{"id":4284,"date":"2013-09-10T15:24:42","date_gmt":"2013-09-10T13:24:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=4284"},"modified":"2013-11-30T10:55:10","modified_gmt":"2013-11-30T08:55:10","slug":"5-ilme-tesvik-eder","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=4284","title":{"rendered":"5. \u0130lme Te\u015fvik Eder"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n bug\u00fcne kadar \u201cilim\u201d ile bir ihtilaf\u0131 veya \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m, ilmi yasaklamak bir tarafa bil\u00e2kis ona en kuvvetli bir \u015fekilde te\u015fvik etmi\u015f ve ilim \u00f6\u011frenmeyi her m\u00fcsl\u00fcmana farz k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[1]<\/a> Di\u011fer taraftan, ilm\u00ee ke\u015fifler hi\u00e7bir zaman \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini yalanlamam\u0131\u015f, bil\u00e2kis devaml\u0131 onlar\u0131 tasdik edegelmi\u015ftir. Ni\u00e7in yalanlas\u0131n ki? \u0130lim, Allah\u2019\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 varl\u0131klar \u00fczerinde ara\u015ft\u0131rma yaparak Allah\u2019\u0131n onlara koydu\u011fu k\u00e2ideleri ke\u015ffetmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m da Allah Y taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f ve aynen g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi gibi asl\u00ee h\u00e2liyle muhafaza edilmi\u015f olan il\u00e2h\u00ee bir dindir. O h\u00e2lde ilim ile \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Yani: Tek kaynak iki farkl\u0131 \u0131rmak\u2026<\/i><\/b> \u0130lm\u00ee ke\u015fifler yap\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a ve ilim ilerledik\u00e7e Allah\u2019\u0131n azameti, kudreti, hikmetinin nihayetsizli\u011fi daha fazla \u00f6\u011frenilerek insanlar\u0131n Allah\u2019a olan \u00eemanlar\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r. Bu sebeple ilim \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hakk\u2019\u0131n ilim s\u00e2hibi oldu\u011funu, gizli a\u00e7\u0131k her \u015feyi bildi\u011fini ifade eden pek \u00e7ok esm\u00e2-i h\u00fcsn\u00e2s\u0131 mevcuttur. Kul Allah\u2019\u0131n ilim s\u0131fat\u0131ndan nasib alma gayreti i\u00e7inde olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan, insanlar\u0131 ilme te\u015fvik eden pek \u00e7ok \u00e2yet-i ker\u00eeme ve had\u00ees-i \u015fer\u00eef mevcuttur. Bunlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 arzedelim:<\/p>\n

Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019e ilk hitab\u0131 \u201cOku!\u201d<\/b> emridir. Bu emrin hemen ard\u0131ndan m\u00fc\u2019minlerin dikkati insan\u0131n yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/b>na \u00e7ekilerek bu y\u00f6ndeki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar te\u015fvik edilmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra \u201cOku!\u201d emri tekrar edilerek kalem<\/b>le \u00f6\u011freten ve insana bilmedi\u011fi \u015feyleri t\u00e2lim eden Rabbimizin \u00e7ok kerem sahibi oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015f ve okuyup ara\u015ft\u0131ran kullar\u0131na pek \u00e7ok ikramlarda bulunaca\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir. (Al\u00e2k, 1-5)<\/p>\n

\u00a0Ard\u0131ndan inen \u00e2yetlerde kalem<\/b>e ve yazd\u0131klar\u0131<\/b>na, kitab<\/b>a yemin edilmi\u015f, kitap<\/b> kelimesi pek \u00e7ok defa \u0131srarla tekrarlanm\u0131\u015f, ilimden, \u00e2limlerden, akletmekten, tefekk\u00fcr ve tedebb\u00fcrden \u00f6vg\u00fcyle bahsedilmi\u015ftir.[2]<\/a> Bu y\u00fczden okuma, yazma, e\u011fitim, \u00f6\u011fretim, ara\u015ft\u0131rma, tefekk\u00fcr, ak\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctme gibi hususlar bu dinin temel karakteri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n

