\u0668\u0661. \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0634\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0670\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e:<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u064f \u0622\u062f\u064e\u0645\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0670\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0632\u0651\u064e \u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0647\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0642\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u062f\u064e\u0645\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062a\u0650\u064a \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0628\u0650\u0642\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0638\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0641\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0644\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0639\u064f \u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0670\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0632\u0651\u064e \u0648\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0642\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0637\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0633\u064b\u0627\u00bb.<\/p>\n
81. Hz. \u00c2i\u015fe v\u00e2lidemizden riv\u00e2yet edildi\u011fine g\u00f6re Nebiyy-i Ekrem (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u00c2demo\u011flunun, Kurban Bayram\u0131\u2019n\u0131n birinci g\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flerin Allah\u2019a en sevimli olan\u0131, (kurban) kan\u0131 ak\u0131tmakt\u0131r, (O g\u00fcn Allah kat\u0131nda bundan daha sevimli bir amel yoktur.) K\u0131y\u00e2met g\u00fcn\u00fc o kurban, boynuzlar\u0131, t\u0131rnaklar\u0131 ve k\u0131llar\u0131yla gelir. Kurban\u0131n kan\u0131 da, hen\u00fcz yere d\u00fc\u015fmeden Allah\u2019\u0131n r\u0131z\u00e2s\u0131na n\u00e2il olur ve kabul edilir. O h\u00e2lde, kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcl ho\u015fnutlu\u011fu ile kesin!\u201d<\/i> (\u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Ed\u00e2h\u00ee, 3; Tirmiz\u00ee, Ed\u00e2h\u00ee, 1\/1493)<\/i><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0668\u0662. \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a \u0647\u064f\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0670\u0651\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0670\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e:<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0633\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0629\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u064e\u062d\u0651\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0635\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u0627\u00bb.<\/p>\n
82. Eb\u00fb H\u00fcreyre (r.a)\u2019den riv\u00e2yet edildi\u011fine g\u00f6re Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u201cKim imk\u00e2n\u0131 oldu\u011fu h\u00e2lde kurban kesmezse, bizim mescidimize yakla\u015fmas\u0131n!\u201d<\/i> (\u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Ed\u00e2h\u00ee, 2; Ahmed, II, 321)<\/p>\n
\n
A\u00e7\u0131klamalar:<\/b><\/p>\n
Kurb\u00e2n, yakla\u015fmak ve Allah\u2019a yak\u0131nl\u0131k sa\u011flamaya ves\u00eele k\u0131l\u0131nan \u015fey m\u00e2n\u00e2lar\u0131na gelir. Mal ve candan fed\u00e2k\u00e2rl\u0131k m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, Allah\u2019a yakla\u015fman\u0131n en m\u00fchim v\u00e2s\u0131talar\u0131ndand\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hicretin ikinci senesinde emredilmi\u015ftir. Eb\u00fb Han\u00eefe\u2019ye g\u00f6re Kurban g\u00fcnlerinde 20 misk\u00e2l (96 gr) alt\u0131n veya 200 dirhem (640 gr) g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fe m\u00e2lik olan kimselerin kurban kesmeleri, v\u00e2ciptir. Bu nisab\u0131n \u00fczerinden bir sene ge\u00e7\u00admesi \u015fart de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
