\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0627\u064e\u0647\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0643\u0650\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650 \u0644\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064f \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u06e4 \u0627\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0632\u0650\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627\u06e4 \u0627\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0632\u0650\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0650\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u062e\u064e\u0627\u0634\u0650\u0639\u06ea\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u0650 \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0634\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0670\u064a\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u0650 \u062b\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u0644\u06ea\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u064f\u0648\u06e8\u0644\u0670\u06e4\u0626\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0627\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0647\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e \u0631\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0651\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0652 \u0627\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u064e \u0633\u064e\u0631\u06ea\u064a\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u0650\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650 \ufd3f199\ufd3e \u064a\u064e\u0627\u06e4 \u0627\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0651\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u06ea\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0670\u0645\u064e\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0652\u0628\u0650\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0637\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0644\u0650\u062d\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \ufd3f200\ufd3e<\/p>\n
199. \u201cEhl-i kitaptan \u00f6yleleri var ki, onlar Allah\u2019a, size indirilene ve kendilerine indirilene \u00eeman ederler. Allah\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 derin bir hu\u015f\u00fb <\/b>(sayg\u0131, korku ve teslimiyet) i\u00e7indedirler. Allah\u2019\u0131n \u00e2yetlerini basit bir menfaat kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda satmazlar. \u0130\u015fte onlar i\u00e7in Rableri kat\u0131nda ecirleri vard\u0131r. \u015e\u00fcphesiz Allah, hesab\u0131 \u00e7abuk g\u00f6rendir.\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n
200. \u201cEy \u00eeman edenler! Sabredin, seb\u00e2t g\u00f6sterin, sab\u0131r yar\u0131\u015f\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ge\u00e7in, <\/b>(cihad i\u00e7in) haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 ve uyan\u0131k bulunun ve Allah\u2019\u0131n emirlerine itaatsizlikten sak\u0131n\u0131n ki fel\u00e2ha erebilesiniz.\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n
Tefsir:<\/b><\/p>\n
199. <\/b>M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan Habe\u015f Nec\u00e2\u015f\u00eesi<\/b> Ashama vefat etti\u011finde, Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v):<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2013Bug\u00fcn Allah\u2019\u0131n s\u00e2lih kulu Ashama vef\u00e2t etti!\u201d buyurup namazgaha \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve ashab\u0131n\u0131 saf h\u00e2line getirip Nec\u00e2\u015f\u00ee i\u00e7in (g\u0131yab\u00ee) cenaze namaz\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. (M\u00fcslim, Cen\u00e2iz, 65, 62-67)<\/p>\n
Bu h\u00e2diseyi istismar etmek isteyen m\u00fcnaf\u0131klar:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2013Habe\u015fistan\u2019da \u00f6len ve hi\u00e7 g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi bir hristiyan\u0131n namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131yor!\u201d demi\u015f\u00adlerdi. Bunun \u00fczerine bu \u00e2yet inmi\u015ftir. (V\u00e2h\u0131d\u00ee, s. 144)<\/p>\n
M\u00fcc\u00e2hid<\/b>, bu \u00e2yet-i kerimenin ehl-i kitaptan m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olanlar\u0131n tamam\u0131 hakk\u0131nda n\u00e2zil oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Bilhassa, ehl-i kitaptan m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olup da baz\u0131 zar\u00fbretler sebebiyle \u00eeman\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayamayan ve onlar aras\u0131nda ya\u015fayan m\u00fc\u2019minler kastedilmektedir. Bunlar, m\u00fcn\u00e2f\u0131klar\u0131n z\u0131dd\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c2yet de z\u00e2ten m\u00fcn\u00e2f\u0131klara cevap m\u00e2hiyetindedir. (\u0130bn-i \u00c2\u015f\u00fbr, IV, 207)<\/p>\n
