\u0665\u0663. \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a \u0647\u064f\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0636\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u064a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f: \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e:<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u062f\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064f \u0641\u064f\u062a\u0650\u0651\u062d\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u063a\u064f\u0644\u0650\u0651\u0642\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064f \u062c\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0644\u0652\u0633\u0650\u0644\u064e\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064e\u0651\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0637\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064f\u00bb.<\/p>\n
53. Eb\u00fb H\u00fcreyre (r.a) der ki: Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu:<\/p>\n
\u201cRamazan ay\u0131 girdi\u011finde cennet kap\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r, cehennem kap\u0131lar\u0131 kapan\u0131r ve \u015feytanlar zincire vurulur.\u201d <\/i>(Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Bed\u2019ul-Halk, 11; M\u00fcslim, S\u0131y\u00e2m, 1, 2, 4, 5)<\/p>\n
\u0665\u0664. \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u064a \u0647\u064f\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0636\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u064a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f: \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e:<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u064f: (\u0643\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0651 \u0639\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0628\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0622\u062f\u064e\u0645\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0650\u0651\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0644\u0650\u064a \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0632\u0650\u064a \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650) \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0650\u0651\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064f \u062c\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0635\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u0650\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0641\u064f\u062b\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0627\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0635\u0652\u062e\u064e\u0628\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0633\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u064c \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u0642\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0644\u0652: \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0650\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0624\u064c \u0635\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0645\u064c \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a \u0646\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0633\u064f \u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0651\u062f\u064d \u0628\u0650\u064a\u064e\u062f\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0644\u064e\u062e\u064f\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0641\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0645\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0637\u0652\u064a\u064e\u0628\u064f \u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0631\u0650\u064a\u062d\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0643\u0650. \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0645\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0631\u064e\u062d\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627: \u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0637\u064e\u0631\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0631\u0650\u062d\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064e\u0631\u0650\u062d\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0635\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0647\u0650\u00bb.<\/p>\n
