D\u00een\u00ee m\u00fckellefiyetlerin zaman i\u00e7erisinde yava\u015f yava\u015f me\u015fr\u00fb k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131, Allah\u2019\u0131n be\u015feriyete g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi kolayl\u0131k yollar\u0131ndan biridir. Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\u0648\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0622\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f \u0644\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0645\u064f\u0643\u0652\u062b\u064d \u0648\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0647\u064f \u062a\u064e\u0646\u0632\u0650\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/b><\/p>\n
\u201cBiz o Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlara ay\u0131rarak indirdik ki insanlara onu <\/b>(iyice anlayabilmeleri i\u00e7in) \u00a0dura dura okuyas\u0131n.\u201d <\/b>(el-\u0130sr\u00e2 17\/106)<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00c2i\u015fe v\u00e2lidemiz Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019in n\u00fcz\u00fbl\u00fcndeki tedr\u00eecilikten bahsederek \u015f\u00f6yle demektedir:<\/p>\n
\u0130lk n\u00e2zil olan s\u00fbre mufassal s\u00fbrelerden[1]<\/a> biri idi. Bunda cennet ve cehennemden bahsediliyordu. Hel\u00e2l ve har\u00e2ma d\u00e2ir h\u00fck\u00fcmler ise ancak insanlar \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a tam olarak \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra n\u00e2zil olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. E\u011fer ilk def\u00e2:<\/p>\n \u2013 \u0130\u00e7ki i\u00e7meyin! emri inseydi insanlar:<\/p>\n \u2013 Biz i\u00e7kiyi kesinlikle b\u0131rakmay\u0131z! derlerdi. Yine ilk olarak:<\/p>\n \u2013 Zin\u00e2 etmeyin! emri gelseydi insanlar ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde:<\/p>\n \u2013 Zin\u00e2y\u0131 asl\u00e2 b\u0131rakmay\u0131z! derlerdi. Ben Mekke\u2019de oyun oynayan bir \u00e7ocukken Muhammed -aleyhissel\u00e2m-\u2019a:<\/p>\n \u201cHay\u0131r onlara va\u2019dedilen <\/b>(as\u0131l azab) vakti, k\u0131y\u00e2mettir. \u0130\u015fte o an, cidden \u00e7ok deh\u015fetli ve \u00e7ok ac\u0131d\u0131r\u201d <\/b>(el-Kamer 54\/46) (gibi \u00eem\u00e2n ve k\u0131y\u00e2metle al\u00e2kal\u0131) \u00e2yetler n\u00e2zil olmu\u015ftu. (Mu\u00e2mel\u00e2tla al\u00e2kal\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler ihtiv\u00e2 eden) Bakara ve Nis\u00e2 s\u00fbreleri ise ancak ben onun yan\u0131nda iken (Med\u00eene\u2019de) inmi\u015ftir.\u201d (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Fed\u00e2ilu\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n, 6)<\/b><\/p>\n Bilindi\u011fi gibi ilk n\u00e2zil olan \u00e2yetler tevhide d\u00e2vet, m\u00fc\u2019minleri cennetle m\u00fcjdeleme, k\u00e2firlere ve \u00e2s\u00eelere cehennemi haber verme gibi ak\u00eedev\u00ee hus\u00fbslarda idi. \u0130nsanlar bu mevz\u00fblarda ikn\u00e2 olup \u00eem\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131 kuvvetlendirdikten sonra, mu\u00e2mel\u00e2tla al\u00e2kal\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler inmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc insanlar al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in bunlardan vazge\u00e7meleri \u00e7ok kolay de\u011fildir. Tedr\u00eec\u00eeli\u011fe ri\u00e2yet etmeden insanlar\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klardan ar\u0131nd\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, nefrete ve uzakla\u015fmaya sebebiyet verebilir.<\/p>\n Es\u00e2sen, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee us\u00fblde insanlara ilk tebli\u011f edilen \u00eem\u00e2n da kendi i\u00e7inde bir derecelenmeye t\u00e2b\u00ee tutulmu\u015ftur. \u00d6ncelikle \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00eetik\u00e2d\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulmu\u015f, m\u00fc\u015friklerin inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n tenk\u00eedi ise daha sonraki bir d\u00f6nemde v\u00e2k\u00ee olmu\u015ftur. \u0130bn-i Sa\u2019d bu hus\u00fbsa tem\u00e2s ederek \u015f\u00f6yle demektedir:<\/p>\n \u201cAllah Te\u00e2l\u00e2, tapt\u0131klar\u0131 putlar\u0131n b\u00e2t\u0131l oldu\u011funu ve k\u00fcf\u00fcr \u00fczere \u00f6len atalar\u0131n\u0131n cehenneme gittiklerini s\u00f6yleyinceye kadar Kurey\u015fliler, s\u00e2dece alay etmekle yetindiler. Bu devrede Res\u00fblull\u00e2h -sallall\u00e2hu aleyhi ve sellem-\u2019i dinlediler, hatta gen\u00e7lerden ve halk\u0131n zay\u0131f tabakas\u0131ndan bir \u00e7ok insan, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldu ve say\u0131lar\u0131 gittik\u00e7e artt\u0131. Ancak inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n sap\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00e2yetler n\u00e2zil olunca Efendimiz\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 tav\u0131r alarak sertle\u015ftiler ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.