Seyyid\u00fc\u2019l-ahk\u00e2md\u0131r sulh \u00fc sal\u00e2h<\/b><\/p>\n
Dil\u00e2ver A\u011fa Z\u00e2de<\/p>\n
Res\u00fblull\u00e2h -sallall\u00e2hu aleyhi ve sellem-, Mekke d\u00f6neminde sab\u0131r ve tahamm\u00fcl g\u00f6stermi\u015f, Medine\u2019nin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda cih\u00e2d ve gazveler yapm\u0131\u015f, hicretin alt\u0131nc\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hudeybiye Mus\u00e2lahas\u0131 ile sulh ve bar\u0131\u015f imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131 elde etmi\u015fti. Tahakkuk eden bu sulh ortam\u0131, \u0130sl\u00e2m tebli\u011finin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Zira Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 bunu \u201cFeth-i M\u00fcb\u00een\u201d olarak tavsif etmektedir. (el-Feth 48\/1) Hudeybiye\u2019de Mekkeliler K\u00e2be\u2019yi tav\u00e2f etmelerine izin vermeyince, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar k\u0131zm\u0131\u015f, sava\u015fmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015flerdi. Ancak Allah Res\u00fbl\u00fc, onlara sabredip gelecek y\u0131l\u0131 beklemelerini s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. Hudeybiye\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir fetih oldu\u011funu bildirdi\u011finde ash\u00e2b aras\u0131nda bulunanlardan birisi:<\/p>\n
\u2013 Beytull\u00e2h\u2019\u0131 tav\u00e2ftan al\u0131konduk, kurbanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n Harem\u2019de kesilmesine engel olundu. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olarak bize gelip s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan iki ki\u015fiyi de Res\u00fblull\u00e2h geri verdi. Bu nas\u0131l fetihtir, diyerek s\u00f6ylendi.<\/p>\n
Onun bu s\u00f6zleri Efendimiz\u2019e ula\u015f\u0131nca Res\u00fbl-i Ekrem, bu mus\u00e2lahan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck fetih oldu\u011funu, sulh ortam\u0131nda \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n s\u00fch\u00fbletle tebli\u011f edilip yay\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00eez\u00e2h ederek \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2013 Evet! Bu mus\u00e2laha en b\u00fcy\u00fck fetihtir. M\u00fc\u015frikler sizin kendi beldelerine gidip gelmenize r\u00e2z\u0131 olmu\u015f ve sizden sulh istemi\u015flerdir. Emin bir \u015fekilde size gelecek ve \u015fimdiye kadar istemedikleri, ho\u015flanmad\u0131klar\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 sizden g\u00f6r\u00fcp \u00f6\u011freneceklerdir. Allah sizi onlara muzaffer k\u0131lacak, s\u00e2limen ve g\u00e2nimen (kazan\u00e7l\u0131 olarak) sizi geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcrecektir. Bu ise fetihlerin en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u201d <\/i>(Haleb\u00ee, II, 715)<\/p>\n
Eb\u00fb Bekir -rad\u0131yall\u00e2hu anh- da Hudeybiye sulhu hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle bir de\u011ferlendirme yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da, Hudeybiye fethinden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir fetih olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat halk, k\u0131sa ve dar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc olduklar\u0131ndan bu anla\u015fmaya itiraz etmi\u015flerdir. \u0130nsanlar, Allah ile Peygamberi aras\u0131ndaki i\u015flerde acelecidirler. Y\u00fcce Allah ise onlar gibi acele etmez, diledi\u011fi i\u015fi k\u0131vam\u0131na gelip olgunla\u015fmad\u0131k\u00e7a yapmaz.\u201d (V\u00e2k\u0131d\u00ee, II, 610; Haleb\u00ee, II, 721)<\/p>\n
Sulh her zaman i\u00e7in hay\u0131rl\u0131 ve bereketlidir. Nitekim Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2:<\/p>\n
\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064f\u0644\u0652\u062d\u064f \u062e\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064c<\/p>\n
\u201cSulh<\/b> ise<\/b> daha hay\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/b> (en-Nis\u00e2 4\/128) buyurmu\u015ftur. Hudeybiye mus\u00e2lahas\u0131 ile birlikte gelen bar\u0131\u015f ortam\u0131 da aynen \u00e2yet-i ker\u00eemede if\u00e2de edildi\u011fi gibi \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n inti\u015f\u00e2r\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck hay\u0131rlar getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle bu vesileyle o g\u00fcne kadar \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 az\u0131nl\u0131k olarak g\u00f6ren, onlar\u0131 tarih sayfas\u0131ndan silmek i\u00e7in elinden geleni ard\u0131na koymayan ve bu hususta di\u011fer Arap kabilelerini de arkas\u0131na alan Kurey\u015f, resmen \u0130sl\u00e2m devletini kabul etmek mecburiyetinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu bar\u0131\u015f d\u00f6neminde \u0130sl\u00e2m tebli\u011fine yeni imk\u00e2nlar ve yay\u0131lma sahalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00e2yede M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar m\u00fc\u015friklerle biraraya gelmeye, onlara Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem dinletmeye ve \u0130sl\u00e2m hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131ktan a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa konu\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 gizleyenler de art\u0131k inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 korkusuzca ilan edebiliyorlard\u0131. (\u0130bn-i Kayy\u0131m, III, 309-310)<\/p>\n