54. Eb\u00fb H\u00fcreyre (r.a)\u2019den riv\u00e2yet edildi\u011fine g\u00f6re Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n
\u201cAllah Te\u00e2l\u00e2: \u00ab\u0130nsan\u0131n oru\u00e7 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki her ameli kendisi i\u00e7indir. Oru\u00e7 ise benim i\u00e7indir, onun m\u00fck\u00e2fat\u0131n\u0131 da ben verece\u011fim\u00bb buyurdu.<\/i><\/p>\n
Oru\u00e7 kalkand\u0131r. Biriniz oru\u00e7 tuttu\u011fu g\u00fcn k\u00f6t\u00fc s\u00f6z s\u00f6ylemesin ve kavga etmesin. \u015eayet biri kendisine hakaret eder ya da \u00e7atarsa:<\/i><\/p>\n
\u00ab\u2013Ben oru\u00e7luyum\u00bb desin.<\/i><\/p>\n
Muhammed\u2019in can\u0131 kudret elinde olan Allah\u2019a yemin ederim ki, oru\u00e7lunun a\u011f\u0131z kokusu, Allah kat\u0131nda miskten daha ho\u015ftur. Oru\u00e7lunun sevinece\u011fi iki \u00e2n vard\u0131r:<\/i><\/p>\n
Bir, iftar etti\u011fi zaman sevinir, bir de Rabbine kavu\u015ftu\u011fu zaman orucunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na sevinir.\u201d<\/i> (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Savm, 9; M\u00fcslim, S\u0131y\u00e2m, 163)<\/p>\n
\u0665\u0665. \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a \u0647\u064f\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0636\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0647\u064f \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e: \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u0650 \u0635\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e:<\/p>\n
\u00ab\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0639\u0652 \u0642\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064f\u0651\u0648\u0631\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u0650 \u062d\u064e\u0627\u062c\u064e\u0629\u064c \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0637\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0648\u064e\u0634\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064e\u0647\u064f\u00bb.<\/p>\n
55. Eb\u00fb H\u00fcreyre (r.a) der ki: Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu:<\/i><\/p>\n
\u201cKim yalan konu\u015fmay\u0131 ve yalanla i\u015f yapmay\u0131 terk etmezse, Allah\u2019\u0131n o kimsenin yiyip i\u00e7meyi b\u0131rakmas\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131 yoktur.\u201d <\/i>(Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Savm, 8; Edeb, 51. Ayr\u0131ca bkz. Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Savm, 26\/2362; Tirmiz\u00ee, Savm, 16\/707; \u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, S\u0131y\u00e2m, 21)<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
A\u00e7\u0131klamalar<\/b>:<\/b><\/p>\n
Sene i\u00e7indeki aylar\u0131n efendisi[1]<\/a> olan Ramazan, mub\u00e2rek[2]<\/a> bir zaman dilimi ve bereketli bir ibadet ay\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ayda sem\u00e2n\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve il\u00e2h\u00ee rahmet her tarafa yay\u0131l\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan ibadet ve hasen\u00e2ta s\u00e2ir zamanlardakine g\u00f6re daha \u00e7ok sevap verilir ve g\u00fcnahlar affedilir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar topluca yo\u011fun bir ibadet ikl\u00eemine girerler.<\/p>\n Ramazan ay\u0131n\u0131n faziletli olmas\u0131n\u0131n belli ba\u015fl\u0131 sebepleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u2022 Hid\u00e2yet rehberimiz Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim, bu ayda indirilmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Bakara 2\/185)<\/p>\n \u2022 Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hakk\u2019\u0131n, \u201cbin aydan daha hay\u0131rl\u0131\u201d<\/b>[3]<\/a> oldu\u011funu haber verdi\u011fi Kadir Gecesi bu aydad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u2022 En m\u00fchim sebep de Y\u00fcce Rabbimizin kullar\u0131na l\u00fbtufta bulunarak, senenin bir ay\u0131n\u0131 kazan\u00e7 mevsimi h\u00e2line getirmesidir. Kendilerine bah\u015fedilen bu f\u0131rsat\u0131 de\u011ferlendiren m\u00fc\u2019minler, Kitap ve S\u00fcnnet-i Seniyye\u2019yi bir ay boyunca hayatlar\u0131na yans\u0131t\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece b\u00fcy\u00fck ecirler kazanm\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcnahlar\u0131 da affedilmi\u015f olarak bayram sabah\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karlar.