Zek\u00e2t<\/b>, belli bir miktar\u0131n \u00fczerinde mala sahip olan zenginlerin, mallar\u0131ndan %2,5 nisbetinde fakirlere, yoksullara, zek\u00e2t toplayan memurlara, g\u00f6n\u00fclleri \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lacak olanlara, h\u00fcrriyetlerini sat\u0131n almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan k\u00f6lelere, bor\u00e7lulara, Allah yolunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara, yolda kalanlara vermesidir. (Tevbe, 60)<\/p>\n
Hayvanlar ve toprak mahsulleri de zek\u00e2ta t\u00e2b\u00eedir. Her birinin hesaplar\u0131 farkl\u0131 farkl\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Toprak mahsullerinin zek\u00e2t\u0131na \u201c\u00f6\u015f\u00fcr\u201d<\/b> denir. Sadaka<\/b> ve inf\u00e2k<\/b> kelimeleri ise, her ne kadar zaman zaman farz olan zek\u00e2t m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131na kullan\u0131lsalar da daha \u00e7ok n\u00e2file olarak muhta\u00e7lara yap\u0131lan yard\u0131mlar\u0131 ifade ederler.<\/p>\n
Zek\u00e2t, varl\u0131kl\u0131 insanlar\u0131n servetlerine aldanarak azg\u0131nla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve muhta\u00e7lar\u0131n zenginlere kar\u015f\u0131 kin ve hased gibi menf\u00ee tem\u00e2y\u00fcllere kap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyerek ictim\u00e2\u00ee hay\u00e2t\u0131 korur, fertleri birbirine karde\u015flik ve muhabbetle ba\u011flar. Zenginlerle fakirler aras\u0131ndaki mesafeyi asgar\u00eeye indirir. Fakirlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yok denecek kadar azaltarak, bu sebeple meydana gelen bir\u00e7ok tats\u0131z h\u00e2disenin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7er. Nitekim Halife \u00d6mer bin Abd\u00fclaz\u00eez, <\/b>zek\u00e2t memurunu Afrika \u00fclkelerine g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti. Memur, mallar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tamadan geri getirdi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc zek\u00e2t alacak kimse bulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine Halife de bu paralarla pek \u00e7ok k\u00f6le al\u0131p \u00e2z\u00e2d etti.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n Zek\u00e2t, farkl\u0131 seviyelerdeki insanlar aras\u0131nda kurulan ve cemiyeti b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftiren bir k\u00f6pr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu sebeple Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v): \u201cZek\u00e2t, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr\u201d<\/i> buyurmu\u015ftur.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n Cemiyetin ma\u011fdur insanlar\u0131n\u0131 sevindiren zek\u00e2t\u0131n, verenlere sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazan\u00e7 ise daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Hak\u00eekaten \u201ctemizlik, s\u00e2fiyet, art\u0131\u015f, bereket\u201d<\/b> m\u00e2n\u00e2lar\u0131n\u0131 if\u00e2de eden \u201czek\u00e2t\u201d, insan\u0131 b\u00e2z\u0131 kalb\u00ee hastal\u0131k ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r, mal\u0131n temizlenip bereketlenmesini sa\u011flar.[3]<\/a> Zek\u00e2t ibadeti, insan\u0131n sahip olma ve menfaat duygular\u0131n\u0131 da terbiye eder.<\/p>\n Zek\u00e2t, servet sahiplerinin n\u00e2il olduklar\u0131 ilah\u00ee nimetlere kar\u015f\u0131 if\u00e2 etmeleri gereken \u015f\u00fckr\u00fcn bir ifadesidir. Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak, \u015f\u00fckredildi\u011fi takdirde nimetlerini art\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, nank\u00f6rl\u00fck edildi\u011finde ise az\u00e2b\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddetli oldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015ftir.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n Zek\u00e2t\u0131n, mill\u00ee servetin s\u00fcrekli dola\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, i\u015fleyip verimli h\u00e2le gelmesi, piyasan\u0131n hareketlenmesi, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fin canlanmas\u0131 gibi \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131 ekonomik faydalar\u0131 da mevcuttur.