\u201cAllah, kendisinden ba\u015fka il\u00e2h olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u015fahitlik etmi\u015ftir. Melekler ve ilim s\u00e2hipleri de ad\u00e2letli davranarak \u015fahitlik etmi\u015flerdir ki; O, mutlak g\u00e2lip, yeg\u00e2ne h\u00fck\u00fcm ve hikmet sahibi olan Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fka il\u00e2h yotur.\u201d<\/b> (\u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n, 18)<\/b><\/p>\n

Bu \u00e2yet-i kerimede hak\u00eek\u00ee \u00e2limler Allah ve melekleriyle birlikte zikredilmi\u015flerdir ki bundan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015feref olamaz.<\/p>\n

\u201cDe ki: Ey Rabbim! \u0130lmimi art\u0131r.\u201d <\/b>(T\u00e2h\u00e2, 114)<\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026E\u011fer bilmiyorsan\u0131z bilenlere sorunuz!\u201d <\/b>(Enbiy\u00e2, 7)<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201c\u0130\u015fte biz, bu temsilleri insanlar i\u00e7in getiriyoruz; fakat onlar\u0131 ancak \u00e2limler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp anlayabilir.\u201d <\/b>(Ankeb\u00fbt, 43)<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201cAllah, i\u00e7inizden iman edenlerin ve kendilerine ilim verilenlerin derecelerini y\u00fckseltir.\u201d <\/b>(M\u00fcc\u00e2dele, 11)<\/p>\n

Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015flard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u201cBir kimse, ilim elde etmek arzusuyla bir yola girerse, Allah <\/i>Y o ki\u015fiyi cennetin yollar\u0131ndan birine sevkeder. Melekler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ho\u015fnut olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in ilim \u00f6\u011frenmek isteyen kimsenin \u00fczerine kanatlar\u0131n\u0131 gererler. G\u00f6klerde ve yerde bulunan her \u015fey, hatta suyun alt\u0131ndaki bal\u0131klar bile \u00e2lim i\u00e7in Allah\u2019a isti\u011ffar ederler. \u00c2limin \u00e2bide \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, dolunay\u0131n di\u011fer y\u0131ld\u0131zlara olan \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibidir. \u00c2limler, peygamberlerin v\u00e2risleridir. Peygamberler, m\u00eeras olarak alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f b\u0131rakmazlar; onlar ilmi miras b\u0131rak\u0131rlar. Kim bu m\u00eer\u00e2s\u0131 al\u0131rsa, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir nasip alm\u0131\u015f olur.\u201d<\/i> (Eb\u00fb D\u00e2v\u00fbd, \u0130lim, 1\/3641; Tirmiz\u00ee, \u0130lim, 19\/2682. Bkz. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, \u0130lim, 10; \u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Mukaddime, 17)<\/p>\n

\u201cSadakan\u0131n en efdali, bir m\u00fcsl\u00fcman\u0131n ilim \u00f6\u011frenip sonra da onu m\u00fcsl\u00fcman karde\u015fine \u00f6\u011fretmesidir.\u201d<\/i> (\u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Mukaddime, 20)<\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026\u0130lim ve hikmet ehli ile birlikte olup al\u00e7ak karakterli ve g\u00fcnahk\u00e2r tabiatl\u0131 kimselerden uzak duranlara ne mutlu!<\/i>\u201d<\/i> (Eb\u00fb Nuaym, Hilye,<\/i> III, 202-203)<\/p>\n

\u201cYedi \u015fey vard\u0131r ki, kul vef\u00e2t\u0131ndan sonra kabrindeyken de bunlar\u0131n ecri kendisine ula\u015f\u0131r: \u00d6\u011fretti\u011fi ilim,<\/b> ak\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 su, a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 su kuyusu, dikti\u011fi meyve a\u011fac\u0131, in\u015f\u00e2 etti\u011fi mescit, okunmak \u00fczere miras b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Mushaf-\u0131 \u015eerif,<\/b> vefat\u0131ndan sonra kendisine isti\u011ffar edecek hay\u0131rl\u0131 evl\u00e2d.\u201d <\/i>(Beyhak\u00ee, \u015euab,<\/i> III, 248; Heysem\u00ee, I, 167)<\/p>\n