<\/p>\n Ramazan ay\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn mevsimleri dola\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n, her t\u00fcr \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda Allah\u2019a ihl\u00e2s ve tesl\u00eemiyetle ibadet ettiklerini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n Bu kadar faziletli bir ayda sevap kazan\u0131p cennete girmek, cehennemden uzakla\u015farak \u015feytana g\u00e2lib gelmek, \u015f\u00fcphesiz daha kolayd\u0131r. \u015eeytan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olan nefis, oru\u00e7la terbiye edildi\u011finden, insan Ramazan\u2019da g\u00fcnahlardan uzakla\u015fma hususunda zorluk \u00e7ekmez. O h\u00e2lde <\/b>m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, <\/b>Ramazan f\u0131rsat\u0131n\u0131 iyi de\u011ferlendirmeli, oru\u00e7lar\u0131 hakk\u0131yla tutmaya, Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim, zikir ve bilhassa gece ibadetleriyle me\u015fgul olmaya, bol bol hay\u0131r ve infakta bulunmaya gayret etmelidir.<\/p>\n Ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kiram Ramazan\u2019\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir co\u015fku ve heyecanla ya\u015far ve bu m\u00e2nev\u00ee havay\u0131 evlatlar\u0131na da teneff\u00fcs ettirirlerdi. Nitekim Hz. \u00d6mer<\/b> (r.a), Ramazan\u2019da sarho\u015f olan birine:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2212Yaz\u0131klar olsun sana! Bizim \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z bile oru\u00e7 tutmaktad\u0131r\u201d demi\u015ftir. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Savm, 47)<\/p>\n G\u00fcnd\u00fczleri oru\u00e7la de\u011ferlendirilen Ramazan ay\u0131n\u0131n, geceleri de ter\u00e2vih ve tehecc\u00fcd namaz\u0131, Kur\u2019\u00e2n til\u00e2veti ve zikirle ihy\u00e2 edilmelidir. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u015fu m\u00fcjdeyi verir:<\/p>\n \u201cKim, inanarak ve sev\u00e2b\u0131n\u0131 Allah\u2019tan umarak Ramazan gecelerini ihy\u00e2 ederse, ge\u00e7mi\u015f g\u00fcnahlar\u0131 affolunur.\u201d<\/i> (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Ter\u00e2vih, 46)<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), Ramazan\u2019da bir g\u00fcn evinden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, mescidin kenar\u0131nda namaz k\u0131lan bir grub g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Onlar ne yap\u0131yor?\u201d<\/i> diye sordu.<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Onlar, ezberlerinde fazla Kur\u2019\u00e2n olmayan kimselerdir, \u00dcbey bin K\u00e2\u2019b (r.a) onlara namaz k\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131yor!\u201d dediler.<\/p>\n Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v):<\/i><\/p>\n \u201c\u2013\u0130sabet etmi\u015fler, ne kadar g\u00fczel ve iyi bir \u015fey yap\u0131yorlar!\u201d<\/i> buyurdu. (Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Ramazan, 1\/1377)<\/p>\n Di\u011fer taraftan, gerek farz olan zek\u00e2t, gerekse n\u00e2file sadakalar, bu ayda daha \u00f6nemli h\u00e2le gelir. Nitekim Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019e:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Hangi sadaka<\/b> daha faziletlidir?\u201d diye soruldu\u011funda:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Ramazan ay\u0131nda verilen sadaka!\u201d<\/i> cevab\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. (Tirmizi, Zekat, 28\/663)<\/p>\n Burada ge\u00e7en \u201csadaka\u201d kelimesi, Arap\u00e7a\u2019da farz olan zek\u00e2t m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131na da gelmektedir. Bu sebeple zek\u00e2t\u0131 Ramazan\u2019da vermek daha g\u00fczel g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m, F\u0131t\u0131r sadakalar\u0131<\/b>n\u0131 ve di\u011fer infaklar\u0131n\u0131 bu ayda fazlas\u0131yla \u00eef\u00e2 ederlerdi.[4]<\/a> \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Sadaka-i F\u0131tr\u2019\u0131n m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan b\u00fcy\u00fck-k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, kad\u0131n-erkek, her bir h\u00fcr ve k\u00f6le \u00fczerine bir s\u00e2\u2019[5]<\/a> hurma veya bir s\u00e2\u2019 arpa olarak farz k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015ftir. