Terbiye; yeti\u015ftirme, kabiliyetlerini geli\u015ftirme; bilgi, ta\u2019zim ve edep \u00f6\u011fretme; iyi ahl\u00e2k, nez\u00e2ket, g\u00f6rg\u00fc, hafif ceza verme, al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, talim, e\u011fitim ilmi gibi m\u00e2nalara gelmektedir. Bu i\u015flerle me\u015fgul olan kimselere de m\u00fcrebb\u00ee denir.<\/p>\n
Terbiye ile ayn\u0131 k\u00f6kten gelen ve Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019da y\u00fcze yak\u0131n yerde ge\u00e7en \u201cRabb\u201d kelimesi, Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcce s\u0131fatlar\u0131ndan biri olup m\u00fcrebbi, sahip, m\u00e2lik ve id\u00e2reci gibi m\u00e2nalar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem, bu s\u0131fat-\u0131 cel\u00eeleyi ihtiva eden:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u00c2lemlerin Rabb\u0131 Allah\u2019a hamd olsun\u201d<\/b> (el-F\u00e2tiha 1\/1) \u00e2yet-i ker\u00eemesi ile ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Terbiye, herhangi bir \u015feyi tedricen kem\u00e2le erdirmektir. K\u00e2inatta mevcut her bir varl\u0131k kendine has terbiye k\u00e2ideleri sayesinde derece derece kem\u00e2le erer. Bu kaideleri koyan ise hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak\u2019t\u0131r. \u0130nsan\u0131n yarat\u0131l\u0131p kemale erdirilmesi s\u00fcreci, Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n tedr\u00eec\u00ee terbiyesine en g\u00fczel misaldir. Elmal\u0131l\u0131 Muhammed Hamdi Yaz\u0131r bu s\u00fcrecini \u015f\u00f6yle tasvir eder:<\/p>\n
Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn bir kenar\u0131nda bir adac\u0131k ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor, s\u00fcz\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f topraklar ta\u015fla\u015f\u0131yor, ta\u015flar eriyor, madenler filiz veriyor. Kayalar\u0131n, topraklar\u0131n aras\u0131nda tohumcuklar ve bunlardan \u00e7e\u015fitli otlar, a\u011fa\u00e7lar, t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcrl\u00fc hayvanlar \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131yor. Bir damla meniden milyonlarca insan tohumu f\u0131\u015fk\u0131r\u0131yor, tasfiye ve a\u015f\u0131lama ile yava\u015f yava\u015f canlanma safhalar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7irerek embriyon; ondan canl\u0131, kemikli cenin; ceninden a\u011flayarak do\u011fan bebek; k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuk; yine a\u015famal\u0131 olarak yuvarlanan, y\u00fcr\u00fcyen, kekeleyen yavrucak; sonra ko\u015fup oynayan afacan \u00e7ocuk; sonra di\u015flerini de\u011fi\u015ftirip \u015fahlanmaya ba\u015flayan b\u00fclu\u011f \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na ermi\u015f, iyiyi k\u00f6t\u00fcden ay\u0131ran, \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131p meyvesini vermeye \u00f6zenen ak\u0131ll\u0131 ergin; sonra \u015fahin gibi d\u00fcnyalar\u0131 tutan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan bir delikanl\u0131; sonra arslan gibi kuvvette kemal \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na ermi\u015f k\u00e2mil bir insan; sonra fizik\u00ee yap\u0131s\u0131 m\u00e2nev\u00eeyat\u0131nda erimeye, akl\u0131 ve temyiz kabiliyeti s\u00fcz\u00fclmeye, zay\u0131flamaya ba\u015flayan bir ya\u015fl\u0131; nih\u00e2yet sadece iyi veya k\u00f6t\u00fc bir ruh olup u\u00e7maya veya g\u00f6\u00e7meye haz\u0131rlanan pek ihtiyar zay\u0131f bir insan; h\u00e2s\u0131l\u0131 yer ve zaman i\u00e7inde nefesten nefese say\u0131lamayacak kadar \u015fuur y\u00fckleri ile y\u00fcr\u00fcyen ve her an \u015fekilden \u015fekle de\u011fi\u015ferek varaca\u011f\u0131 yere ula\u015fan ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bu de\u011fi\u015fmelerde hi\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015f gibi \u201cben ben\u201d deyip giden insanlar… (Elmal\u0131l\u0131, I, 65)<\/p>\n