\u201cM\u00fc\u2019min, sonunda varaca\u011f\u0131 yer cennet oluncaya kadar, i\u015fitti\u011fi hi\u00e7bir ilme asla doymaz.\u201d<\/i> <\/i>(Tirmiz\u00ee, \u0130lim, 19\/2686)<\/p>\n

Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) okuma yazma bilen sah\u00e2b\u00eeleri Medine\u2019de m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara yaz\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmeleri i\u00e7in vazifelendirmi\u015ftir. Abdullah bin Sa\u00eed, Ub\u00e2de bin S\u00e2mit, Hafsa bint-i \u00d6mer, \u015eif\u00e2 bint-i Abdullah yaz\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmek \u00fczere vazifelendirilen sahabilerdendi. (\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a Giri\u015f <\/i>-Gen\u00e7li\u011fin \u0130sl\u00e2m Bilgisi-, s. 109)<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2limlerinden Fudayl bin Iy\u00e2z<\/b> \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00c2lim, \u00e2mil yani ilmiyle amel eden ve muallim olan ki\u015fi, sem\u00e2v\u00e2t\u0131n melek\u00fbtunda \u00abB\u00fcy\u00fck\u00bb<\/b> diye an\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d (Tirmiz\u00ee, \u0130lim, 19\/2685)<\/p>\n

Bu sebeple m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ilm\u00ee ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara ibadet vecdiyle sar\u0131ld\u0131lar. Okuma-yazma oran\u0131 h\u0131zla artt\u0131. Ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m ve onlardan sonra gelen nesiller ilim i\u00e7in aylarca yolculuk yapt\u0131, y\u0131llarca gurbette kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

\u0130bn-i Abb\u00e2s\u2019\u0131n \u00e2zadl\u0131s\u0131 \u0130krime<\/b> \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Abdullah bin Abb\u00e2s (r.anh\u00fcm\u00e2) bana ve o\u011flu Ali\u2019ye:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u2013Eb\u00fb Sa\u00eed\u2019e gidip ondaki Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019in hadislerini dinleyin!\u201d dedi. Eb\u00fb Sa\u00eed\u2019in yan\u0131na vard\u0131k. O, karde\u015fiyle birlikte bah\u00e7elerini d\u00fczeltiyor ve suluyordu. Bizi g\u00f6r\u00fcnce yan\u0131m\u0131za gelip oturdu ve anlatmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u2026 (Bkz. Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Sal\u00e2t, 63; Cih\u00e2d, 17)<\/p>\n

Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019in torunu Hz. Hasan <\/b>(r.a) kendi \u00e7ocuklar\u0131yla karde\u015finin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 toplay\u0131p \u015f\u00f6yle derdi:<\/p>\n

\u201cYavrular\u0131m! Ye\u011fenlerim! Siz bug\u00fcnk\u00fc insanlar\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerisiniz ancak pek yak\u0131nda di\u011fer insanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckleri durumuna geleceksiniz. \u00d6yleyse mutlaka ilim \u00f6\u011freniniz! \u00d6\u011frendi\u011fi ilmi ezberleyip riv\u00e2yet etmeye g\u00fcc\u00fc yetmeyen de onu yaz\u0131p evine koysun<\/b>!\u201d (D\u00e2rim\u00ee, Mukaddime, 43\/517)<\/p>\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar kurduklar\u0131 veya fethettikleri b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fehirlerde, camilerin yan\u0131na okullar, k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler, hamamlar ve a\u015fevleri in\u015f\u00e2 ettiler. Bu okullarda din\u00ee ilimlerin yan\u0131nda, t\u0131p, co\u011frafya, matematik, astronomi gibi ilimlerin de tahs\u00eeli yap\u0131ld\u0131. Zira namaz ve oru\u00e7 gibi ibadetlerde k\u0131ble ve vakit t\u00e2yini i\u00e7in astronomi, co\u011frafya gibi ilimlere; zek\u00e2t ve m\u00eeras taksiminde kuvvetli bir matemati\u011fe ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019da zikredilen kavimleri ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in de tarih, co\u011frafya gibi ilimleri bilmek zaruridir. Bu sebeple m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar her t\u00fcrl\u00fc faydal\u0131 ilimle me\u015fgul olmu\u015flard\u0131r.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n \u0130lme Hizmetleri<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Tarih boyunca farkl\u0131 yerlerde bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 medeniyet zuhur etmi\u015f, bunlar birbirine tesir etmi\u015f ve birbirinin ilm\u00ee m\u00eeras\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece ilim farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve medeniyetlerin hizmetleriyle daha fazla ilerleme imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulabilmi\u015ftir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar da \u00f6nceki medeniyetlerden ilim alm\u0131\u015f, bunu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tevazu ile ifade etmi\u015f ve \u00f6\u011frendikleri bilgileri geli\u015ftirmek s\u00fbretiyle ilme ve medeniyete m\u00fchim katk\u0131lar sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Robert Briffault<\/b> \u015f\u00f6yle der:<\/p>\n