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Zek\u00e2t, 70-78; M\u00fcslim, Zek\u00e2t, 13)<\/p>\n F\u0131t\u0131r Sadakas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 Bayram Namaz\u0131\u2019ndan evvel vermek s\u00fbretiyle muhta\u00e7lar\u0131n g\u00f6nl\u00fcne de bayram s\u00fcr\u00fbru tatt\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ramazan\u2019\u0131n bereketinden \u00e2z\u00e2m\u00ee derecede istif\u00e2de edebilmek i\u00e7in c\u00f6mertli\u011fi art\u0131rmak l\u00e2z\u0131md\u0131r. Nitekim Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz b\u00f6yle yapard\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130bn-i Abb\u00e2s<\/b> (r.a) der ki:<\/p>\n \u201cRas\u00fbllullah (s.a.v) insanlar\u0131n en c\u00f6merdi idi. Onun en c\u00f6mert oldu\u011fu vakitler de Ramazan\u2019da Cebr\u00e2il (a.s) ile bulu\u015ftu\u011fu zamanlard\u0131. Cebr\u00e2il (a.s), Ramazan\u2019\u0131n her gecesi Hz. Peygamber ile bulu\u015fur, (kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131) Kur\u2019\u00e2n okurlard\u0131. Bundan dolay\u0131 Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), Cebr\u00e2il (a.s) ile bulu\u015ftu\u011funda, esmek i\u00e7in engel tan\u0131mayan bereketli r\u00fczg\u00e2rlardan daha c\u00f6mert olurdu.\u201d (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Bed\u2019\u00fc\u2019l-Vahy, 5, 6; Savm, 7; Men\u00e2k\u0131b, 23; Bed\u2019\u00fc\u2019l-Halk, 6; Fed\u00e2il\u00fc\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n, 7; Edeb, 39; M\u00fcslim, Fed\u00e2il, 48, 50)<\/p>\n Ramazan denildi\u011finde akla oru\u00e7 gelir. Oru\u00e7<\/b>, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n be\u015f esas\u0131ndan biridir. Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak onu \u00f6nceki \u00fcmmetlere de farz k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Oru\u00e7, \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ve derin m\u00e2n\u00e2lar ihtiv\u00e2 eden bir ibadettir. Riy\u00e2 ve g\u00f6steri\u015ften en uzak ibadet de yine oru\u00e7tur. Bu sebeple Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 onu kendisine mahsus k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Her iyili\u011fe, on mislinden yediy\u00fcz misline kadar sevap verilir. Ancak oru\u00e7 bunun h\u00e2ricindedir. Onun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 verecek ve oru\u00e7 tutan kullar\u0131n\u0131 gerek d\u00fcnyada gerekse \u00e2hirette sevindirip cennetinde husus\u00ee olarak a\u011f\u0131rlayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n \u201cCennette Reyy\u00e2n denilen bir kap\u0131 vard\u0131r ki, k\u0131yamet g\u00fcn\u00fc oradan ancak oru\u00e7lular girecek, onlardan ba\u015fka kimse giremeyecektir\u2026\u201d <\/i>(Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Savm, 4; M\u00fcslim, S\u0131y\u00e2m, 166)<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), orucun g\u00fcnahlara, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklere ve cehennem azab\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flam bir kalkan oldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc oru\u00e7 tutan kimse, k\u00f6t\u00fc s\u00f6zlerden uzak durup kimseyle kavga etmeyecek ve oru\u00e7lu oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlayarak kendisine yap\u0131lan kabal\u0131klara sabredecektir. B\u00f6yle bir hayat, \u015f\u00fcphesiz insan\u0131 cehennemden muh\u00e2faza eder.<\/p>\n Orucun bir hususiyeti de, g\u00fcnahlara keff\u00e2ret olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n \u201cKim, faziletine inanarak ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Allah\u2019tan bekleyerek Ramazan orucunu tutarsa, ge\u00e7mi\u015f g\u00fcnahlar\u0131 affedilir.