\u00c2limlerin ekseriyetine g\u00f6re ise, kurban kesmek, m\u00fcekked s\u00fcnnettir.<\/p>\n
Bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u00e2limler, \u015fu \u00e2yetlerin kurbana del\u00e2let etti\u011fini bildirirler:<\/p>\n
\u201cHer \u00fcmmet i\u00e7in, Allah\u2019\u0131n kendilerine r\u0131z\u0131k olarak verdi\u011fi kurbanl\u0131k hayvanlar\u0131n \u00fczerlerine O\u2019nun ad\u0131n\u0131 anarak kurban kesmeyi me\u015fr\u00fb k\u0131ld\u0131k\u2026\u201d<\/b> (Hac 22\/34, 67)<\/b><\/p>\n
\u201cRabbin i\u00e7in namaz k\u0131l ve <\/b>(kurban) kes!\u201d<\/b> (Kevser 108\/2)<\/p>\n
\u201cBiz, o\u011fluna bedel ona b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kurban verdik.\u201d<\/b> (S\u00e2ff\u00e2t 37\/107)<\/p>\n
Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v), emredildikten sonra kurban kesmeyi hi\u00e7 terk etmemi\u015f,[1]<\/a> hatta yolculukta bile kesmi\u015f[2]<\/a> ve \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n \u201cEy insanlar! Her sene her bir ev halk\u0131na kurban kesmek v\u00e2ciptir.\u201d<\/i> (\u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Ed\u00e2h\u00ee, 2; Tirmiz\u00ee, Ed\u00e2h\u00ee, 18\/1518)<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) kurban g\u00fcnlerinin faziletine d\u00e2ir \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n \u201cAllah indinde g\u00fcnlerin en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Kurban Bayram\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr, bunu, fazilette yevm\u00fc\u2019l-karr (bayram\u0131n ikinci g\u00fcn\u00fc) takib eder.\u201d<\/i> (Ebu Davud, Menas\u0131k, 18\/1765)<\/p>\n Yine Efendimiz (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u201cS\u00e2lih amellerin Allah\u2019a en ziyade sevimli oldu\u011fu g\u00fcnler, Zilhicce\u2019nin ilk on g\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr!\u201d<\/i> buyurmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n Cemaatten baz\u0131lar\u0131:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Allah yolundaki cihaddan da m\u0131?\u201d diye sordu.<\/p>\n Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Cihaddan da![3]<\/b><\/a> Ancak can\u0131 ve mal\u0131yla cih\u00e2da \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p hi\u00e7bir \u015feyle d\u00f6nmeyen (yani mal\u0131 ve can\u0131n\u0131 fed\u00e2 ederek \u015fehid d\u00fc\u015fen) ki\u015fi m\u00fcstesn\u00e2!\u201d <\/i>kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 verdi. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Iydeyn, 11; Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Savm, 61\/2438; Tirmiz\u00ee, Savm, 52\/757)<\/p>\n B\u00f6ylesine faziletli g\u00fcnlerde, Allah\u2019a yakla\u015fma gayreti i\u00e7inde olmak \u00eec\u00e2b eder. Birinci hadisimiz, <\/b>o g\u00fcnlerde yap\u0131lacak en sevimli amelin, kurban oldu\u011funu haber vermektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kurban\u0131n her \u015feyi, k\u0131y\u00e2met g\u00fcn\u00fc sahibi i\u00e7in sevap olarak gelecektir.<\/p>\n Kurban, madd\u00ee fed\u00e2k\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve her y\u00f6n\u00fcyle vermeyi gerektiren bir ibadet oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, insan nefsine zor gelir. Bu sebeple Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara, yapt\u0131klar\u0131 amelin fazilet ve sevab\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek m\u00fcsterih olmalar\u0131n\u0131 tavsiye etmektedir.