\u201d (Tabak\u00e2t<\/i>, I, 199)<\/p>\n Med\u00eene\u2019de M\u00fcsl\u00fcman muh\u00e2taplara inen h\u00fck\u00fcmlerde de tedr\u00eec\u00eeli\u011fe ri\u00e2yet edilmi\u015f, bilhassa eski al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesi ve yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin tatb\u00eekine d\u00e2ir hemen hemen her hus\u00fbsta bu metot uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Namaz, oru\u00e7 ve zek\u00e2t\u0131n farz k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131nda, i\u00e7ki, zin\u00e2 ve f\u00e2izin yasaklanmas\u0131nda hep bu us\u00fbl tatbik edilmi\u015ftir. Bunlar\u0131n birka\u00e7 tanesini misal olarak \u015f\u00f6yle iz\u00e2h edebiliriz:<\/p>\n Namaz, bi\u2019setin[2]<\/a> ilk zamanlar\u0131nda M\u00fcddessir s\u00fbresinin n\u00fcz\u00fbl\u00fcyle sabah ve ak\u015fam iki\u015fer rek\u00e2t olmak \u00fczere farz k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Daha sonra M\u00fczzemmil s\u00fbresinin ilk \u00e2yetleriyle gece namaz\u0131 emredilmi\u015f ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar bir y\u0131l boyunca gece namaz\u0131n\u0131 farz olarak k\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. M\u00fczzemmil s\u00fbresinin son \u00e2yetiyle bu farziyet kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve gece namaz\u0131 nafile ibadet h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir. Be\u015f vakit namaz ise bi\u2019setin 11. y\u0131l\u0131nda M\u00eera\u00e7\u2019ta farz k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hicrete kadar hazarda ve seferde iki\u015fer rek\u00e2t olan bu namazlar, hicretten sonra Med\u00eene\u2019de mukim olanlar i\u00e7in d\u00f6rde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, seferde ise iki rek\u00e2t olarak devam etmi\u015ftir. Hicret esn\u00e2s\u0131nda Med\u00eene\u2019ye girerken Cuma namaz\u0131 farz k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, daha sonra da bayram namazlar\u0131 emredilmi\u015ftir. (T\u00e2hir\u00fc\u2019l-Mevlev\u00ee, s. 58-65)<\/p>\n Oru\u00e7la alakal\u0131 gelen farkl\u0131 hadisler ve riv\u00e2yetler de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi zaman, insan\u0131n terbiyesinde pek m\u00fchim bir yeri olan bu ibadetin \u00fc\u00e7 merhalede farz k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6nce \u201cOru\u00e7 tutmak size farz k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u201d<\/b> (el-Bakara 2\/183) \u00e2yetiyle her ayda \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn oru\u00e7 farz k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bakara 184. \u00e2yet ile dileyenin oru\u00e7 yerine fidye verip bir fakiri doyurabilece\u011fi h\u00fckm\u00fc gelmi\u015f, en sonunda da Bakara 185. \u00e2yetle b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar neshedilerek Ramazan orucu herkese farz k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (Cess\u00e2s, I, 226-227)<\/p>\n \u0130\u00e7kinin haram k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise \u015fu merhalelerden sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n 1) Mekke\u2019de; \u201cHurma ve \u00fcz\u00fcmden, hem sarho\u015fluk veren i\u00e7ki hem de g\u00fczel g\u0131d\u00e2lar elde edersiniz. \u015e\u00fcphesiz bunda akl\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran kimseler i\u00e7in al\u0131nacak bir ibret vard\u0131r\u201d<\/b> (en-Nahl 16\/67) \u00e2yet-i ker\u00eemesi n\u00e2zil olmu\u015ftu. Bu \u00e2yette hurma ve \u00fcz\u00fcmden, g\u00fczel g\u0131d\u00e2dan farkl\u0131 olarak sarho\u015fluk veren bir madde de elde edildi\u011fi bildirilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece sarho\u015fluk veren \u015feylerin g\u00fczel ve makbul i\u00e7ecek say\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hissettirilerek onun ileride yasaklanaca\u011f\u0131 da \u00eem\u00e2 edilmi\u015ftir. Mekke d\u00f6neminde i\u00e7ki hakk\u0131nda ba\u015fka \u00e2yet n\u00e2zil olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n 2) Peygamber Efendimiz Medine\u2019ye hicret ettikten sonra insanlar\u0131n sorular\u0131 \u00fczerine Y\u00fcce Allah \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu:<\/p>\n \u201cSana i\u00e7kiyi ve kumar\u0131 sorarlar. De ki: Onlarda hem b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnah, hem insanlar i\u00e7in bir k\u0131s\u0131m faydalar vard\u0131r. Ancak zararlar\u0131 faydalar\u0131ndan daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr\u2026\u201d<\/b> (el-Bakara 2\/219)<\/p>\n Bu \u00e2yetin n\u00fcz\u00fbl\u00fcnden sonra M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu i\u00e7kiyi terk etti, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise i\u00e7meye dev\u00e2m etti.