Allah\u2019a \u00eemanlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda hem Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019a hem de kendi kitaplar\u0131na inanan, Allah\u2019a itaat edip boyun e\u011fen ve acziyetlerinin fark\u0131na varan ehl-i kitap, di\u011ferleri gibi kendi kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 tahrif edip de\u011fi\u015ftirmez ve kimseden gizlemezler. Kitaplar\u0131nda ne buyrulmu\u015fsa, onu do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde insanlara anlat\u0131rlar. \u0130\u015fte b\u00f6yle olan ehl-i kitaba Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak hus\u00fbs\u00ee bir ecir verir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc zor bir i\u015fi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Di\u011ferlerinin kap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gurur, kibir ve haset illetlerine ma\u011flup olmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00c2yet-i kerimede \u015f\u00f6yle buyrulur:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u0130\u015fte onlara, sabretmeleri sebebiyle m\u00fck\u00e2fatlar\u0131 iki def\u00e2 verilecektir…\u201d <\/b>(Kasas 28\/54. Bkz. Had\u00eed 57\/28)<\/p>\n
Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak herkesin hes\u00e2b\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00e7abuk g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve m\u00fck\u00e2f\u00e2tlar\u0131n\u0131 da hemen verir. O her \u015feyi bilir, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ihtiyac\u0131 yoktur. Y\u00fcce bir kudrete sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, ne kadar \u00e7ok olurlarsa olsunlar, insanlar\u0131n hesab\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00e7abuk g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
200.<\/b> S\u00fbrenin son ayetinde, d\u00fcnya hayat\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 mu\u00adzaffer olman\u0131n ve \u00e2hiret nimetlerini elde ederek kurtulu\u015fa ermenin yolunu g\u00f6steren, m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131 geni\u015f lafz\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6zl\u00fc tavsiyeler yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada ayn\u0131 zamanda Bakara s\u00fbresinin nih\u00e2yetindeki \u201cK\u00e2firlere kar\u015f\u0131 bize yard\u0131m eyle!\u201d<\/b>[1]<\/a> du\u00e2s\u0131na da cevap verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u0130nsan i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck fazilet sab\u0131r<\/b>d\u0131r. Ahl\u00e2k\u00ee melekelerin hi\u00e7biri sab\u0131rla boy \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc\u015femez. Onun i\u00e7in Allah\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131nda sab\u0131r kadar \u00e7ok zikredilen, sab\u0131r kadar \u00e7ok emredilen ba\u015fka bir seciye yoktur. Ancak sab\u0131r, zillete katlanmak de\u011fil, me\u015fakkatlere tahamm\u00fcl etmektir. Sonunda katlan\u0131lmayacak ac\u0131larla y\u00fcz y\u00fcze gelmemek i\u00e7in \u00f6nceden her t\u00fcrl\u00fc zorluklara ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lara mert\u00e7e ve insanca tahamm\u00fcl g\u00f6stermektir. Allah yolunda, din u\u011fruna, millet i\u00e7in rahat\u0131n\u0131, uykusunu, mal\u0131n\u0131, can\u0131n\u0131 fed\u00e2 edivermektir. Yoksa bu fed\u00e2k\u00e2rl\u0131klar\u0131n semtine u\u011framadan miskin miskin oturup, sonra da hissesine d\u00fc\u015fen r\u00fcsv\u00e2l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cNe yapal\u0131m, kader b\u00f6yleymi\u015f, tahamm\u00fcl etmeli\u2026\u201d diye hazmetmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak hi\u00e7bir zaman sab\u0131r ile telif edilemez.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n \u00c2yetteki \u201c<\/b>\u0648\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0627\u201d<\/b> kelimesinin iki m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n 1. Hakk\u0131 m\u00fcd\u00e2faa ederken, k\u00e2firlerin b\u00e2t\u0131l d\u00e2v\u00e2lar\u0131 u\u011fruna sarfetti\u011fi gayretten daha fazla gayret g\u00f6sterin ve seb\u00e2t edin! Sab\u0131r yar\u0131\u015f\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ge\u00e7in!<\/p>\n 2. K\u00e2firlerle sava\u015f\u0131rken \u015fecaat, yi\u011fitlik ve kahramanl\u0131k g\u00f6sterme hus\u00fbsunda birbirinizle yar\u0131\u015f\u0131n!