<\/p>\n Hadisimizde \u201ckan ak\u0131tmaktan\u201d <\/i>ve \u201ckan\u0131 hen\u00fcz yere d\u00fc\u015fmeden\u201d<\/i> ifadelerine yer verilmek s\u00fbretiyle, kurbandan maksad\u0131n \u201ckan ak\u0131tmak\u201d oldu\u011fu g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Kan ak\u0131tmaktan maksat da, m\u00fc\u2019minin Allah\u2019a itaat, tesl\u00eemiyet ve ra\u011fbetini arz etmesidir. Yoksa Allah\u2019\u0131n, ete ve kana ihtiyac\u0131 yoktur. Nitekim \u00e2yet-i kerimede:<\/p>\n \u201cAllah\u2019a, kesti\u011finiz kurbanlar\u0131n ne etleri ne de kanlar\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131r. O\u2019na ancak sizin takv\u00e2n\u0131z ula\u015f\u0131r\u2026\u201d<\/b> buyrulmaktad\u0131r. (Hac 22\/37)<\/p>\n Hz. \u00c2dem\u2019in o\u011flu K\u00e2bil\u2019in g\u00f6n\u00fcls\u00fcz takdim etti\u011fi kurban\u0131 kabul edilmeyince, k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131\u011fa kap\u0131larak karde\u015fine, \u00abAndolsun seni \u00f6ld\u00fcrece\u011fim\u00bb demi\u015fti. O zaman H\u00e2bil\u2019in ona verdi\u011fi cevap \u00e7ok m\u00e2nidard\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2026Allah ancak takv\u00e2 sahiplerinden kabul eder.\u201d<\/b> (M\u00e2ide 5\/27)<\/b><\/p>\n Demek ki kurban ile takv\u00e2 aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 bir ba\u011f bulunmaktad\u0131r. Kurban\u0131 ancak, takv\u00e2 ehli kimseler g\u00f6n\u00fcl huz\u00fbru ile kesebilir. Di\u011fer taraftan, kurban keserken takv\u00e2 duygular\u0131yla hareket edilmelidir. Bunun yan\u0131nda kurban, sahibini takv\u00e2 duygular\u0131yla tezy\u00een ederek Allah\u2019a yakla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Allah kat\u0131nda en de\u011ferli insan da, en fazla takv\u00e2 sahibi olan ki\u015fidir. (Hucur\u00e2t 49\/13)<\/p>\n Di\u011fer taraftan Allah, s\u0131rf kendi emrine imtis\u00e2len ve r\u0131z\u00e2s\u0131 i\u00e7in kesilen kurban\u0131 kabul etmektedir. Bunun i\u00e7in Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz:<\/p>\n \u201cKesti\u011fini Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fkas\u0131 ad\u0131na kesene, Allah l\u00e2net etsin\u201d <\/i>buyurmu\u015ftur. (M\u00fcslim, Ed\u00e2h\u00ee, 43-45; Nes\u00e2\u00ee, Dah\u00e2y\u00e2, 34)<\/p>\n \u0130kinci hadisimizde,<\/b> imk\u00e2n\u0131 oldu\u011fu h\u00e2lde kurban kesmeyen kimseler, a\u011f\u0131r bir dille \u00eekaz edilmi\u015ftir. Burada, kurban kesmeden namaz\u0131n sahih olmayaca\u011f\u0131 kastedilmiyor. Ancak kurban kesmeyen ki\u015fiye bir ceza veriliyor ve onun hay\u0131rl\u0131 insanlardan uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na, b\u00f6ylece b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kay\u0131p i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediliyor. Efendimiz (s.a.v), bu \u015fekilde \u00fcmmetini kurban kesmeye te\u015fvik ederek, hepsinin de sevap kazan\u0131p kurtulu\u015fa n\u00e2il olmas\u0131n\u0131 istemektedir.<\/p>\n \u00c2yet-i kerimede:<\/p>\n \u201cBiz,<\/b> (kurbanl\u0131k olarak se\u00e7ti\u011finiz) b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvanlar\u0131 da Allah\u2019\u0131n \u015fe\u00e2irinden <\/b>(O\u2019nu hat\u0131rlatan ni\u015f\u00e2nelerden) k\u0131ld\u0131k…\u201d<\/b> buyrulmu\u015ftur. (Hac 22\/36)<\/p>\n Bu sebeple kurbana ve kurbanl\u0131k hayvanlara Allah i\u00e7in h\u00fcrmetk\u00e2r olmak \u00eec\u00e2b eder. B\u00fct\u00fcn ibadetlerde oldu\u011fu gibi, kurbanda da aslolan, t\u00e2z\u00eem ve takv\u00e2 hisleridir. Bunun bir gere\u011fi olarak, kesilecek hayvan\u0131n sa\u011flam ve besili olmas\u0131 l\u00e2z\u0131md\u0131r. Hadis-i \u015ferifte \u015f\u00f6yle buyrulur:<\/p>\n \u201cKurban edilmeleri c\u00e2iz olmayan d\u00f6rt (hayvan) vard\u0131r:<\/i><\/p>\n 1. K\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belli olan tek g\u00f6zl\u00fc,<\/i><\/p>\n 2. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belli olan hasta,<\/i><\/p>\n 3. Topall\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k olan topal ve,<\/i><\/p>\n 4. \u0130likleri kurumu\u015f zay\u0131f hayvan.