\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0650\u0630\u0652 \u0627\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0645\u06ea\u064a\u062b\u064e\u0627\u0642\u064e \u0628\u064e\u0646\u06ea\u064a\u06e4 \u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0627\u06e4\u0621\u06ea\u064a\u0644\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0628\u064f\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0670\u0647\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650\u062f\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0650\u062d\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064f\u0631\u0652\u0628\u0670\u0649 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0670\u0649 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0643\u06ea\u064a\u0646\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0633\u0650 \u062d\u064f\u0633\u0652\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u064e\u0642\u06ea\u064a\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0670\u0648\u0629\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0627\u0670\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064e\u0651\u0643\u0670\u0648\u0629\u064e \u062b\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0651 \u062a\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0627\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0642\u064e\u0644\u06ea\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0648\u064e\u0627\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0636\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \ufd3f83\ufd3e<\/p>\n
83. \u201cHani biz, \u0130srailo\u011fullar\u0131\u2019ndan; \u00abSadece Allah\u2019a kulluk edeceksiniz, ana-babaya, akrabaya, yetimlere, yoksullara iyilikte bulunacaks\u0131n\u0131z!\u00bb diye s\u00f6z alm\u0131\u015f ve \u00ab\u0130nsanlara g\u00fczel s\u00f6z s\u00f6yleyin, namaz\u0131 hakk\u0131yla k\u0131l\u0131n, zek\u00e2t\u0131 verin!\u00bb diye emretmi\u015ftik. Sonra <\/b>(ey \u0130sr\u00e2ilo\u011fullar\u0131) sizden pek az\u0131 m\u00fcstesna, s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fczden d\u00f6nd\u00fcn\u00fcz ve h\u00e2l\u00e2 y\u00fcz \u00e7evirmeye devam ediyorsunuz.\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n
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Tefsir:<\/b><\/p>\n
Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Med\u00eene-i M\u00fcnevvere\u2019ye hicret edince orada ilk def\u00e2 yah\u00fbdilerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Med\u00eene\u2019deki yah\u00fbdiler, z\u00e2limlik ve k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131klar\u0131 sebebiyle Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fiddetli bir d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa kalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar ve \u00e7e\u015fitli entrikalar \u00e7evirdiler. Bu sebeple Bakara s\u00fbresi; yah\u00fbdilerin durumu, sorular\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n taraf\u0131n\u0131 tutan m\u00fcn\u00e2f\u0131klarla, ibadet ve mu\u00e2mel\u00e2ta d\u00e2ir h\u00fck\u00fcmler etraf\u0131nda \u015fekillenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak, ba\u015fta um\u00fbm\u00ee olarak b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a d\u00e2vet ettikten sonra, hus\u00fbsiyle \u0130sr\u00e2ilo\u011fullar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 d\u00e2vete b\u00fcy\u00fck ehemmiyet vermi\u015ftir. Neredeyse s\u00fbrenin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan geni\u015f bir b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Ben\u00ee \u0130sr\u00e2il\u2019e bazen nimetlerini, bazen verdikleri s\u00f6zleri, bazen \u00e2hireti ve azab\u0131 hat\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015f, zaman zaman \u00f6\u011f\u00fct