\u201cAvrupa\u2019n\u0131n ilerleme kaydetti\u011fi her sahada \u0130sl\u00e2m medeniyetinin mutlaka b\u00fcy\u00fck pay\u0131, hissedilir bir tesiri ve kesin bir rol\u00fc olmu\u015ftur.\u201d[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 bu yolda gayrete sevkeden \u00e2mil Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019in:<\/p>\n

\u201cHikmet, m\u00fc\u2019minin yiti\u011fidir, buldu\u011fu yerde onu almaya herkesten daha \u00e7ok hak sahibidir\u201d<\/i>[5]<\/a> hadis-i \u015ferifi olmu\u015ftur. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fckten beri bu anlay\u0131\u015fta yeti\u015ftirilen m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, \u00f6nceki insanlar\u0131n ilm\u00ee miras\u0131n\u0131 toplama hus\u00fbsunda birbirleriyle yar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bir m\u00fcddet sonra d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en m\u00fchim kitaplar\u0131 ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e2limleri \u0130slam \u00fclkelerine akmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar \u00f6nce bu kitaplar\u0131 Arap\u00e7a\u2019ya terc\u00fcme etmi\u015fler, yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltip do\u011frular\u0131n\u0131 kabul ettikten sonra onlardan daha ileri seviyede kitaplar yazm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Mesel\u00e2 kendi zamanlar\u0131na kadar en b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u0131p kitab\u0131 olarak kabul edilen Galen<\/b>\u2019in Anatomi Kitab\u0131<\/i> \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2limleri taraf\u0131ndan terc\u00fcme edildikten sonra muhtevas\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi kabul edilmemi\u015f, \u00fczerinde tetkikler yap\u0131larak i\u00e7indeki yanl\u0131\u015f k\u0131s\u0131mlar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kabul edilmi\u015f ve daha sonra da geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Emir \u00c7elebi,<\/b> Enm\u00fbzec\u00fc\u2019t-T\u0131p <\/i>isimli eserinde, bir m\u00fcellifin daha \u00f6nce yaz\u0131lan eserleri, kendisinden bir \u015fey katmadan oldu\u011fu gibi nakletmesinin do\u011fru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ki\u015finin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 esere kendi tecr\u00fcbelerinin neticelerini de kaydetmesi gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Mesela sakamonya (mahmudiye otu) denilen ilac\u0131n miktar\u0131, gerek iklim, gerekse otun yeti\u015fti\u011fi yer sebebiyle de\u011fi\u015fece\u011finden, bu miktar\u0131 \u0130bn-i S\u00een\u00e2<\/b>\u2019n\u0131n Kanun<\/i> kitab\u0131ndan oldu\u011fu gibi al\u0131p kullanman\u0131n do\u011fru olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6te yandan Antakya sakamonyas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130stanbul\u2019da Basra sakamonyas\u0131 miktar\u0131nca verilmesinin yanl\u0131\u015f neticeler verdi\u011fini ifade eder. (\u015eaban D\u00f6\u011fen, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u0130lim \u00d6nc\u00fcleri Ansiklopedisi,<\/i> s. 132)<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ilimle m\u00fcnasebetleri rastgele de\u011fil son derece \u015fuurlu ve verimlidir.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, Astronomi g\u00f6zlemlerine Ahmed en-Nih\u00e2vend\u00ee<\/b> ile m\u00eel\u00e2d\u00ee 800 senesinde ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Daha sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck rasath\u00e2neler kurdular. Usturlab\u0131 geli\u015ftirip G\u00fcne\u015f, Ay, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar ve \u00f6teki gezegenlerin y\u00fcksekliklerini, zaman\u0131, da\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi ile kuyular\u0131n derinli\u011fini \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fcler. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar neticesinde eski s\u00e2biteler tashih edilip yeni y\u0131ld\u0131z kataloglar\u0131 haz\u0131rland\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok yeni y\u0131ld\u0131z ke\u015ffedildi, eklipti\u011fin meyli yeniden \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc, G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in doruk hareketi g\u00f6zlendi ve s\u00e2bit y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n hareketiyle irtibatland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, gezegenlerin hareketleriyle ilgili di\u011fer m\u00fchim ke\u015fifler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, matemati\u011fin astronomiye uygulan\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yeni metotlar kulland\u0131lar. \u201cKiri\u015fler hesab\u0131\u201d yerine trigonometriyi ve \u201csin\u00fcsler hesab\u0131\u201dn\u0131 kullanarak \u00e7ok daha s\u0131hhatli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlere ula\u015fabildiler. Ayr\u0131ca gezegenlerin hareketiyle al\u00e2kal\u0131 hesaplama tekniklerinde, daha evvel ula\u015f\u0131lan\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6tesinde bir m\u00fckemmelli\u011fe eri\u015ftiler.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar bunun gibi Jeoloji, Mineroloji, Botanik, Zooloji, Matematik, Fizik, Kimya, T\u0131p, Eczac\u0131l\u0131k gibi pek \u00e7ok alanda ke\u015fifler yaparak, bu ilimlerin geli\u015fmesine b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131lar sa\u011flad\u0131lar. Mesel\u00e2 \u0130bn-i S\u00een\u00e2<\/b> (980-1037) 29 farkl\u0131 konudaki ke\u015fifleriyle Avrupal\u0131 ilim adamlar\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck yapan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e2limdir. T\u0131p konusunda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 el-K\u00e2n\u00fbn fi\u2019t-t\u0131p<\/i> kitab\u0131 Avrupa \u00fcniversitelerinde 600 sene ders kitab\u0131 olarak okutulmu\u015ftur. G\u00f6zdeki retina tabakas\u0131n\u0131n fonksiyonundan ilk bahseden \u0130bn-i R\u00fc\u015fd<\/b>\u2019d\u00fcr (1126-1198). Ali bin \u0130sa<\/b>\u2019n\u0131n (XI. as\u0131r) g\u00f6z \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tezkiret\u00fc\u2019l-Kehh\u00e2l\u00een<\/i> isimli eseri, as\u0131rlarca sahas\u0131nda tek kitap olarak kalm\u0131\u015f, Latince, Almanca, Frans\u0131zca gibi dillere terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir. Amm\u00e2r bin Ali <\/b>(XI. as\u0131r), 9 as\u0131r evvel g\u00f6z ameliyat\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f ve katarakt\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 el-M\u00fcntehab f\u00ee il\u00e2ci\u2019l-ayn<\/i> isimli eserinde tafsilat\u0131yla anlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kitap da Latince, Almanca gibi farkl\u0131 dillere terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Optik ilminin kurucusu b\u00fcy\u00fck fizik\u00e7i \u0130bn-i Heysem (Alhazen)<\/b> (965-1051) g\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ke\u015ffetti. Ali bin Abb\u00e2s<\/b> (994) asr\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n modern ameliyatlar\u0131na uygun bir \u015fekilde kanser ameliyat\u0131 yapt\u0131. Onun, Kit\u00e2bu\u2019l-Melik\u00ee<\/i> isimli t\u0131p ansiklopedisi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bile h\u00e2l\u00e2 hayranl\u0131kla incelenmektedir. Ebu\u2019l-K\u00e2s\u0131m ez-Zehr\u00e2v\u00ee <\/b>(963-1013), cerrahl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir ilim h\u00e2line getirdi, 200 kadar ameliyat \u00e2letinin resimlerini \u00e7izdi, neye yarad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve kullan\u0131\u015f \u015fekillerini Tasr\u00eef<\/i> isimli eserinde \u00eez\u00e2h etti. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 1210-1288 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fayan \u0130bn\u00fc\u2019n-Nef\u00ees <\/b>ke\u015ffetti ve bunu \u0130bn-i S\u00een\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n K\u00e2n\u00fbn<\/i> kitab\u0131na yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015ferhte tafsilat\u0131yla anlatt\u0131. Ak\u015femseddin Hazretleri<\/b> (1389-1459) Maddet\u00fc\u2019l-hay\u00e2t<\/i> isimli kitab\u0131nda ilk defa mikroplardan bahsetti.<\/p>\n