H\u00e2lbuki bundan \u00f6nce, iki taraf birbiriyle rahatl\u0131kla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015femiyordu. Bar\u0131\u015ftan sonra m\u00fc\u015frikler Medine\u2019ye serbest\u00e7e geliyorlar, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar da Mekke\u2019ye serbest\u00e7e gidiyorlard\u0131. Oradaki \u00e2ileleri, dostlar\u0131 ve di\u011fer insanlarla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp konu\u015fma imk\u00e2n\u0131 buluyorlard\u0131. Art\u0131k, Allah Res\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn h\u00e2l ve hareketleri, mucizeleri, ahl\u00e2k\u0131 ve yolunun g\u00fczelli\u011fi hakk\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n verdikleri bilgiler ve \u00f6\u011f\u00fctler dinlenir olmu\u015f, m\u00fc\u015friklerin kalbleri yumu\u015fay\u0131p \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a meyletmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Z\u00e2ten \u00e7\u00f6llerde oturan Araplar da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmak i\u00e7in Kurey\u015f m\u00fc\u015friklerinin \u00eem\u00e2n etmelerini bekliyorlard\u0131. (Kastall\u00e2n\u00ee, I, 168)<\/p>\n
Bu m\u00fcddet i\u00e7inde \u0130sl\u00e2m, Arabistan\u2019\u0131n her k\u00f6\u015fesine yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u015firk saf\u0131nda en ileri gidenlerden Amr bin \u00c2s, H\u00e2lid bin Vel\u00eed ve benzerleri M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015flard\u0131. (V\u00e2k\u0131d\u00ee, II, 624)<\/p>\n
\u0130sl\u00e2m temsilcileri emniyet i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelere gitmi\u015fler, her ves\u00eele ile insanlara \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131 anlatma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulmu\u015flard\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 kat kat artt\u0131. \u0130mam Z\u00fchr\u00ee<\/b>, Hudeybiye Mus\u00e2lahas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sonucunu, Allah Res\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn bu konudaki hadislerinden yararlanarak \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klar:<\/p>\n
\u201cDaha \u00f6nceleri M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla m\u00fc\u015frikler, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 her yerde sava\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Hudeybiye bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 olunca harp ve \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130ki taraf aras\u0131nda g\u00fcven ortam\u0131 te\u015fekk\u00fcl etti. Birbirleriyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp kayna\u015fma imk\u00e2n\u0131 buldular. Hatta muhtelif konularda yard\u0131mla\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Bu s\u0131rada\u00a0 kime \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019dan s\u00f6z a\u00e7\u0131lsa, biraz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckten sonra hakikati kavr\u0131yor ve hemen M\u00fcsl\u00fcman oluyordu. Mus\u00e2lahadan sonra iki y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a girenler, bundan \u00f6nceki on dokuz sene i\u00e7inde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f hatta daha fazla olmu\u015ftu.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u0130bn-i Hi\u015f\u00e2m<\/b>, buna \u015fu s\u00f6zleri ekler:<\/p>\n
\u201cC\u00e2bir bin Abdullah\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6yledi\u011fine g\u00f6re; Res\u00fblullah -sallall\u00e2hu aleyhi ve sellem- Hudeybiye\u2019ye 1400 ki\u015fiyle gitmi\u015fti. Bundan iki y\u0131l sonra, Mekke\u2019nin fethinde ise yan\u0131nda 10.000 ki\u015fi, di\u011fer bir riv\u00e2yete g\u00f6re yolda kat\u0131lan 2.000 ki\u015fi ile birlikte 12.000 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman bulunmaktayd\u0131. Bu rakamlar, Z\u00fchr\u00ee\u2019nin tesb\u00eetinin ne kadar is\u00e2betli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.