1. \u0130sl\u00e2m \u0130lme Te\u015fvik Eder<\/b><\/p>\n
\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n bug\u00fcne kadar \u201cilim\u201d ile bir ihtilaf\u0131 veya \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m, ilmi engellemek bir tarafa bil\u00e2kis ona en kuvvetli bir \u015fekilde te\u015fvik etmi\u015f ve ilim \u00f6\u011frenmeyi b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara farz k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan, ilm\u00ee ke\u015fifler hi\u00e7bir zaman \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini yalanlamam\u0131\u015f, bil\u00e2kis devaml\u0131 onlar\u0131 tasdik edegelmi\u015ftir. Ni\u00e7in yalanlas\u0131n ki? \u0130lim, Allah\u2019\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 varl\u0131klar \u00fczerinde ara\u015ft\u0131rma yaparak Allah\u2019\u0131n onlara koydu\u011fu k\u00e2ideleri ke\u015ffetmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m da Allah taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f ve aynen g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi gibi asl\u00ee h\u00e2liyle muhafaza edilmi\u015f il\u00e2h\u00ee bir dindir. O h\u00e2lde ilim ile \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lm\u00ee ke\u015fifler yap\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a ve ilim ilerledik\u00e7e Allah\u2019\u0131n azameti, kudreti, hikmetinin nihayetsizli\u011fi daha fazla \u00f6\u011frenilerek insanlar\u0131n Allah\u2019a olan \u00eemanlar\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r. Bu sebeple ilim \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hakk\u2019\u0131n, ilim sahibi oldu\u011funu ve gizli a\u00e7\u0131k her \u015feyi bildi\u011fini ifade eden pek \u00e7ok esm\u00e2-y\u0131 h\u00fcsn\u00e2s\u0131 mevcuttur. O h\u00e2lde kul da Allah\u2019\u0131n ilim s\u0131fat\u0131ndan nasib alma gayreti i\u00e7inde olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ilim en b\u00fcy\u00fck hazine ve en m\u00fchim kuvvettir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131 ilme te\u015fvik eden pek \u00e7ok \u00e2yet-i ker\u00eeme ve had\u00ees-i \u015fer\u00eef mevcuttur. Bunlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 arzedelim:<\/p>\n
Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019e ilk hitab\u0131 \u201cOku!\u201d<\/b> emridir. Bu emrin hemen ard\u0131ndan m\u00fc\u2019minlerin dikkati insan\u0131n yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/b>na \u00e7ekilerek bu y\u00f6ndeki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar te\u015fvik edilmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra \u201cOku!\u201d emri tekrar edilerek kalem<\/b>le \u00f6\u011freten ve insana bilmedi\u011fi \u015feyleri t\u00e2lim eden Rabbimizin \u00e7ok kerem sahibi oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015f ve okuyup ara\u015ft\u0131ran kullar\u0131na pek \u00e7ok ikramlarda bulunaca\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir. (Al\u00e2k, 1-5)<\/p>\n
Ard\u0131ndan inen \u00e2yetlerde kalem<\/b>e ve yazd\u0131klar\u0131<\/b>na, kitab<\/b>a yemin edilmi\u015f, kitap<\/b> kelimesi pek \u00e7ok defa \u0131srarla tekrarlanm\u0131\u015f, ilimden, \u00e2limlerden, akletmekten, tefekk\u00fcr ve tedebb\u00fcrden \u00f6vg\u00fcyle bahsedilmi\u015ftir.[1]<\/a> Bu y\u00fczden okuma, yazma, e\u011fitim, \u00f6\u011fretim, ara\u015ft\u0131rma, tefekk\u00fcr, ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctme gibi hususlar bu dinin temel karakteri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n \u201cAllah, kendisinden ba\u015fka il\u00e2h olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u015fahitlik etmi\u015ftir. Melekler ve ilim sahibleri de ad\u00e2letli davranarak \u015fahitlik etmi\u015flerdir ki; O, mutlak g\u00e2lip, yeg\u00e2ne h\u00fck\u00fcm ve hikmet sahibi olan Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fka il\u00e2h yotur.\u201d<\/b> (\u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n, 18)<\/b><\/p>\n Bu \u00e2yet-i kerimede hak\u00eek\u00ee \u00e2limler Allah ve melekleriyle birlikte zikredilmi\u015flerdir ki bundan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015feref olamaz.<\/p>\n \u201cDe ki: Ey Rabbim! \u0130lmimi art\u0131r.\u201d <\/b>(T\u00e2h\u00e2, 114)<\/p>\n \u201c\u2026E\u011fer bilmiyorsan\u0131z bilenlere sorunuz!\u201d <\/b>(Enbiy\u00e2, 7)<\/b><\/p>\n \u201c\u0130\u015fte biz, bu temsilleri insanlar i\u00e7in getiriyoruz; fakat onlar\u0131 ancak \u00e2limler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp anlayabilir.