Madd\u00ee varl\u0131klarda zorunlu olarak cereyan eden bu terbiye hakikati, insan\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu her t\u00fcrl\u00fc istidat ve kabiliyetleri geli\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Bu sebeple \u0130sl\u00e2m dini, insan terbiyesine son derece \u00f6nem vermi\u015ftir. Kur\u2019\u00e2n ve S\u00fcnnet \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri i\u00e7inde terbiye edilen, ona g\u00f6re davranan insan, meleklerden daha \u00fcst\u00fcn bir makama y\u00fckselme imk\u00e2n\u0131 elde edebilir. \u0130sl\u00e2m terbiyesinden mahrum olan, nefsine, \u015fehev\u00ee arzular\u0131na ve madd\u00ee menfaat\u0131na g\u00f6re hareket eden kimse de, hayvanlardan daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 bir derekeye d\u00fc\u015fme tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. Onun i\u00e7in Fahr-i K\u00e2in\u00e2t -sallall\u00e2hu aleyhi ve sellem- Efendimiz\u2019e kadar, b\u00fct\u00fcn peygamberlerin esas gayesi, insanlar\u0131 Allah\u2019\u0131n istedi\u011fi istikamette terbiye etmektir. Din olmadan insan hayat\u0131 bir m\u00e2na ifade etmedi\u011fi gibi, her seviyeden insan\u0131n da bir din muallimi ve terbiyecisine ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bunlar ise ilk olarak peygamberler ve onlar\u0131 takip eden kimselerdir.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde terbiye yerine \u201ce\u011fitim\u201d kavram\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Modern bilimde e\u011fitim, insan\u0131 belli hedefler istik\u00e2metinde safhalardan ge\u00e7irerek yeti\u015ftirme, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te elde etti\u011fi bilgi, beceri ve de\u011ferleri kulland\u0131rmak suretiyle \u015fahsiyetini kem\u00e2le erdirme faaliyeti olarak tarif edilmektedir. Bu, rastgele yap\u0131lan bir faaliyet de\u011fil, belli k\u00e2ideler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen, nesilleri ictim\u00e2\u00ee hayata haz\u0131rlayan ve onlara l\u00e2z\u0131m gelen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc donan\u0131m\u0131 vermeyi hedefleyen niz\u00e2m\u00ee bir faaliyettir.<\/p>\n
Bir kimse ancak, hakik\u00ee ve pl\u00e2nl\u0131 bir e\u011fitim s\u00fczgecinden ge\u00e7tikten sonra ger\u00e7ek insan h\u00fcviyetini kazanabilir. Zira onun b\u00fct\u00fcn k\u0131ymeti, g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc terbiye ve bu yolla elde etti\u011fi g\u00fczelliklerden ibarettir. Ki\u015finin, kabiliyetlerini umumiyetle kendi kendine terakki ettirebilmesi zordur; bu y\u00fczden pl\u00e2nl\u0131 bir e\u011fitime ihtiya\u00e7 duyar.<\/p>\n
Mevzuyla ilgili di\u011fer bir kavram olan \u201ctezkiye\u201d ise l\u00fcgatte, temizlemek, ar\u0131tmak, ar\u0131nd\u0131rmak ve temize \u00e7\u0131karman\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra, art\u0131rmak, geli\u015ftirmek, bereketlendirmek ve feyizlendirmek m\u00e2nalar\u0131na da gelir. H\u00e2s\u0131l\u0131 tezkiye, insan\u0131n zihin, kalp ve ruh e\u011fitiminin b\u00fct\u00fcn seyrini if\u00e2de etmektedir. Bu mukaddimeden sonra Efendimiz\u2019in insan\u0131 hangi alanlarda tezkiye etti\u011fini tetk\u00eeke ge\u00e7ebiliriz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Terbiye; yeti\u015ftirme, kabiliyetlerini geli\u015ftirme; bilgi, ta\u2019zim ve edep \u00f6\u011fretme; iyi ahl\u00e2k, nez\u00e2ket, g\u00f6rg\u00fc, hafif ceza verme, al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, talim, e\u011fitim ilmi gibi m\u00e2nalara gelmektedir. Bu i\u015flerle me\u015fgul olan kimselere de m\u00fcrebb\u00ee… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[279],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4083","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-usveihasene2"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3G27m-13R","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4083","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4083"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4083\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7436,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4083\/revisions\/7436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4083"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4083"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4083"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}