<\/p>\n Hasan Basr\u00ee<\/b> Hazretleri, \u201cS\u00e2bir\u00fb: sab\u0131r ve seb\u00e2t g\u00f6sterin\u201d emrinden kast\u0131n, be\u015f vakit namaza sebat ile devam et\u00admek oldu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015ftir. (Kurtub\u00ee, IV, 323)<\/p>\n \u015e\u00f6yle de a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: \u201cMus\u00e2bere<\/b>, nefsin arzular\u0131na devaml\u0131 muha\u00adlefet etmektir. Nefis, bir \u015feye d\u00e2vet ederken, ki\u015finin ona gitmeyip vazge\u00e7mesidir. (Kurtub\u00ee, IV, 323)<\/p>\n L\u00fcgatte \u201cd\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n gelece\u011fi yeri bekleyip korumak\u201d m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131na gelen rib\u00e2t<\/b>, \u0131st\u0131lahta \u201cAllah yolundan ayr\u0131lmamak, d\u00fc\u015fmana kar\u015f\u0131 uyan\u0131k ve haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 bulunmak\u201d anlamlar\u0131na gelir. \u0130ster s\u00fcvari ister piyade olsun, s\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131nda bekleyen kimseye \u201cn\u00f6bet\u00e7i, n\u00f6bet bekleyen\u201d anlam\u0131nda \u201cmur\u00e2b\u0131t\u201d<\/b> denilmi\u015ftir. Mur\u00e2b\u0131t, \u201cbir m\u00fcddet beklemek i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131ra giden kimse\u201d demek olup \u0131st\u0131lahta, sil\u00e2h alt\u0131nda bulunan, k\u0131\u015fla ve karakollarda duran ve n\u00f6bet bek\u00adleyen asker i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bir namazdan sonra di\u011ferini beklemeye de rib\u00e2t<\/b> denilmi\u015ftir. Eb\u00fb H\u00fcreyre (r.a)\u2019den riv\u00e2yet edildi\u011fine g\u00f6re Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) bir g\u00fcn:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Size, Allah\u2019\u0131n kendisiyle g\u00fcnahlar\u0131 yok edip, dereceleri y\u00fckseltti\u011fi amelleri haber vereyim mi?\u201d<\/i> <\/b>buyurmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n Ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Evet, haber veriniz ey Allah\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc!\u201d kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 verdiler.<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklere ra\u011fmen abdesti g\u00fczelce almak, mescitlere do\u011fru \u00e7ok\u00e7a ad\u0131m atmak ve bir namazdan sonra di\u011ferini g\u00f6zlemektir. \u0130\u015fte, bekleyece\u011finiz en faziletli n\u00f6bet (rib\u00e2t) budur\u201d<\/i> <\/b>buyurdu. (M\u00fcslim, Tah\u00e2ret, 41)<\/p>\n Takv\u00e2,<\/b> ki\u015finin Allah\u2019\u0131n gazab\u0131ndan ve azab\u0131ndan kendini korumas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu da ancak Allah\u2019\u0131 tan\u0131mak, O\u2019nu raz\u0131 edecek ve gadapland\u0131racak \u015feyleri bilmekle m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bunlar\u0131 bilmek ise Allah\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya, Peygamberi\u2019nin s\u00fcnnetini ve bu \u00fcmmetin \u201cselef-i s\u00e2lih\u00een\u201d denilen b\u00fcy\u00fcklerinin hayat\u0131n\u0131 bilmeye ve onlar\u0131 \u00f6r\u00adnek almaya ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Kim hakk\u0131 ve ehlini korumak, d\u00e2vetini yaymak u\u011frunda sab\u00adreder, m\u00e2n\u00eelere direnir, tehlikelere kar\u015f\u0131 uyan\u0131k olup gerekeni yapar ve Al\u00adlah\u2019\u0131n emrine sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131ktan sak\u0131n\u0131r, di\u011fer i\u015flerinde de bu k\u00e2ideleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurursa kurtulu\u015fa erer ve Allah kat\u0131ndaki sa\u00e2dete n\u00e2il olur.<\/p>\n Ge\u00e7en iki s\u00fbreyi hul\u00e2sa etmek gerekirse:<\/p>\n Bakara s\u00fbresinde um\u00fbmiyetle ul\u00fbhiyet mevz\u00fbu i\u015flenmi\u015f, \u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n\u2019da ise peygamberlik konusu ele al\u0131narak b\u00fct\u00fcn y\u00f6nleriyle ortaya konmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Bakara s\u00fbresinde yah\u00fbdilikle, bu s\u00fbrede ise hristiyanl\u0131kla al\u00e2kal\u0131 hususlara a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Bakara s\u00fbresinde Hz. \u00c2dem\u2019in, bu s\u00fbrede ise Hz. \u00ces\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 konu edilmi\u015f ve iki yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f aras\u0131ndaki benzerli\u011fe dikkat \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
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