\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n \u0131slah edip d\u00fczeltti\u011fi m\u00fcesseselerden birisi de \u201cmiras\u201d hukukudur. \u00c7in, Japon ve Roma hukuklar\u0131 ile c\u00e2hiliye d\u00f6nemi Araplar\u0131, kad\u0131n\u0131 mirastan tamamen mahrum b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. K\u0131z\u0131n, babas\u0131n\u0131n mal\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir hakk\u0131 yoktu. Miras do\u011frudan do\u011fruya erkek evlada kal\u0131rd\u0131. Yah\u00fbdilikte de kad\u0131n kocas\u0131na ve erkek karde\u015fi varsa babas\u0131na miras\u00e7\u0131 olamazd\u0131. (Say\u0131\u00adlar, 27:8-11)<\/p>\n
\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da kad\u0131na miras hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve anne, nine, e\u015f, k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu, k\u0131zkarde\u015f olma durumuna g\u00f6re alacaklar\u0131 pay ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 tesbit edilmi\u015ftir.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n \u0130stisnalar\u0131 olmakla birlikte kad\u0131n\u0131n mi\u00adrastaki pay\u0131, ayn\u0131 mevk\u00eedeki erke\u011fin hisse\u00adsinin yar\u0131s\u0131 kadard\u0131r. \u0130lk bak\u0131\u015fta kad\u0131n\u0131n aleyhine gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn, \u0130sl\u00e2m hukukunun erke\u011fe y\u00fckledi\u011fi mal\u00ee y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck ve kocan\u0131n \u00e2ile i\u00e7indeki mesuliyetiyle birlikte de\u011fer\u00adlendirildi\u011finde ne kadar yerinde oldu\u011fu derhal anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c2ilenin ge\u00e7iminin tamam\u0131yla kocaya ait oldu\u011fu, evlen\u00adme s\u0131ras\u0131nda kocan\u0131n mehir ad\u0131yla kad\u0131\u00adna bir \u00f6demede bulundu\u011fu, ceza huku\u00adkunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u201c\u00e2kile\u201d gibi sosyal yar\u00add\u0131mla\u015fma uygulamalar\u0131na sadece erkek\u00adlerin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iki cinse d\u00fc\u015fen net pay\u0131n bir anlamda e\u015fitlendi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.[2]<\/a> Zira erkek devaml\u0131 s\u00fbrette harcarken, kad\u0131n\u0131n mal\u0131 devaml\u0131 artar.<\/p>\n Diyelim ki anne baba \u00f6l\u00fcyor ve geride bir k\u0131zla bir erkek evlat b\u0131rak\u0131yor. K\u0131z, erkek karde\u015finin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131na sahip olacakt\u0131r. Fakat o kendine d\u00fc\u015fen pay \u00fczerinde istedi\u011fi tasarrufta bulunabilir. O, hi\u00e7bir \u015feyle m\u00fckellef de\u011fildir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k erkek karde\u015fi, ihtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011funda ona nafaka \u00f6demeye mecburdur. Ayn\u0131 zamanda erkek, muhta\u00e7 durumdaki di\u011fer \u00e2ile fertlerine de yard\u0131m etmekle vaz\u00eefelidir. \u00d6yleyse, onun k\u0131zkarde\u015finin iki kat\u0131 hisse almas\u0131 hi\u00e7 de haks\u0131zl\u0131k de\u011fildir.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m huk\u00fbkunda evlilik, her zaman kar\u0131 ve kocan\u0131n mallar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131 olmas\u0131 esas\u0131na g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131r. E\u011fer koca ifl\u00e2s ederse, kad\u0131n buna kat\u0131lmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc de\u011fildir, onun mal\u0131na kimse dokunamaz. Kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, miras veya hediyeler al\u0131rsa, eline ge\u00e7en bu imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 istedi\u011fi gibi de\u011ferlendirir. Bir bak\u0131ma kad\u0131n, erkekten daha ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a g\u00f6re, k\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p kazanma mecb\u00fbriyeti yoktur. Bu, ona g\u00f6sterilen bir \u015fefkat ve merhametin neticesidir. K\u0131z, baba evinde bulundu\u011fu m\u00fcddet\u00e7e ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 babas\u0131 ve onun yerindeki yak\u0131n erkek akrabalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r. Evlendikten sonra da ge\u00e7imi, nafakas\u0131 ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 kocas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine ge\u00e7er. Kad\u0131n, kendi mal\u0131n\u0131, evin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in harcamaya zorlanamaz. Kad\u0131n\u0131n yeme, i\u00e7me, giyim ku\u015fam ve benzeri b\u00fct\u00fcn ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek kocas\u0131n\u0131n vazifesidir. Hatta erkek, evine bakmaktan vazge\u00e7er yahut cimri davranarak servetine g\u00f6re bir harcamada bulunmazsa, kad\u0131n\u0131n kocas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yet etme hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ancak \u015funu da unutmayal\u0131m ki, erke\u011fe iki, kad\u0131na bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc, sadece emek sarf etmeden ele ge\u00e7en miras hus\u00fbsunda ge\u00e7erlidir. Emek sarf edilip kazan\u0131lan mala gelince; kad\u0131n ve erkek ticaret, tar\u0131m, sanayi ve benzeri hangi i\u015f kolunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fs\u0131n, e\u015fit \u00fccret al\u0131rlar. Ayn\u0131 \u015firkete ortak olan kad\u0131n-erkek, hisselerine g\u00f6re e\u015fit miktarda k\u00e2r pay\u0131n\u0131 hak ederler. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn kapitalist toplumu ise kad\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan istifade ederek maalesef onu ucuz i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak g\u00f6rmektedir.<\/p>\n Mevz\u00fbya erke\u011fin ve kad\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7tim\u00e2\u00ee yap\u0131s\u0131, \u00e2iledeki mesuliyeti, m\u00fckellefiyetleri ve psikolojik fakt\u00f6rleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n bu emrindeki hikmetler daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bir defas\u0131nda \u00dcmm\u00fc Seleme v\u00e2lidemiz:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Erkekler Allah yolunda gaz\u00e2ya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p b\u00fcy\u00fck ecirler al\u0131yorlar, kad\u0131nlar ise sava\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kam\u0131yor. Ayr\u0131ca bize erke\u011fin yar\u0131s\u0131 kadar miras veriliyor\u201d demi\u015fti. Bunun \u00fczerine Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak \u015fu \u00e2yet-i kerimeyi inz\u00e2l buyurdu:<\/p>\n \u201cAllah\u2019\u0131n, kiminizi kiminize \u00fcst\u00fcn k\u0131lmaya vesile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feyleri <\/b>(haset ederek) arzu edip durmay\u0131n! Erkeklere \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan bir nasip vard\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlara da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan bir nasip vard\u0131r. Allah\u2019tan O\u2019nun l\u00fctfunu isteyin! \u015e\u00fcphesiz Allah her \u015feyi bilmektedir. \u201d<\/b> (Nis\u00e2, 32) (Tirmiz\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer, 4\/3022; Ahmed, VI, 322)<\/p>\n