\u201d <\/b>(Ankeb\u00fbt, 43)<\/b><\/p>\n \u201cAllah, i\u00e7inizden iman edenlerin ve kendilerine ilim verilenlerin derecelerini y\u00fckseltir.\u201d <\/b>(M\u00fcc\u00e2dele, 11)<\/p>\n Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019de, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00f6rnek almas\u0131 i\u00e7in Hz. Z\u00fclkarneyn<\/b>\u2019in demir k\u00fctleleri eritip \u00fczerine erimi\u015f bak\u0131r d\u00f6kerek sa\u011flam bir set in\u015f\u00e2 etti\u011fi,[2]<\/a> Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hakk\u2019\u0131n demiri Hz. Davud<\/b>\u2019a yumu\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131, onun da geni\u015f ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc z\u0131rhlar \u00eem\u00e2l etti\u011fi, Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hakk\u2019\u0131n Hz. S\u00fcleyman <\/b>u i\u00e7in erimi\u015f bak\u0131r\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131ndan sel gibi ak\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131, onun da m\u00e2bedler, b\u00fcy\u00fck havuzlara benzer \u00e7anaklar ve ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanlar yapt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131[3]<\/a>, Hz. D\u00e2vud <\/b>ve Hz. S\u00fcleyman<\/b>\u2019\u0131n hayvanlar\u0131n dilini anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve onlardan ordular kurdu\u011fu, Kitap\u2019tan bir ilme sahip olan \u00e2lim<\/b> bir z\u00e2t\u0131n g\u00f6z a\u00e7acak kadar bir zaman bile ge\u00e7meden Belk\u0131s\u2019\u0131n taht\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok uzak mes\u00e2felerden getirdi\u011fi[4]<\/a>\u2026 anlat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak, peygamberleri her hususta insanlara rehber ve \u00f6nder olarak g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Her birine farkl\u0131 mucizeler verip onlar\u0131 sadece \u00e2hiret i\u015flerinde de\u011fil, d\u00fcnyev\u00ee ke\u015fiflerde de birer \u00fcstad k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc madd\u00ee ve manev\u00ee terakk\u00eenin, fen ve sanat alan\u0131ndaki ilerlemenin p\u00eerleri peygamberlerdir. Nitekim yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gemiyle uzun m\u00fcddet su \u00fcst\u00fcnde kalan ve gemi sanayiini kuran Hz. Nuh <\/b>u, ate\u015fe at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda oray\u0131 g\u00fclist\u00e2na \u00e7eviren ve yanmayan elbiselerin \u00eemal edilebilece\u011fini g\u00f6steren Hz. \u0130brahim <\/b>u, Hz. Y\u00fbsuf\u2019un kokusunu \u00e7ok uzaklardan alarak koku nakline i\u015faret eden Y\u00e2k\u00fbb <\/b>u, as\u00e2s\u0131yla vurdu\u011fu ta\u015flardan su f\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtan ve sondaj makineleriyle ayn\u0131 \u015feyi yapabilece\u011fimizi g\u00f6steren Hz. Musa <\/b>u, r\u00fczg\u00e2ra binerek havada iki ayl\u0131k yolu bir g\u00fcnde alan Hz. S\u00fcleyman <\/b>u, ted\u00e2v\u00ee etti\u011fi hastalar\u0131 muvakkaten \u00f6l\u00fcmden kurtaran Hz. \u0130sa <\/b>u, bir gecede yedi kat sem\u00e2y\u0131 a\u015farak m\u00eer\u00e2ca \u00e7\u0131kan ve kalbi a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p i\u00e7i ilim, \u00eem\u00e2n ve hikmetle doldurulan Hz. Muhammed <\/b>r Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019da m\u00fc\u2019minlere defalarca anlat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah r, okuma ve yazman\u0131n yayg\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir cemiyet i\u00e7inde zuh\u00fbr etmi\u015f \u00fcmm\u00ee bir peygamberdi. Daha \u00f6nce ne bir kitap okumu\u015f ne de herhangi bir yaz\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.[5]<\/a> Bunun hikmeti, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n kendisinden de\u011fil de Allah taraf\u0131ndan indirildi\u011fini insanlara g\u00f6stermektir. Fakat n\u00fcb\u00fcvvet vazifesi verilip okumay\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131, yazmay\u0131 te\u015fvik eden, ilmi ve \u00e2limleri medheden \u00e2yet-i kerimeler n\u00e2zil olunca \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00fcmmeti i\u00e7inde son derece h\u0131zl\u0131 bir okuma yazma seferberli\u011fi ba\u015flad\u0131. Ras\u00fblullah r \u00fcmmetini ilme te\u015fvik ederek \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu:<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130lim \u00f6\u011frenmek her m\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n \u00fczerine farzd\u0131r.