\u201d <\/i>(Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, Ed\u00e2h\u00ee, 5-6\/2802; Tirmiz\u00ee, Ed\u00e2h\u00ee, 5\/1497)<\/p>\n Urve<\/b> (r.a) bir g\u00fcn evl\u00e2dlar\u0131na \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n \u201cEvl\u00e2tlar\u0131m! Sak\u0131n biriniz, bir b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011fe hediye edince utanaca\u011f\u0131 bir \u015feyi Allah i\u00e7in kurban olarak takdim etmesin! Z\u00eera Allah, b\u00fcy\u00fcklerin b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr ve O, her \u015feyin en se\u00e7kinine ve en k\u0131ymetlisine herkesten ziy\u00e2de l\u00e2y\u0131kt\u0131r.\u201d <\/i>(Muvatta\u2019<\/i>, Hacc, 147)<\/p>\n Kurban keserken \u00e7ok hassas davran\u0131lmal\u0131, hayvan\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fc iyice ba\u011flanmal\u0131 ve bir \u00e7ukura iki kurban kesilmemelidir. Yine bir hayvan\u0131, di\u011ferinin g\u00f6z\u00fc \u00f6n\u00fcnde kurban etmemeye \u00eetin\u00e2 g\u00f6sterilmelidir. Hayvan\u0131 kesilece\u011fi yere itip kakarak s\u00fcr\u00fcklemek, uygun bir davran\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir. \u015eayet k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f bir hayvan ise, onu kuca\u011fa al\u0131p r\u0131fk ve m\u00fcl\u00e2yemetle g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek en g\u00fczelidir. B\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f hayvan\u0131 da yine g\u00fczel bir \u015fekilde kesim mahalline g\u00f6t\u00fcrmelidir. Kurban\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fc k\u0131bleye d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmeli, kesecek olan ki\u015fi besmele \u00e7ekip tekbir getirmeli ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse bizzat kendi eliyle kesmelidir.[4]<\/a> Bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011filse vek\u00e2let vermeli, ancak kesilirken, kurban\u0131n yan\u0131nda bulunmaya gayret etmelidir.<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah Efendimiz (s.a.v), b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131n bilenerek hayvanlardan gizlenmesini emretmi\u015f ve \u015fu tenbihte bulunmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n \u201cBiriniz hayvan\u0131n\u0131 kesece\u011fi zaman, o i\u015fi h\u0131zl\u0131 yaps\u0131n!\u201d<\/i> (\u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Zeb\u00e2ih, 3)<\/p>\n \u201cAllah her \u015feyi en g\u00fczel \u015fekilde yapmay\u0131 emretmi\u015ftir. \u00d6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde bile en g\u00fczel tarzda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcz! Kesti\u011finiz zaman da kesmeyi en iyi \u015fekilde yap\u0131\u00adn\u0131z! Her biriniz b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilesin ve hayvan\u0131n\u0131 rahatlats\u0131n!\u201d<\/i> (M\u00fcslim, Sayd, 57; Tirmiz\u00ee, Diy\u00e2t, 14\/1409; Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, Ed\u00e2h\u00ee, 11-12\/2815)<\/p>\n Burada hayvan\u0131 rahatlatmaktan maksat, b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 bileyerek hayvan\u0131n bo\u011faz\u0131na s\u00fcr\u2019atle s\u00fcr\u00fcp kesimi \u00e7abuk yapmak ve hayvan\u0131 ok\u015famak gibi \u015feylerdir.<\/p>\n Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v), koyun kesen birini g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Adam, kesmek \u00fczere koyunu yere yat\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Bu kat\u0131 ve duygusuz davran\u0131\u015f kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem Efendimiz \u015fu \u00eekazda bulundu:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Hayvan\u0131 defalarca m\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek istiyorsun? B\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131, onu yere yat\u0131rmadan \u00f6nce bilesen olmaz m\u0131yd\u0131?