\u201d <\/i>(Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u00cem\u00e2n, 28; Savm, 6; M\u00fcslim, S\u0131y\u00e2m, 203)<\/p>\n Allah\u2019\u0131n emirlerinde kullar\u0131 i\u00e7in pek \u00e7ok faydalar, yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feylerde de pek \u00e7ok zararlar vard\u0131r. Bunlardaki hikmet ve inceliklerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 insan akl\u0131yla idrak edilebilirse de, \u00e7o\u011fu ak\u0131lla kavranamaz. Z\u00e2ten ibadetlerde as\u0131l olan da, Allah\u2019a ihl\u00e2sla kulluk etmektir; hikmet ve sebeplerin tesb\u00eeti, o kadar m\u00fchim de\u011fildir. \u00c2limlerimiz orucun da bilinen ve bilinmeyen say\u0131s\u0131z hikmetler ihtiv\u00e2 etti\u011fini s\u00f6yler ve anlayabildikleri baz\u0131 faydalar\u0131ndan bahsederler. Onlardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n Nefsi, meyletti\u011fi \u015feylerden al\u0131koyan ve sabr\u0131 \u00f6\u011freten oru\u00e7, insan\u0131 belli bir ir\u00e2de ve nefis terbiyesine t\u00e2b\u00ee tutarak takv\u00e2ya erdirmektedir. Oru\u00e7 s\u00e2yesinde insan, elindeki nimetlerin k\u0131ymetini anlar. G\u00f6nl\u00fcndeki \u015fefkat ve merhamet hisleri artar ve toplumdaki muhta\u00e7lar\u0131 daha iyi fark etmeye ba\u015flar. Allah\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 hamd ve \u015f\u00fck\u00fcr, kullar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 da merhamet ve yard\u0131m hisleriyle dolar.<\/p>\n Di\u011fer taraftan, orucun s\u0131hhat a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da son derece faydal\u0131 oldu\u011fu, herkesin m\u00e2lumudur.<\/p>\n Orucun m\u00e2nen faydal\u0131 olabilmesi i\u00e7in, beden ve r\u00fbh \u00e2hengi i\u00e7inde tutulmas\u0131 l\u00e2z\u0131md\u0131r. Yani madd\u00ee beden oru\u00e7 tutarken kalp, nefis ve di\u011fer \u00e2z\u00e2lar da oru\u00e7 tutmal\u0131, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc haram ve mekruhtan uzak durmal\u0131d\u0131r. Oru\u00e7tan maksat da zaten m\u00e2nen y\u00fckselerek, Allah\u2019\u0131n emir ve yasaklar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hass\u00e2siyet kazanmakt\u0131r. Bu sebeple oru\u00e7lunun ya\u00adlan, iftira, g\u0131ybet, s\u00f6z ta\u015f\u0131ma gibi davran\u0131\u015flardan, k\u00fcf\u00fcr ve l\u00e2net gibi k\u00f6t\u00fc s\u00f6zlerden, kavgadan, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc k\u00f6t\u00fc fiil ve g\u00fcnahtan \u015fiddetle sak\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir. Oru\u00e7lu m\u00fc\u2019min, kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan kabal\u0131klara da s\u00fck\u00fbnetle muk\u00e2bele etmeyi bilmelidir. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hakk\u2019\u0131n b\u00f6yle tutulmayan oru\u00e7tan r\u00e2z\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmektedir. Oru\u00e7 arzu edildi\u011fi \u015fekilde tutulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda insan, borcunu \u00f6demekle birlikte, orucun m\u00e2nev\u00ee kem\u00e2l ve faziletinden mahrum kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u015eunu unutmamak gerekir ki, orucun g\u00e2yesi, v\u00fccuda i\u015fkence etmek ve zahmet \u00e7ektirmek de\u011fildir. Onun i\u00e7in orucun emredildi\u011fi \u00e2yetlerde, \u201cAllah size kolayl\u0131k diler, zorluk dilemez\u201d<\/b>[6]<\/a> buyrulmu\u015ftur. Savm-\u0131 vis\u00e2l[7]<\/a> gibi insanlara me\u015fakkat verecek uygulamalar yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), oru\u00e7 tutarken sahura kalkmaya ve iftarda acele etmeye ehemmiyet vermi\u015f, sahurda bereket oldu\u011funu[8]<\/a> ve oru\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7makta acele ettikleri m\u00fcddet\u00e7e, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n hay\u0131r \u00fczere ya\u015fayacaklar\u0131n\u0131[9]<\/a> bildirmi\u015ftir. Demek ki orucun as\u0131l hedefi, Allah\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 kulluk vazifesini yerine getirmek, nefsi terbiye ederek takvaya ula\u015ft\u0131rmak, ferdi ve toplumu geli\u015ftirmek s\u00fbretiyle Allah\u2019\u0131n r\u00e2z\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131 huzurlu bir ortam meydana getirmektir.<\/p>\n [1]<\/a> Beyhak\u00ee, \u015euab, <\/i>III, 314-315; Heysem\u00ee, III, 140.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [2]<\/a> Ahmed, II, 230, 385.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [3]<\/a> Kadr 97\/3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [4]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Keff\u00e2r\u00e2tu\u2019l-Eym\u00e2n, 5.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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