Matematikte s\u0131f\u0131r\u2019\u0131 ilk kullanan H\u00e2rizm\u00ee<\/b> (780-850), el-Cebr ve\u2019l-Muk\u00e2bele<\/i> kitab\u0131yla Cebir ilminin temellerini att\u0131. M\u00fbs\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131 <\/b>(IX. as\u0131r), d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7evresini \u00e7ok az bir hata ile \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fcler. Pek \u00e7ok ilim dal\u0131nda ke\u015fifler yapan B\u00eer\u00fbn\u00ee<\/b> (973-1051), d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hem kendi etraf\u0131nda hem de G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ispatlad\u0131, Hindistan\u2019\u0131n Nendene \u015fehri yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar neticesinde yerin \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7meyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Bu mevzuda ortaya koydu\u011fu kanun, Avrupa\u2019da \u201cB\u00eer\u00fbn\u00ee k\u00e2idesi\u201d diye tan\u0131nd\u0131. Batt\u00e2n\u00ee (Albategni),<\/b> 24 saniye farkla G\u00fcne\u015f y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 hesaplad\u0131. \u0130lk u\u00e7u\u015f denemesini \u0130smail Cevher\u00ee<\/b> (950-1010) yapt\u0131. U\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc 880\u2019de \u0130bn-i Firn\u00e2s<\/b> yapt\u0131. Ku\u015f t\u00fcy\u00fc ve kuma\u015f ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131yla uzun s\u00fcre havada kald\u0131 ve s\u00fcz\u00fclerek yere indi. R\u00e2z\u00ee<\/b> (864-925) yer \u00e7ekiminden bahsetti. Kristof Kolomb (1446-1506) Amerika\u2019n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan, bilhassa \u0130bn-i R\u00fc\u015fd<\/b>\u2019\u00fcn (1126-1198) kitaplar\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fini kaydeder. \u0130dris\u00ee<\/b> (1100-1166) 8 as\u0131r evvel, zaman\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n d\u00fcnya haritalar\u0131na benzer haritalar \u00e7izebildi. Dinever\u00ee<\/b> (v. 895) alt\u0131 ciltlik b\u00fcy\u00fck botanik ansiklopedisi Kit\u00e2bu\u2019n-neb\u00e2t<\/i>\u2019\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Bu eserinde bitkilerin sadece d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc tarif etmekle kalm\u0131yor, ayn\u0131 zamanda besleyicilik de\u011ferinden, t\u0131bb\u00ee ve di\u011fer hus\u00fbsiyetlerinden, yeti\u015ftikleri yerlerden bahsediyor ve onlar\u0131 tasnif ediyordu. C\u00e2h\u0131z<\/b> (v. 869) hayvanlar\u0131n hayat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda Kit\u00e2b\u00fc\u2019l-hayev\u00e2n<\/i> ismiyle yedi ciltlik kocaman bir kitap b\u0131rakt\u0131.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bunlar sadece bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u00f6rneklerdir. Zikredilen eserler incelenirse m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ilim konusunda insanl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck hizmetler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ilm\u00ee \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131, Allah\u2019\u0131 daha iyi tan\u0131mak ve kullar\u0131na hizmet etmek s\u00fbretiyle O\u2019nun r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 kazanabilmek i\u00e7in yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla faydas\u0131z ilimle u\u011fra\u015fmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 gibi ilmi insanlar\u0131n zarar\u0131na kullanmaktan da uzak durmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Cat Stevens<\/b> \u015f\u00f6yle der:<\/p>\n