<\/p>\n 3) Ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2mdan biri ak\u015fam namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131rken, bir \u00e2yeti m\u00e2n\u00e2 bozulacak derecede yanl\u0131\u015f okudu. Bunun \u00fczerine:<\/p>\n \u201cEy \u00eem\u00e2n edenler! Siz sarho\u015f iken, ne s\u00f6yleyece\u011finizi bilinceye (…) kadar namaza yakla\u015fmay\u0131n!\u201d<\/b> (en-Nis\u00e2 4\/43) \u00e2yeti n\u00e2zil oldu.<\/p>\n Bundan sonra M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan i\u00e7ki i\u00e7enler iyice azald\u0131. Namaz k\u0131l\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 zaman Allah Res\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn m\u00fcn\u00e2d\u00eesi; \u201cSarho\u015f olanlar kesinlikle namaza yakla\u015fmas\u0131n!\u201d diyerek seslenirdi. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar art\u0131k i\u00e7kinin kesin bir \u015fekilde yasaklanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlam\u0131\u015flar ve buna haz\u0131r h\u00e2le gelmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n 4) Nih\u00e2yetinde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 i\u00e7kiyi b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 da i\u00e7ki y\u00fcz\u00fcnden kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 n\u00e2ho\u015f durumlardan muzdarip durumdayd\u0131lar. Hz. \u00d6mer, \u201cAllah\u0131m! \u0130\u00e7ki hakk\u0131nda bize a\u00e7\u0131k ve kesin bir beyanda bulun!\u201d diye dua ediyordu. Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2:<\/p>\n \u201cEy \u00eem\u00e2n edenler! \u0130\u00e7ki, kumar, dikili ta\u015flar ve fal oklar\u0131, \u015feytan\u0131n murdar ve k\u00f6t\u00fc i\u015finden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir! Bunlardan uzak durun ki fel\u00e2h bulas\u0131n\u0131z! \u015eeytan, \u015farap ve kumarla sizin aran\u0131za d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k ve kin salmak, sizi Allah\u2019\u0131 zikretmekten ve namazdan al\u0131koymak ister. Art\u0131k bu murdar \u015feylerden vaz ge\u00e7tiniz, de\u011fil mi?\u201d<\/b> (el-M\u00e2ide 5\/90-91) \u00e2yetlerini inz\u00e2l buyurdu.<\/p>\n Peygamber Efendimiz, Hz. \u00d6mer\u2019i \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131p ona bu \u00e2yetleri okudu. \u201cArt\u0131k vazge\u00e7tiniz de\u011fil mi?\u201d<\/b> k\u0131sm\u0131na gelince o:<\/p>\n \u2013 Vazge\u00e7tik! Vazge\u00e7tik y\u00e2 Rab! diyordu. Yaln\u0131z Hz. \u00d6mer de\u011fil, b\u00fct\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar da:<\/p>\n \u2013 Art\u0131k i\u00e7kiden, kumardan vazge\u00e7tik Rabbimiz! dediler.<\/p>\n Bu \u00e2yetler nazil olunca, Res\u00fblull\u00e2h Efendimiz\u2019in emriyle bir m\u00fcn\u00e2di:<\/p>\n \u2013 Haberiniz olsun ki i\u00e7ki haram k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r! diyerek Medine sokaklar\u0131nda seslendi. Tulumlar\u0131 delinip bo\u015falt\u0131lan ve k\u00fcpleri k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p d\u00f6k\u00fclen i\u00e7kiler, Medine sokaklar\u0131nda su gibi akt\u0131!..<\/p>\n Daha sonra Efendimiz:<\/p>\n \u201cMuhakkak ki Allah i\u00e7kiye, onu s\u0131zd\u0131rana, s\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yere, i\u00e7ene, i\u00e7irene, ta\u015f\u0131yana, satana, sat\u0131n alana, bedelini ve kazanc\u0131n\u0131 yiyene l\u00e2net etmi\u015ftir!\u201d<\/i> buyurdu. (\u0130bn- Hanbel, I, 53; II, 351; Nes\u00e2\u00ee, E\u015fribe, 1-2; H\u00e2kim, II, 305)<\/p>\n Kur\u2019\u00e2n yerle\u015fmi\u015f m\u00fczmin bir i\u00e7tim\u00e2\u00ee hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ted\u00e2v\u00ee ederken bu i\u015fi \u00e2n\u00ee \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ve zorlamalarla de\u011fil, hastal\u0131\u011fa yumu\u015fakl\u0131kla yakla\u015f\u0131p onu \u0131sl\u00e2ha do\u011fru birbirlerine zincirleme ba\u011fl\u0131 ve sa\u011flam ad\u0131mlar atarak yapar ve hedefe ula\u015f\u0131ncaya kadar gayretine devam eder.<\/p>\n