<\/p>\n Yine zek\u00e2t s\u00e2yesinde Allah yolunda gayret eden pek \u00e7ok insana destek verilerek hay\u0131rl\u0131 i\u015flerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck edilir. \u0130lim talebelerinin okumas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olunarak ilmin ve fennin geli\u015fmesine zemin haz\u0131rlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n Zek\u00e2t almak de\u011fil, zek\u00e2t vermek daha makbuld\u00fcr. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u201cVeren el alan elden daha hay\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r. Yard\u0131m etmeye, ge\u00e7imini \u00fcstlendi\u011fin kimselerden ba\u015fla! Sadakan\u0131n hay\u0131rl\u0131s\u0131, ihtiya\u00e7 fazlas\u0131 maldan verilendir. Kim insanlardan bir \u015fey istemezse, Allah onu kimseye muhta\u00e7 etmez. Kim de tokg\u00f6zl\u00fc olursa, Allah onu zengin k\u0131lar\u201d<\/i> buyurmu\u015ftur. <\/i>(Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Zek\u00e2t 18; M\u00fcslim, Zek\u00e2t 94-97, 106, 124)<\/p>\n Bundan dolay\u0131, daha hay\u0131rl\u0131 duruma y\u00fckselmek isteyen m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fevkle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p kazanarak veren el olma gayreti i\u00e7inde bulunurlar. Neticede insanlar tembellik ve miskinlikten kurtularak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve kazanma azmi elde ederler.<\/p>\n Zek\u00e2t verilmedi\u011finde ise b\u00fct\u00fcn bu faydalar tersine d\u00f6nerek, fert ve toplum aleyhine b\u00fcy\u00fck zararlar meydana gelir. Zek\u00e2t vermek s\u00fbretiyle ted\u00e2vi edilmeyen cimrilik<\/b> hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, insan\u0131 d\u00fcnyada s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 i\u00e7inde b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u00e2hirette de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir az\u00e2ba s\u00fcr\u00fckler. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n \u201cBir kimseye Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 mal verir, o da zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demezse, bu mal k\u0131yamet g\u00fcn\u00fc olduk\u00e7a zehirli b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u0131lan h\u00e2linde kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Yanaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde (gazap ve zehirinin \u015fiddetini g\u00f6steren) iki siyah nokta vard\u0131r. O g\u00fcn bu azg\u0131n y\u0131lan, mal sahibinin boynuna dolan\u0131p (a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131 kapatacak \u015fekilde) iki yana\u011f\u0131ndan \u015fiddetle \u0131s\u0131r\u0131r ve: \u00ab\u2013Ben senin (d\u00fcnyada \u00e7ok sevdi\u011fin) mal\u0131n\u0131m, ben senin haz\u00eenenim!\u00bb der.\u201d <\/i>(Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Zek\u00e2t, 3; Tirmiz\u00ee, Tefsir, 3\/3012. Kr\u015f. \u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n, 180)<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz, zek\u00e2t\u0131n toplumda a\u011f\u0131r bir y\u00fck olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve zamanla tamamen ihmal edildi\u011fi vakit, insanlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na bir k\u0131s\u0131m bel\u00e2lar\u0131n gelece\u011fini haber vermi\u015ftir.[5]<\/a> Bir def\u00e2s\u0131nda da \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n \u201cMallar\u0131n\u0131n zek\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 vermekten ka\u00e7\u0131nan her millet, mutlaka ya\u011fmurdan mahrum b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r ve hayvanlar\u0131 olmasa, onlara ya\u011fmur ya\u011fd\u0131r\u0131lmaz.\u201d<\/i> (\u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Fiten, 22; H\u00e2kim, IV, 583\/8623)<\/p>\n