\u00c2lim olmak ba\u015fka, s\u00e2lih \u00e2lim olmak ba\u015fkad\u0131r. Nice \u00e2limler vard\u0131r ki nefislerinin ve \u015feytan\u0131n hilelerinden kurtulamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130lmiyle \u015f\u00f6hrete kavu\u015fmak ve \u00eetibar g\u00f6rmek isterler. Mal, m\u00fclk elde edip y\u00fcksek mevkilere gelmenin pe\u015findedirler. Nefsinin bu t\u00fcr arzular\u0131ndan kurtulamayan bir \u00e2lim ise insanl\u0131\u011fa en zararl\u0131 varl\u0131k h\u00e2line gelir.<\/p>\n
Ras\u00fblullah r Efendimiz bu hususta \u015f\u00f6yle buyururlar:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u00dcmmetim hakk\u0131nda korktu\u011fum \u015feylerin en korkuncu, a\u011fz\u0131 laf yapan, (konu\u015fmas\u0131yla insanlar\u0131 aldatan) dilbaz m\u00fcn\u00e2f\u0131kt\u0131r.\u201d<\/i> (Ahmed, I, 22; Beyhak\u00ee, \u015euabu\u2019l-\u00cem\u00e2n<\/i>, III, 272\/1639)<\/p>\n
Bu t\u00fcr insanlar g\u00fczel ve tesirli bir \u00fcslupla konu\u015furlar. Hikmetli \u015feylerden bahsederler. Duygusal if\u00e2deler kullanarak insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6nl\u00fcne girerler. Ancak amellerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, s\u00f6zlerini tutmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
T\u00e2bi\u00eenin b\u00fcy\u00fck imamlar\u0131ndan Ebu\u2019l-\u00c2liye <\/b>\u015f\u00f6yle der:<\/p>\n
\u201cBiz, kendisinden (hadis) almak i\u00e7in bir ki\u015finin yan\u0131na gitti\u011fimizde, \u00f6nce onun namaz k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na dikkat ederdik; e\u011fer namaz\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fczel k\u0131larsa, \u00abO, di\u011fer i\u015flerini de g\u00fczel yapar.\u00bb diyerek yan\u0131na otururduk. Namaz\u0131n\u0131 hu\u015f\u00fb ve t\u00e2dil-i erk\u00e2na ri\u00e2yet etmeden k\u0131larsa; \u00abOnun di\u011fer i\u015fleri de sa\u011flam de\u011fildir.\u00bb diyerek yan\u0131ndan kalkard\u0131k.\u201d (D\u00e2rim\u00ee, Mukaddime, 38\/429)<\/p>\n
Hasan Basr\u00ee Hazretleri<\/b> de \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n
\u201cKim g\u00fczel s\u00f6z s\u00f6yler ve s\u00f6z\u00fcne m\u00fcnasip olarak g\u00fczel ameller i\u015flerse ondan ilim al\u0131n\u0131z. E\u011fer biri g\u00fczel s\u00f6zler s\u00f6yler ancak k\u00f6t\u00fc ameller i\u015flerse ondan ilim almay\u0131n\u0131z, (s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc de dinlemeyiniz!)\u201d (Beyhak\u00ee, \u015euabu\u2019l-\u00cem\u00e2n<\/i>, III, 323\/1776)<\/p>\n
Nefsini \u0131slah etmemi\u015f olan \u00e2limler baz\u0131 kritik noktalarda insanlar\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlendirebilirler. Bu da neticede b\u00fcy\u00fck zararlara yol a\u00e7ar. Ebed\u00ee \u00e2lemde h\u00fcsrana u\u011framaya sebep olabilir. Bu sebeple d\u00e2im\u00e2 s\u00e2lih \u00e2limleri dinlemek ve onlara \u00eetim\u00e2d etmek tavsiye edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
K\u00e2d\u00ee \u015eurayh Hazretleri<\/b>, Hazret-i \u00d6mer t\u2019a mektup yazarak d\u00e2v\u00e2larda nas\u0131l h\u00fck\u00fcm vermesi gerekti\u011fini sormu\u015ftu. Hazret-i \u00d6mer<\/b> t ona \u015fu cev\u00e2b\u0131 yazd\u0131:<\/p>\n
\u201cHalka, All\u00e2h\u2019\u0131n Kit\u00e2b\u0131\u2019nda olanlarla h\u00fckmet. E\u011fer onda bulamazsan All\u00e2h Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn S\u00fcnneti ile h\u00fckmet. All\u00e2h\u2019\u0131n Kit\u00e2b\u0131 ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn S\u00fcnnet\u2019inde de bulamazsan s\u00e2lihlerin verdi\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerle h\u00fckmet. S\u00e2lihlerin verdi\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda da yoksa, istersen devam et, h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc ver, istersen geri dur. Geri durup h\u00fck\u00fcm vermemenin senin i\u00e7in daha hay\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu kanaatindeyim, vessel\u00e2m.\u201d<\/i><\/b> (Nes\u00e2\u00ee, \u00c2d\u00e2bu\u2019l-Kud\u00e2t, 11\/3)<\/p>\n