\u201d (Heysemi, VI, 170; \u0130bn-i Hi\u015f\u00e2m, III, 372)[1]<\/a><\/p>\n Mus\u00e2lahadan iki y\u0131l sonra Mekkeliler anla\u015fmay\u0131 bozdular. Buna ra\u011fmen Allah Res\u00fbl\u00fc sulh ortam\u0131n\u0131n dev\u00e2m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck gayretler g\u00f6sterdi. Anla\u015fmay\u0131 bozmalar\u0131 \u00fczerine Mekke\u2019ye y\u00fcr\u00fcmek istedi\u011fi h\u00e2lde, bunun kan d\u00f6k\u00fclmeden halledilmesi i\u00e7in bir \u00e7ok stratejik tedbirler ald\u0131. \u00d6ncelikle, ashab\u0131na sefer i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanmalar\u0131n\u0131 emretti\u011fi halde nereye gidilece\u011fini gizli tutarak niyetinin ne oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klamad\u0131. (\u0130bn-i Sa\u2019d, II, 134)<\/p>\n Hatta en yak\u0131n dostu ve s\u0131rda\u015f\u0131 Eb\u00fb Bekir bile Mekke\u2019ye gidilece\u011fini anlamam\u0131\u015f, k\u0131z\u0131 ve Res\u00fblull\u00e2h\u2019\u0131n zevcesi Hz. \u00c2i\u015fe\u2019ye seferin nereye olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sormu\u015ftu. O da:<\/p>\n \u2013 Bilmiyorum. Belki Ben\u00ee S\u00fcleymlere belki Sak\u00eeflere belki de Hav\u00e2zinlere gitmek istiyor olabilir, dedi. (\u0130bn-i Hi\u015f\u00e2m, IV, 14)<\/p>\n Efendimiz, yine Mekkelilerin herhangi bir sava\u015f haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapmamalar\u0131 ve sulh yoluyla fethin ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in yollar\u0131 tutturmu\u015f, Mekke\u2019ye hi\u00e7bir haber ve casusun gitmesine imk\u00e2n vermemi\u015ftir. Nitekim onun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fu du\u00e2 da bunu g\u00f6stermektedir:<\/p>\n \u201cAllah\u0131m! Yurtlar\u0131na ans\u0131z\u0131n var\u0131p kavu\u015funcaya kadar, Kurey\u015flilerin casus ve habercilerini tut, onlar\u0131 g\u00f6rmez ve i\u015fitmez k\u0131l. Kurey\u015flilerin g\u00f6zlerini ba\u011fla ki beni birdenbire kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131nda bulsunlar.\u201d<\/i> (\u0130bn-i Hi\u015f\u00e2m, IV, 14)<\/p>\n Med\u00eene\u2019den hareket etti\u011finde de yine Kurey\u015flileri \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtmak i\u00e7in aksi istik\u00e2metteki m\u00fcttefik kab\u00eelelere u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, d\u00e2ire bi\u00e7iminde bir yol t\u00e2kip ederek hedefinin ne oldu\u011funa d\u00e2ir belirsizli\u011fi iyice art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mekke yak\u0131nlar\u0131na var\u0131nca her askerin ayr\u0131 bir ate\u015f yakarak say\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fclmesini temin etmesi de bu maksatlad\u0131r. (Ham\u00eedullah, \u0130sl\u00e2m Peygamberi, <\/i>I, 264-265)<\/p>\n Res\u00fblull\u00e2h -sallall\u00e2hu aleyhi ve sellem- \u0130sl\u00e2m ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara bu kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck imk\u00e2nlar sa\u011flayan sulh\u00fc temin etmek i\u00e7in tam on dokuz sene m\u00fcc\u00e2dele etmi\u015fti. Gerekli g\u00fc\u00e7 ve kuvveti elde ettikten sonra, bu g\u00fcc\u00fc insanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcp \u00fclkelerini fethetmek i\u00e7in de\u011fil, onlar\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcllerini Allah\u2019a a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c2lemlere rahmet ve hid\u00e2yet olarak g\u00f6nderilen bir peygamberden de ancak bu beklenirdi. Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n sava\u015f ve bar\u0131\u015f konusundaki bu anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde if\u00e2de etmektedir:<\/p>\n \u0627\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u0627\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0648\u0629\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0648\u064f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0643\u0648\u0629\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0643\u064e\u0631\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0631\u0650<\/p>\n \u201cM\u00fc\u2019minlere yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde bir iktid\u00e2r verdi\u011fimizde, onlar namaz\u0131 dosdo\u011fru k\u0131larlar, zek\u00e2tlar\u0131n\u0131 verirler, iyili\u011fi emrederler ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yasaklarlar. B\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015flerin \u00e2k\u0131beti de s\u00e2dece Allah\u2019a \u00e2ittir.\u201d<\/b> (el-Hacc 22\/41)<\/p>\n Allah Res\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn, g\u00fc\u00e7 elinde olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Mekke\u2019ye sulh ile girmek i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131klar, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedbirler ve\u00a0 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc gayretler, bunun en a\u00e7\u0131k g\u00f6stergesidir. Zira onun en b\u00fcy\u00fck arzusu, hi\u00e7bir fert h\u00e2ri\u00e7te kalmamak \u015fart\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmas\u0131yd\u0131. Mekke\u2019nin fethinden sonra g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn en zirvede oldu\u011fu bir anda um\u00fbm\u00ee af \u00eel\u00e2n etmesi, bunun g\u00fczel ve h\u00e2rikul\u00e2de bir tez\u00e2h\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n