\u201d<\/i> <\/i>(\u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Mukaddime, 17)<\/i><\/p>\n \u201cBir kimse, ilim elde etmek arzusuyla bir yola girerse, Allah o ki\u015fiyi cennetin yollar\u0131ndan birine sevkeder. Melekler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ho\u015fnut olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in ilim \u00f6\u011frenmek isteyen kimsenin \u00fczerine kanatlar\u0131n\u0131 gererler. G\u00f6klerde ve yerde bulunan her \u015fey, hatta suyun alt\u0131ndaki bal\u0131klar bile \u00e2lim i\u00e7in Allah\u2019a isti\u011ffar ederler. \u00c2limin \u00e2bide \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, dolunay\u0131n di\u011fer y\u0131ld\u0131zlara olan \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibidir. \u00c2limler, peygamberlerin v\u00e2risleridir. Peygamberler, m\u00eeras olarak alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f b\u0131rakmazlar; onlar ilmi miras b\u0131rak\u0131rlar. Kim bu m\u00eer\u00e2s\u0131 al\u0131rsa, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir nasip alm\u0131\u015f olur.\u201d<\/i> (Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, \u0130lim, 1\/3641; Tirmiz\u00ee, \u0130lim, 19\/2682)<\/p>\n \u201cSadakan\u0131n en efdali, bir m\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n ilim \u00f6\u011frenip sonra da onu m\u00fcsl\u00fcman karde\u015fine \u00f6\u011fretmesidir.\u201d<\/i> (\u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Mukaddime, 20)<\/p>\n \u201c\u2026\u0130lim ve hikmet ehli ile birlikte olup al\u00e7ak karakterli ve g\u00fcnahk\u00e2r tabiatl\u0131 kimselerden uzak duranlara ne mutlu!<\/i>\u201d<\/i> (Eb\u00fb Nuaym, Hilye,<\/i> III, 202-203)<\/p>\n \u00a0\u201cM\u00fc\u2019min, sonunda varaca\u011f\u0131 yer cennet oluncaya kadar, i\u015fitti\u011fi hi\u00e7bir hayra (ilme) asla doymaz.\u201d<\/i> <\/i>(Tirmiz\u00ee, \u0130lim, 19\/2686)<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah r okuma yazma bilen sah\u00e2b\u00eeleri Medine\u2019de m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara yaz\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmeleri i\u00e7in vazifelendirmi\u015ftir. Abdullah bin Sa\u00eed, Ub\u00e2de bin S\u00e2mit, Hafsa bint-i \u00d6mer, \u015eif\u00e2 bint-i Abdullah yaz\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmek \u00fczere vazifelendirilen sahabilerdendi. (\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a Giri\u015f <\/i>-Gen\u00e7li\u011fin \u0130sl\u00e2m Bilgisi-, s. 109)<\/p>\n B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2limlerinden Fudayl bin Iy\u00e2z<\/b> \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n \u201c\u00c2lim, \u00e2mil (ilmiyle amel eden) ve muallim olan ki\u015fi, sem\u00e2v\u00e2t\u0131n melek\u00fbtunda \u00abB\u00fcy\u00fck\u00bb<\/b> diye an\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d (Tirmiz\u00ee, \u0130lim, 19\/2685)<\/p>\n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re okunmas\u0131 gereken \u00fc\u00e7 kitap vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n a) Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem. Bu kitaptan do\u011fan ilimler: Ak\u00e2id, F\u0131k\u0131h, Tefsir, Hadis, K\u0131raat, Tecvid vs.<\/p>\n b) K\u00e2inat. Bu kitaptan do\u011fan ilimler: Fizik, Kimya, Biyoloji, Matematik, Astronomi, Botanik, Co\u011frafya, M\u00fchendislik bilimleri vs.<\/p>\n c) \u0130nsan. Bu kitaptan do\u011fan ilimler: T\u0131p, Psikoloji, Sosyoloji, Tarih, Antropoloji vs.<\/p>\n Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da din ilmi, din d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ilim diye bir ayr\u0131m s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem insan\u0131 ve t\u00fcm k\u00e2inat\u0131 incelemeyi emreder. T\u00fcm ilimler, \u00e2yetleri anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak s\u00fbretiyle Allah\u2019a y\u00f6nelmeyi ifade eder. Bu sebeple Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131, insan\u0131 ve k\u00e2inat\u0131 anlamaya y\u00f6nelik ilimler bir arada y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmelidir.<\/p>\n \u015eunu da ifade eldim ki din ve ilim, insan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve ondan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r. \u0130nsan bunlar\u0131 icat edemez, sadece ke\u015ff veya idr\u00e2k eder.<\/p>\n
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