ve tavsiyelerde bulunmu\u015f, peygamberleriyle aralar\u0131nda ge\u00e7en h\u00e2diseleri zikretmi\u015f, onlara verdi\u011fi f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 ve yapt\u0131klar\u0131 isyanlar\u0131 defalarca affetti\u011fini dile getirmi\u015ftir. Yine, i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckleri isy\u00e2n ve sap\u0131kl\u0131klardan ve bunlar\u0131n neticesinde zaman zaman ibret olsun diye u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 cez\u00e2lardan bahsetmi\u015ftir. Yeri geldik\u00e7e Allah ve \u00e2hiretle ilgili yanl\u0131\u015f iddialar\u0131na susturucu cevaplar vermi\u015f ve onlar\u0131 insafl\u0131 davranarak hakk\u0131 kabule d\u00e2vet etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n yah\u00fbdiler hakk\u0131nda bu kadar \u00e7ok bilgi vermesinin sebebi, onlar\u0131n mukaddes kitaplar\u0131 Tevrat\u2019\u0131 tahrif etmeleri ve Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019in hak peygamber oldu\u011funu bildikleri h\u00e2lde bunu gizleyip yalan yanl\u0131\u015f hezeyanlarda bulunmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem, Bakara s\u00fbresinde, evvel\u00e2 \u0130srailo\u011fullar\u0131\u2019na tuttuklar\u0131 yolun yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tafsilatl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde beyan ettikten sonra, t\u00e2kip etmeleri gereken yolu g\u00f6stermi\u015f ve \u0130sl\u00e2m ahk\u00e2m\u0131n\u0131 anlatmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u0131pk\u0131, tarlas\u0131yla me\u015fgul olan bir \u00e7ift\u00e7i gibi\u2026 \u00c7ift\u00e7i, tohumunu ekmeden yahut elindeki fideyi dikmeden evvel, tarlas\u0131ndaki dikenleri ve zararl\u0131 otlar\u0131 temizler. Hikmetle hareket eden bir d\u00e2v\u00e2 adam\u0131 da \u00f6nce, ruhlar\u0131 b\u00e2t\u0131l ve fesattan vazge\u00e7irmeli, sonra hak ve hid\u00e2yet yoluna sevketmelidir. Y\u00e2ni def-i mefsedet, celb-i menfaatten evl\u00e2d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu konular\u0131 i\u015flerken, insan\u0131 hayran b\u0131rakan mucizev\u00ee \u00fcslubuyla, bazen yah\u00fbdilere do\u011frudan hitap eder, bazen s\u00f6z\u00fc g\u0131yaplar\u0131nda devam ettirir, bazen de aralarda m\u00fc\u2019minlere hitap ederek tavsiyelerde bulunur. B\u00f6ylece \u00e2henkli ve hareketli bir \u00fcsl\u00fbb ile insanlar\u0131 s\u0131kmadan en m\u00fchim mes\u2019eleleri anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n
83.<\/b> Bu \u00e2yette hitap, ba\u015fta oldu\u011fu gibi yeniden \u0130srailo\u011fullar\u0131\u2019na y\u00f6neltilmi\u015f, do\u011fru yoldan sapma\u00adlar\u0131na yeni \u00f6rnekler verilmi\u015f ve atalar\u0131n\u0131n isy\u00e2n\u0131 \u00fczere devam ettiklerine dikkat \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir. H\u00e2l-i haz\u0131rdaki yah\u00fbdilerin k\u00f6t\u00fc vas\u0131flar\u0131ndan bahsedilerek, onlar\u0131n \u00e7irkin i\u015fleri ve s\u00f6zleri muhtelif vesilelerle beyan edilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6yle ki, art\u0131k onlar\u0131n \u00eeman edece\u011fine kimsenin \u00fcm\u00eedi kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu s\u00fbrede say\u0131lan k\u00f6t\u00fc vas\u0131flar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 muhatap al\u0131nan yah\u00fbdilere mahsus iken, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da atalar\u0131yla, hristiyan ve putperestler aras\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015fterektir.<\/p>\n
\u00c2yet-i ker\u00eemedeki ifadeler haber \u015feklinde gelmekle birlikte, taleb ve emir m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131 ihtiv\u00e2 etmektedir. Bu \u015fekilde \u201cyapmazs\u0131n\u0131z\u201d deyip \u201cyapmay\u0131n\u201d m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131 kastetmek, daha tesirli ve tekitli bir \u00fcsluptur.<\/p>\n