Bir g\u00fcn m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00e2h\u00e2b\u00ee \u0130bn-i Mes\u2019\u00fbd Hazretleri<\/b>\u2019ne bir\u00e7ok mesele sormu\u015flard\u0131. \u0130bn-i Mes\u2019\u00fbd t onlara \u015fu a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 yapt\u0131:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2013Herhangi bir meseleyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan kimse, Allah\u2019\u0131n kit\u00e2b\u0131yla h\u00fck\u00fcm versin! Allah\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc olmayan bir meseleyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rsa, Nebiyy-i Ekrem Efendimiz\u2019in verdi\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmlere bakarak halletsin.<\/p>\n
Allah\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131nda ve Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019in h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc bulamazsa, s\u00e2lih \u00e2limlerin verdi\u011fi fetv\u00e2lara bakarak meseleye cevap versin.<\/p>\n
Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019da, S\u00fcnnet\u2019te ve s\u00e2lihlerin fetv\u00e2lar\u0131nda cevab\u0131 bulunmayan bir mesele ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rsa, akl\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak i\u00e7tihat yaps\u0131n! \u00abBen i\u00e7tihat yapmaktan korkar\u0131m\u00bb demesin. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hel\u00e2l belli, haram bellidir. Hel\u00e2lle haram\u0131n aras\u0131nda \u015f\u00fcpheli ve kapal\u0131 hususlar vard\u0131r. O h\u00e2lde sana \u015f\u00fcphe veren \u015feyi b\u0131rak, \u015f\u00fcphe vermeyen \u015feye bak!\u201d (Nes\u00e2\u00ee, \u00c2d\u00e2bu\u2019l-Kud\u00e2t, 11)<\/p>\n
Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hasan Harak\u00e2n\u00ee Hazretleri<\/b> \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u0130ki ki\u015finin dinde \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 fitneyi \u015feytan bile \u00e7\u0131karamaz:<\/p>\n
1. D\u00fcnya h\u0131rs\u0131na sahip \u00e2lim ve<\/p>\n
2. \u0130limden mahrum c\u00e2hil ham sofu!\u201d (Fer\u00eed\u00fcdd\u00een Att\u00e2r, Tezkirat\u00fc\u2019l-Evliy\u00e2,<\/i> s. 624)<\/p>\n
B\u00e2b\u00fcrl\u00fc sult\u00e2n\u0131 Ekber \u015eah<\/b>, \u00f6nceleri saf inan\u00e7l\u0131 ve dinine s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 bir m\u00fcsl\u00fcmand\u0131. Ancak okuma yazma bilmezdi. Zamanla, etr\u00e2f\u0131ndaki menfaat ehli \u00e2limlerin tesiriyle b\u00e2t\u0131l fikirlere sapland\u0131. Meclisine girip \u00e7\u0131kan ilim adamlar\u0131, sultana ve vezirlere yakla\u015fma\u00adya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, idarecilere \u015firin g\u00f6r\u00fcnmek i\u00e7in ellerinden ge\u00adlen t\u00e2vizi veriyor, \u0130sl\u00e2m hakk\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok \u015f\u00fcphe ve te\u00adredd\u00fct uyand\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. \u0130htil\u00e2fl\u0131 mevz\u00fblar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirmek s\u00fbretiyle zenginleri yoldan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yorlard\u0131.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n Neticede d\u00een\u00ee s\u00e2fiyetini kaybeden Sult\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n sa\u011flam \u00eetik\u00e2d\u0131 bozulmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayanlara devlet id\u00e2resinde m\u00fchim vazifeler verdi, baz\u0131 Hind\u00fb kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 haremine ald\u0131. Yak\u0131n\u0131nda bulunan insanlar\u0131n tesir ve te\u015fvikiyle \u0130sl\u00e2m ile Hind\u00fbizm\u2019i birle\u015ftirmek g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc alt\u0131nda D\u00een-i \u0130l\u00e2h\u00ee<\/b> ad\u0131nda yeni bir din \u00eec\u00e2d etti. Baz\u0131 yerlerde m\u00fcsl\u00fcman m\u00e2bedleri y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p yerine Hind\u00fb m\u00e2bedleri yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Sult\u00e2n\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcne girmek isteyen d\u00fcnya ehli \u00e2limlerin fetv\u00e2s\u0131yla Ekber \u015eah\u2019a sel\u00e2mlama secdesi yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Secde etmeyen pek \u00e7ok m\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u015feh\u00eed edildi.