f\u0131yan bir ki\u015fi gibi zorlanaca\u011f\u0131 ve me\u015fakkatlere m\u00e2ruz kalaca\u011f\u0131 haber verilmi\u015ftir. Zira \u00f6yle zamanlarda baz\u0131 insanlar, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fcnya menfaatleri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00eenlerini sat\u0131p sabah m\u00fc\u2019min iken ak\u015fama k\u00e2fir olarak \u00e7\u0131kabilirler. Her \u015fey madd\u00ee menfaatle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130nanca sayg\u0131 kalmaz. Fesat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n nefs\u00e2n\u00ee hayat\u0131na g\u00f6lge d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrecekleri endi\u015fesiyle m\u00fc\u2019minler, istenmeyen kimseler durumuna d\u00fc\u015ferler. Kimin ne oldu\u011fu belli olmayan b\u00f6yle bir toplumda, m\u00fc\u2019minlerin ya\u015famas\u0131 \u00e7ok zordur. Zorlu\u011fu nisbetinde m\u00fck\u00e2f\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131n da b\u00fcy\u00fck olaca\u011f\u0131 muhakkakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u00dcmmetimin fes\u00e2da u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, s\u00fcnnetime yap\u0131\u015fan ki\u015fiye \u015feh\u00eed sev\u00e2b\u0131 verilir.\u201d<\/i> (Heysem\u00ee, I, 172; Eb\u00fb Nuaym, Hilye,<\/i> VIII, 200; Suy\u00fbt\u00ee, el-C\u00e2m\u00ee,<\/i> no: 9171)<\/p>\n
Zira fes\u00e2d\u0131n galebe \u00e7ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 devirlerde, S\u00fcnnet\u2019e yap\u0131\u015fan kimse bulmak ger\u00e7ekten zordur. Bil\u00e2kis o devirde S\u00fcnnet\u2019i a\u015fa\u011f\u0131layan ve ortadan kald\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan insanlar zuh\u00fbr eder. Ona yap\u0131\u015fmak isteyenler, bu sebeple eziyetlere u\u011frar, s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar \u00e7ekerler. Bu t\u00fcr insanlar, her \u015feyi g\u00f6ze alarak S\u00fcnnet\u2019e sar\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in de \u015fehidler mertebesine y\u00fckselirler.<\/p>\n
Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), di\u011fer bir hadiste, fesat zamanlar\u0131nda ibadet eden m\u00fc\u2019minleri teb\u015f\u00eer ederek \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u0130sl\u00e2m garip ba\u015flad\u0131 ve yine \u00f6nceki garip h\u00e2line d\u00f6necektir. Gariplere m\u00fcjdeler olsun! Onlar benden sonra, insanlar\u0131n S\u00fcnnet\u2019imden bozup fes\u00e2da u\u011fratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131 \u0131sl\u00e2h ederler.\u201d<\/i> (Tirmiz\u00ee, \u00cem\u00e2n, 13\/2630. Ayr\u0131ca bkz. M\u00fcslim, \u00cem\u00e2n, 232-233; Ahmed, I, 184; IV, 73)<\/p>\n
Buradaki \u0131slahtan maksat, say\u0131lar\u0131 iyice azalan ve toplumda garipsenir h\u00e2le gelen m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019in S\u00fcnnet\u2019ini ya\u015famalar\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7leri nisbetinde insanlara anlat\u0131p \u00f6\u011fretmeleridir. Nitekim Beyhak\u00ee\u2019nin riv\u00e2yetinde:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2013Ey Allah\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc, garipler kimlerdir?\u201d diye sorulunca, Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v):<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2013S\u00fcnnet\u2019imi ya\u015fayarak ihy\u00e2 edenler ve onu Allah\u2019\u0131n kullar\u0131na \u00f6\u011fretenlerdir\u201d<\/i> cevab\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. (Beyhak\u00ee, ez-Z\u00fchd\u00fc\u2019l-keb\u00eer,<\/i> s. 150\/207)<\/p>\n
Demek ki Efendimiz\u2019in m\u00fcjdeledi\u011fi garipler, fesat zamanlar\u0131nda kendileri m\u00fcsl\u00fcman kalarak di\u011fer insanlar\u0131 \u0131sl\u00e2h etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kimselerdir. (Bkz. Ahmed, I, 184; IV, 73)<\/p>\n
Yine bir g\u00fcn Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v):<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2013Gariplere m\u00fcjdeler olsun! Gariplere m\u00fcjdeler olsun! Gariplere m\u00fcjdeler olsun!\u201d <\/i>buyurmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2013Ey Allah\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc, garipler kimlerdir?\u201d diye soruldu.<\/p>\n
Efendimiz (s.a.v):<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2013\u00c7ok say\u0131daki k\u00f6t\u00fc insan\u0131n aras\u0131nda bulunan s\u00e2lih ki\u015filerdir. \u00c7evresindekilerden onlara isy\u00e2n edenler, itaat edenlerden daha fazlad\u0131r\u201d<\/i> cevab\u0131n\u0131 verdi. (Ahmed, II, 222, 177)<\/p>\n
Fitne ve fesat d\u00f6nemlerinde az bir amele \u00e7ok kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verilir. K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerin i\u00e7inde ve karanl\u0131k r\u00fbhlu insanlar\u0131n muh\u00e2lefet ve engellemelerine ra\u011fmen yap\u0131lan ibadetler, az da olsa \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131ymet ifade eder. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla b\u00f6yle bir devirde, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ebed\u00ee kurtulu\u015fu elde etmeleri kolayla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu sebeple, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n zor zamanlar\u0131nda daha fazla \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee hizmetlere ko\u015fmak gerekir. Zira, Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hakk\u2019\u0131n az amele \u00e7ok sevap verdi\u011fi b\u00f6yle bir f\u0131rsat devresini, en iyi \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirmek, son derece k\u00e2rl\u0131 bir i\u015ftir.<\/p>\n