\u201d<\/i> (H\u00e2kim, IV, 257, 260\/7570)<\/i><\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), derisini ve bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kesip b\u0131rakarak hayvan\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcnceye kadar bu \u015fekilde terk etmeyi yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[5]<\/a> Bo\u011faz\u0131n iki taraf\u0131ndaki \u015fah damarlar\u0131 ile yemek ve nefes borular\u0131 iyice kesilmelidir. Hayvan\u0131 kestikten sonra biraz bekleyerek, v\u00fcc\u00fbdundaki kan\u0131n iyice bo\u015falmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131 ve hayvan can \u00e7eki\u015firken hemen y\u00fczmeye ba\u015flanmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kurban kesilirken oturmay\u0131p, kan tamamen ak\u0131ncaya kadar h\u00fcrmeten ayakta beklemek de s\u00e2lihlerin \u00e2detlerindendir.<\/p>\n C\u00e2bir<\/b> (r.a), Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn kurban kesmesini \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u201cRas\u00fblullah (s.a.v), kurban g\u00fcn\u00fc alacal\u0131 ve boynuzlu iki ko\u00e7 kesti. Onlar\u0131 (yat\u0131r\u0131p k\u0131bleye) y\u00f6neltince:<\/p>\n \u00abBen han\u00eef olarak <\/b>(Allah\u2019\u0131 bir tan\u0131yarak), y\u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6kleri ve yeri yoktan yaratan Allah\u2019a \u00e7evirdim ve ben m\u00fc<\/b>\u015f<\/b>riklerden de<\/b>\u011f<\/b>ilim\u00bb<\/b> (En\u2019\u00e2m 6\/79)<\/p>\n \u00abDe ki: <\/b>\u015e<\/b>\u00fcphesiz benim namaz<\/b>\u0131<\/b>m, kurban<\/b>\u0131<\/b>m, hayat<\/b>\u0131<\/b>m ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcm hepsi \u00e2lemlerin Rabbi Allah i\u00e7indir. O\u2019nun orta<\/b>\u011f\u0131<\/b> yoktur. Ben bununla emrolundum ve ben m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar<\/b>\u0131<\/b>n ilkiyim\u00bb<\/b>[6]<\/a> \u00e2yetlerini okudu ve:<\/i><\/p>\n \u00abEy Rabbim! (Bu kurban bize) sendendir ve senin i\u00e7in kesiyoruz. Muhammed (s.a.v) ve \u00fcmmeti ad\u0131na kesiyorum. Bismillahi vall\u00e2hu ekber!\u00bb<\/i> deyip ko\u00e7u kesti.\u201d (Ebu D\u00e2vud, Ed\u00e2h\u00ee, 3-4\/2795; \u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Ed\u00e2h\u00ee, 1)<\/p>\n Yine C\u00e2bir<\/b> (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u201cBir Kurban Bayram\u0131\u2019nda, Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) ile musall\u00e2da\/namazg\u00e2hta haz\u0131r bulundum. Hutbesini tamamlay\u0131nca minberinden indi. Kurbanl\u0131k bir ko\u00e7 getirildi. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) onu kendi eliyle kesti. Keserken de \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu:<\/p>\n \u00abBismillahi vall\u00e2hu ekber. Bu, benim ad\u0131ma ve \u00fcmmetimden kurban kesemeyenler ad\u0131nad\u0131r!\u00bb\u201d<\/i> (Tirmiz\u00ee, Ed\u00e2h\u00ee, 20\/1521)<\/p>\n Bu riv\u00e2yetlerde ayn\u0131 zamanda, Fahr-i K\u00e2in\u00e2t Efendimiz\u2019in \u00fcmmetine ne kadar d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu da g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n Abdull\u00e2h bin Kurt<\/b> (r.a) \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019e be\u015f veya alt\u0131 tane kurbanl\u0131k deve getiril\u00admi\u015fti. Develer, hangimizden ba\u015flayacak diye Peygamber (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019e yakla\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.[7]<\/a> Develer kesilip yanlar\u0131 ve ba\u015flar\u0131 yere d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce Ras\u00fblullah Efendimiz (s.a.v) hafif sesle bir \u015fey s\u00f6yledi, ancak anlayamad\u0131m. (\u00d6n\u00fcmdeki \u015fahsa):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2212Ne buyurdu?\u201d diye sordum:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2212\u00ab\u0130steyen bu kurbandan kesip alabilir\u00bb<\/i> buyuruyor\u201d dedi. (Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Men\u00e2s\u0131k, 19\/1765; H\u00e2kim, IV, 246\/7522)<\/p>\n \u0130hramda bulunan hac\u0131lar kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131 kesmedik\u00e7e, t\u0131ra\u015f olup ihramdan \u00e7\u0131kamad\u0131klar\u0131 gibi, memleketlerinde kurban kesecek m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n da Zilhicce ay\u0131n\u0131n hil\u00e2li g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131 kesinceye kadar sa\u00e7 ve t\u0131rnaklar\u0131n\u0131 kestirmemeleri uygun olur.