<\/p>\n \u0130m\u00e2m-\u0131 Rabb\u00e2n\u00ee Hazretleri<\/b> daha sonra bu \u00e2limler hakk\u0131nda \u015fu tesbitlerde bulunur:<\/p>\n \u201cD\u00fcnyal\u0131k \u00e2limlerin tek hedefi d\u00fcnya met\u00e2\u0131n\u0131n pe\u015finden ko\u015fmak ve onun d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fclerini toplamakt\u0131r. Bunlarla arkada\u015fl\u0131k etmek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc zehirdir. Bunlar\u0131n bozuklu\u011fu ba\u015fkalar\u0131na da sir\u00e2yet etmektedir. Nitekim ge\u00e7en as\u0131rda ne musibetler geldiyse hep bunlar\u0131n fen\u00e2l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan geldi. Zira \u00f6nceki sultan\u0131 do\u011fru yoldan bunlar sapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Sadece sultan\u0131 sapt\u0131rmakla kalmam\u0131\u015f, yetmi\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 f\u0131rka i\u00e7inde sap\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fen her f\u0131rkan\u0131n \u00f6nderi mutlaka bu k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00e2limler olmu\u015ftur. Sapk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7enler i\u00e7inden k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00e2limler gibi zarar\u0131 ba\u015fkalar\u0131na tesir eden ba\u015fka bir s\u0131n\u0131f yok denecek kadar azd\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde s\u00fbfilere benzeyen \u00e7o\u011fu cahiller de k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00e2limler h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. Zira bunlar\u0131n da bozuk fikirleri ba\u015fkalar\u0131na tesir etmektedir.\u201d (\u0130m\u00e2m-\u0131 Rabb\u00e2n\u00ee, Mekt\u00fbb\u00e2t<\/i>, I, 243, no: 47)<\/p>\n Yine \u0130m\u00e2m-\u0131 Rabb\u00e2n\u00ee -kuddise sirruh-, d\u00fcnyev\u00ee menfaatler pe\u015finde ko\u015fan \u00e2limlerin hem kendilerine hem de cemiyete ne b\u00fcy\u00fck zararlar verdi\u011fini \u015fu s\u00f6zleriyle \u00eez\u00e2h eder:<\/p>\n \u201c\u00c2limlerin d\u00fcnyaya olan d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fczel y\u00fczleri \u00fczerinde bir lekedir. Bu gibi \u00e2limlerin ilmi halka fayda verse bile kendilerine fayda sa\u011flamaz. Her ne kadar dinin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi bunlar\u0131n omuzla\u00adr\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da buna itibar edilmez. Zira dini takviye bazen z\u00e2lim ve g\u00fcnahk\u00e2r kimselerin eliyle de olabilir. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Cih\u00e2d, 182)<\/i><\/p>\n Bu t\u00fcr \u00e2limler Faris ta\u015f\u0131 gibidir. Bu ta\u015fa saydam bir \u015fey s\u00fc\u00adr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde alt\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr, ama ta\u015f\u0131n kendisi ta\u015f olarak kal\u0131r. Hatta k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00e2limlerin ilimlerinin kendilerine zarar verdi\u011fini bile s\u00f6yleyebilirim. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ilimleri sayesinde aleyhlerine deliller tamamlanm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r. Ras\u00fblullah r Efendimiz \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015flard\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u00abK\u0131ya\u00admet g\u00fcn\u00fc insanlar\u0131n en \u015fiddetli azap g\u00f6reni, ilmi kendisine fayda vermeyen \u00e2limlerdir.