\u201cBug\u00fcn Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan ancak \u00e7ok az bir k\u0131sm\u0131 insanl\u0131\u011fa hitap ediyor. Geri kalan\u0131, belli bir kesimin di\u011ferleri \u00fczerine tahakk\u00fcm\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fcretiliyor. Bug\u00fcn bilimin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n % 5\u2019i insan\u0131n problemlerine \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm getiriyorsa % 95\u2019i tehdit edici y\u00f6nde\u2026\u201d (\u0130sl\u00e2m \u00dczerine Konu\u015fmalar,<\/i> s. 39)<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n
\n
\n

[1]<\/a> \u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Mukaddime, 17.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[2]<\/a> Kalem, 1; Zuhruf, 2; Duh\u00e2n, 2; Lokman, 27; Nis\u00e2, 127; Z\u00fcmer, 1; M\u00fc\u2019min, 2, 67; Bakara, 2, 164, 266; \u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n, 118; En\u2019\u00e2m, 32, 50; R\u00fbm, 8; Y\u00e2s\u00een, 68; C\u00e2siye, 13\u2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[3]<\/a> Prof. Dr. M. Ham\u00eedullah, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a Giri\u015f,<\/i> s. 243-264.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[4]<\/a> Robert Briffault, The Making of Humanity,<\/i> p. 190.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[5]<\/a> Tirmiz\u00ee, \u0130lim, 19\/2687; \u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Z\u00fchd, 15.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[6]<\/a> Prof. Dr. Seyyid H\u00fcseyin Nasr, Islamic Science<\/i> (\u0130slam ve \u0130lim)<\/i>, s. 113-134.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[7]<\/a> Bu konudaki zengin kaynaklar ve misaller i\u00e7in \u015fu eserlere bak\u0131labilir: Prof. Dr. Fuat Sezgin,<\/b> Science et technique en Islam I-V,<\/i> Frankfurt, 2004 (\u0130slam\u2019da Bilim ve Teknik I-V,<\/i> Ankara 2007) ve di\u011fer kitaplar\u0131; Prof. Dr. Seyyid H\u00fcseyin Nasr,<\/b> Islamic Science, An Illustrated Study,<\/i> World of Islam Festival Pub. Co. Ltf., England, 1976 (\u0130slam ve \u0130lim<\/i>, \u0130stanbul 1989); Dr. Sigrid Hunke,<\/b> Allahs Sone \u00fcber dem Abendland-Unser Arabischen Erbe,<\/i> Germany 1960 (Avrupan\u0131n \u00dczerine Do\u011fan \u0130SLAM G\u00dcNE\u015e\u0130,<\/i> \u0130stanbul 1991); Prof. Dr. M. Ham\u00eedullah,<\/b> \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a Giri\u015f,<\/i> s. 243-264; http:\/\/www.1001inventions<\/b>.com; Carra de Vaux,<\/b> Les Penseure de l\u2019Islam,<\/i> Paris 1923; Avicenne, <\/i>Paris 1900; Prof. Dr. Mehmet Bayraktar,<\/b> \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da Bilim ve Teknoloji Tarihi, <\/i>Ankara 1985; Ahmet G\u00fcrkan,<\/b> \u0130sl\u00e2m K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn Garb\u0131 Medenile\u015ftirmesi,<\/i> \u0130stanbul 1969.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n bug\u00fcne kadar \u201cilim\u201d ile bir ihtilaf\u0131 veya \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m, ilmi yasaklamak bir tarafa bil\u00e2kis ona en kuvvetli bir \u015fekilde te\u015fvik etmi\u015f ve ilim \u00f6\u011frenmeyi her m\u00fcsl\u00fcmana farz k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[1]… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4284","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ebedikurtulusyolu"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3G27m-176","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4284","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4284"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4284\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7348,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4284\/revisions\/7348"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4284"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4284"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4284"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}