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n Bu davran\u0131\u015f, hac\u0131lara benzemek ve m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131ndaki inan\u00e7 birli\u011finin, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn mertebe cihan\u015f\u00fcm\u00fbl karakterde davran\u0131\u015f birli\u011fine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesine katk\u0131da bulunmak i\u00e7indir.<\/p>\n B\u00f6yle davranman\u0131n di\u011fer bir hikmeti de, kurban kesen ki\u015finin b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00fccreleriyle birlikte cehennemden \u00e2z\u00e2d olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak, kurban edilen hayvan\u0131n her bir \u00e2z\u00e2s\u0131na mukabil, kurban kesen kulunun o uzvunu cehennemden \u00e2z\u00e2d etmektedir.<\/p>\n Kurban, us\u00fbl\u00fcnce kesilip par\u00e7aland\u0131ktan sonra etinden yemeli ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131na da ikr\u00e2m etmelidir. Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2026Art\u0131k ondan, hem kendiniz yiyin, hem de yoksula, fakire yedirin!.\u201d <\/b>(Hac 22\/28, 36)<\/p>\n M\u00fcstehap olan, kurban\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7e taksim edip bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 evde yemek, bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 e\u015fe dosta ikr\u00e2m etmek, bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 da fukaraya da\u011f\u0131tmakt\u0131r. <\/i>(Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, Ed\u00e2h\u00ee, 9-10\/2813)<\/p>\n Cemiyet i\u00e7inde ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011funda kurban etlerinin bir an evvel inf\u00e2k edilmesi te\u015fvik edilmi\u015ftir. Bir def\u00e2s\u0131nda Ras\u00fblull\u00e2h Efendimiz (s.a.v) (bayram hutbesinde):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2012Sizden kim kurban keserse, bayram\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fcnden sonra evinde kurban etinden bir\u015fey kalmas\u0131n!\u201d<\/i> buyurmu\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n Ertesi sene gelince sah\u00e2b\u00eeler:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2012Y\u00e2 Ras\u00fblall\u00e2h! Yine ge\u00e7en sene yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi mi yapal\u0131m?\u201d diye sordular.<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblull\u00e2h Efendimiz (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle cevap verdiler:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2012Bu sene kendiniz yiyiniz, ba\u015fkalar\u0131na yediriniz ve daha sonra yemek i\u00e7in saklay\u0131n\u0131z! Ge\u00e7en sene insanlar ge\u00e7im s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekiyorlard\u0131. Bu sebeble onlara bu hususta yard\u0131mc\u0131 olman\u0131z\u0131 istemi\u015ftim.\u201d<\/i> (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Ed\u00e2h\u00ee, 16)<\/p>\n Ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kiram\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee hass\u00e2siyetini g\u00f6steren \u015fu h\u00e2dise de ibretle zikredilmeye \u015f\u00e2y\u00e2nd\u0131r:<\/p>\n Eb\u00fb Sa\u00eed bin M\u00e2lik el-Hudr\u00ee<\/b> (r.a) bir seferden gelmi\u015fti. \u00c2ilesi kendisine kurban etlerinden takd\u00eem ettiler. Eb\u00fb Sa\u00eed (r.a):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2012Ben bunun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc sormad\u0131k\u00e7a yemeyece\u011fim.\u201d de\u00addi.<\/p>\n Akabinde Bedir\u2019de haz\u0131r bulunmu\u015f olan ana-bir karde\u015fi Kat\u00e2de bin Numan<\/b>\u2019a gidip ona bu mes\u2019eleyi sordu. O da:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2012Sen gittikten sonra, kurban etlerini \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcnden sonra yemeyi yasaklayan h\u00fck\u00fcm kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.