\u00bb <\/i>(Beyhak\u00ee, \u015euabu\u2019l-\u00cem\u00e2n<\/i>, III, 273\/1642) <\/i><\/p>\n Nas\u0131l bu \u00e2limlerin ilmi kendilerine zarar vermesin ki! Allah kat\u0131nda en k\u0131ymetli \u015fey olan ilim r\u00fctbesini, al\u00e7ak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n mal, mevk\u00ee, e\u015f, dost ve makam gibi gelip ge\u00e7ici menfaatlerini elde etme v\u00e2s\u0131tas\u0131 h\u00e2line getirmi\u015flerdir. Allah kat\u0131nda al\u00e7ak olan\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcp, \u00fcst\u00fcn olan\u0131 al\u00e7altmak, \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hat\u00e2d\u0131r, hatta ger\u00e7ekte Allah\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 gelmektir.<\/p>\n Ders ve fetv\u00e2 vermek, sadece Allah i\u00e7in yap\u0131l\u0131r ve makam-mevki, mal ve \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck \u015f\u00e2ibesinden uzak olursa fayda verir\u2026<\/i><\/p>\n B\u00fcy\u00fcklerden biri \u015feytan\u0131, bir kenarda bo\u015f bo\u015f otururken g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Ona ni\u00e7in insanlar\u0131 sapt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorar. Lanetli \u015feytan cevaben \u015f\u00f6yle der:<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2012Zaman\u0131n k\u00f6\u00adt\u00fc \u00e2limleri i\u015fimde bana \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck yard\u0131mlarda bulundular. Benim yerime in\u00adsanlar\u0131 sapt\u0131rma i\u015fini \u00fcstlendiler. Bunun i\u00e7in ben de b\u00f6yle bo\u015f ve ka\u00ady\u0131ts\u0131z bir vaziyette oturuyorum!\u00bb<\/i><\/p>\n Hakikaten \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee hususlarda ba\u015f g\u00f6steren her zaaf ve \u0130slam mil\u00adletini \u00fcst\u00fcn k\u0131lma konusunda g\u00f6sterilen her kusur; daima k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00e2limlerin bereketsizli\u011fi ve niyetlerinin bozuklu\u011fu sebebiyle olmak\u00adtad\u0131r. H\u00e2lbuki \u00e2limler d\u00fcnyaya d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fck g\u00f6stermez ve makam, riyaset, mal ve \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sevd\u00e2s\u0131ndan selamet bulurlarsa, i\u015fte onlar \u00e2hiret \u00e2limleri ve peygamber v\u00e2risi olurlar. Ayr\u0131ca onlar mahl\u00fbk\u00e2t\u0131n en \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcrler\u2026\u201d (\u0130m\u00e2m-\u0131 Rabb\u00e2n\u00ee, Mekt\u00fbb\u00e2t<\/i>, cild: 1, Mektub: 33)<\/i><\/p>\n \u00c2limlerde makam h\u0131rs\u0131 olursa, her biri ken\u00addi menfaati i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve en ufak bir menfaati bile ka\u00e7\u0131rmak istemez. \u00d6te yandan kendisinin en \u00fcst\u00fcn oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermeye \u00e7a\u00adl\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Araya fikir ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ve tart\u0131\u015fmalar sokar ve bunu baz\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 merkezlerine yakla\u015fma f\u0131rsat\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece ister istemez din i\u015flerine bereketsizlik bula\u015f\u0131r.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n Peygamber Efendimiz, ilim gibi \u00e7ok m\u00fchim meseleler bir tarafa, basit bir \u015fey isterken bile s\u00e2lih insanlar\u0131 tercih etmeyi tavsiye buyurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Nitekim Fir\u00e2s\u00ee<\/b> isimli bir sah\u00e2b\u00ee:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2012Ey All\u00e2h\u2019\u0131n Ras\u00fbl\u00fc! (Bir ihtiyac\u0131m oldu\u011funda insanlardan) isteyeyim mi?\u201d diye sormu\u015ftu. Nebiyy-i Ekrem r Efendimiz:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2012Hay\u0131r, isteme! Ancak mutlaka istemen \u00eec\u00e2b ederse, b\u00e2ri s\u00e2lihlerden iste!\u201d <\/i>buyurdular. (Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, Zek\u00e2t, 28; Nes\u00e2\u00ee, Zek\u00e2t, 84)<\/p>\n O h\u00e2lde insan, d\u00e2im\u00e2 s\u00e2lihlerle beraber olup onlarla m\u00fcn\u00e2sebette bulunmaya gayret etmelidir. Bilhassa \u00eetik\u00e2d, ib\u00e2det ve ilim gibi son derece m\u00fchim meselelerde kimi okudu\u011funu, kimi dinledi\u011fini ve kimi t\u00e2kip etti\u011fini iyi bilmelidir.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n
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