\u201d dedi. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Me\u011f\u00e2z\u00ee, 12)<\/p>\n Kurban\u0131n derisini ve istif\u00e2de edilen di\u011fer k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 evde kullanmak c\u00e2iz ise de, sat\u0131p paras\u0131n\u0131 almak c\u00e2iz de\u011fildir. Sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, k\u0131ymetinin tasadduk edilmesi l\u00e2z\u0131md\u0131r. Yine kurbanl\u0131k hayvan\u0131n kesilmeden evvel s\u00fct\u00fcnden, y\u00fcn\u00fcnden istif\u00e2de edilmesi ho\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f, \u015fayet kullan\u0131ld\u0131ysa bedelinin fakirlere verilmesi istenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Kurban\u0131n kesilip par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 esn\u00e2s\u0131nda temizli\u011fe ve s\u0131hh\u00ee \u015fartlara \u00e2zam\u00ee derecede dikkat etmek l\u00e2z\u0131md\u0131r. Sokaklar\u0131 ve \u00e7evreyi kirleterek \u00e7irkin koku ve manzaralara meydan verilmemelidir.<\/p>\n Kurban\u0131n baz\u0131 fayda ve hikmetlerini k\u0131saca hat\u0131rlamak gerekirse \u015funlar s\u00f6ylenebilir:<\/p>\n Kurban bize, Hz. \u0130brahim ve \u0130smail\u2019in teslimiyetini ve kulluktaki \u00fcst\u00fcn h\u00e2llerini hat\u0131rlat\u0131r. Allah\u2019\u0131n her \u015feyi insanlara musahhar k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fiilen g\u00f6sterip bunlardan us\u00fbl\u00fcnce istif\u00e2de ve infak etmeyi \u00f6\u011fretir. Zira, Allah\u2019\u0131n emrimize verdi\u011fi n\u00eemetlerden faydalanmamak do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, onlar\u0131 israf etmek de son derece yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in \u0130sl\u00e2m kurban\u0131 emretmi\u015f, ancak di\u011fer taraftan da isr\u00e2f\u0131 ve hayvanlara eziyeti yasaklam\u0131\u015f, hatta belli bir ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Kurban, insan\u0131 cimrilik ve mal sevgisinden kurtar\u0131r. Toplumdaki karde\u015flik, yard\u0131mla\u015fma, payla\u015fma ve fukaray\u0131 sevindirme duygular\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131 muhabbet ve merhametle birbirine ba\u011flar. Allah\u2019\u0131n n\u00eemetlerinden b\u00fct\u00fcn kullar\u0131n\u0131n istif\u00e2de etmesini sa\u011flar. Toplum h\u00e2linde yerine getirilen ferd\u00ee ve ictim\u00e2\u00ee ibadetlerle Allah\u2019\u0131n r\u0131z\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131 kazanmaya ve O\u2019na yakla\u015fmaya ves\u00eele olur.<\/p>\n [1]<\/a> Tirmiz\u00ee, Ed\u00e2h\u00ee, 11\/1507. Hatta Efendimiz (s.a.v), vef\u00e2t\u0131ndan sonra da kendisi ad\u0131na kurban kesilmesini istemi\u015ftir. Hane\u015f (r.a), Hz. Ali\u2019yi iki t\u00e2ne ko\u00e7 kurban ederken g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve ni\u00e7in b\u00f6yle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sormu\u015ftu. Hz. Ali (r.a) \u015fu cev\u00e2b\u0131 verdi:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), bana (vef\u00e2t\u0131ndan sonra) kendisi i\u00e7in de kurban kesmemi vasiyet buyurmu\u015ftu. Bunlardan birini onun ad\u0131na kesiyorum ve bunu da hi\u00e7bir zaman terk etmeyece\u011fim!\u201d dedi. (Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Ed\u00e2h\u00ee, 1-2\/2790; Tirmiz\u00ee, Ed\u00e2h\u00ee, 3\/1495; Ahmed, I, 107)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [2]<\/a> M\u00fcslim, Hac, 356-7; Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Ed\u00e2h\u00ee, 10-11\/2814; Tirmiz\u00ee, Ed\u00e2h\u00ee, 8\/1501. Ancak kesme ve da\u011f\u0131tman\u0131n zorlu\u011fu sebebiyle, yolculara bu hususta ruhsat tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani sefer\u00ee\/yolcu olan ki\u015fi, isterse kurban keser istemezse kesmeyebilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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