\u00c2yette ifade edilen ve yah\u00fbdilerden m\u00ees\u00e2k al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirilen maddeler, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n da esaslar\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcmleri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. (Bkz. Nis\u00e2, 36; En\u2018\u00e2m, 151-153; \u0130sr\u00e2, 23-39; Tirmiz\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer, 17\/3144; Nes\u00e2\u00ee, Tahr\u00eem\u00fc\u2019d-Dem, 18\/4075)<\/p>\n
\u201cSadece Allah\u2019a ibadet etme\u201d<\/b> emri asl\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlara \u00e2ittir ve onlar bunun i\u00e7in yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. (Enbiy\u00e2, 25; Nahl, 36) Allah\u2019a \u00e2it olan bu hak, haklar\u0131n en \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc ve en azametlisidir. Sonra mahl\u00fbk\u00e2t\u0131n hakk\u0131 gelir. Yarat\u0131klar i\u00e7inde ise en m\u00fchim hak, anne-baba<\/b>ya \u00e2ittir. Bu sebeple Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n pek \u00e7ok yerinde ve hadislerde Allah\u2019\u0131n hakk\u0131 olan \u201c\u015firk ko\u015fmamak\u201dtan hemen sonra anne-baba hakk\u0131 zikredilir. Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak bizi yaratm\u0131\u015f, anne-babam\u0131z da d\u00fcnyaya gelmemize v\u00e2s\u0131ta olmu\u015f, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ihtimamla bizi b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcp terbiye etmi\u015ftir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, \u00e2limlerin ekseriyeti, k\u00e2fir bile olsa, \u015firk ko\u015fmay\u0131 emretmedi\u011fi m\u00fcddet\u00e7e, anne-babaya h\u00fcrmet ve itaat etmenin zar\u00fbr\u00ee oldu\u011fu hususunda ittifak etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
Anne-babadan sonra akrabaya iyilik<\/b> gelir. Dinimiz s\u0131la-i rahim denilen akraba ile m\u00fcn\u00e2sebetleri devam ettirip onlara yard\u0131mda bulunmay\u0131 \u0131srarla te\u015fvik etmi\u015f ve bu konuda vazge\u00e7ilmez haklar ve mesuliyetler koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Yetimler<\/b>, kendilerine bakacak babalar\u0131 olmayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklard\u0131r. Yetimlere iyilik ve yard\u0131mda bulunmak \u00e7ok m\u00fchim bir ictim\u00e2\u00ee ibadettir. Bu sebeple pek \u00e7ok \u00e2yet ve hadiste insanlar yetimlere bakmaya te\u015fvik edilirler.<\/p>\n
Yoksullar<\/b> ise, kendileri ve \u00e2ileleri i\u00e7in harcayacak bir \u015fey bulamayan ki\u015filerdir. Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak, yoksullara en g\u00fczel \u015fekilde mu\u00e2mele etmeyi, onlara iyilik ve ihsanlarda bulunmay\u0131 emretmektedir.<\/p>\n
Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak, daha sonra insanlara g\u00fczel ve istifade edilecek s\u00f6z s\u00f6ylemeyi, yumu\u015fak ve tatl\u0131 bir lisanla konu\u015fmay\u0131, ince, kibar ve n\u00e2zik olmay\u0131, m\u00e2rufu emredip m\u00fcnkerden nehyetmeyi, insanlar\u0131n kusurlar\u0131n\u0131 affedip olabildi\u011fince m\u00fcsamahal\u0131 davranmay\u0131 emretmektedir.<\/p>\n
Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak, insanlara ihs\u00e2n ile yani iyilikle mu\u00e2mele etmeyi emrettikten sonra, yine insanlara g\u00fczel s\u00f6z s\u00f6ylemeyi emrederek fiil\u00ee ve kavl\u00ee iyili\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ten\u00e2s\u00fcp\/uyum i\u00e7inde bir araya getirmi\u015ftir. Yani insan hem lis\u00e2n\u0131yla hem de fiilleriyle ihsan \u00fczere olmal\u0131, devaml\u0131 iyilik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp iyilik konu\u015fmal\u0131 ve herkese g\u00fczel mu\u00e2mele etmelidir. Daha sonra \u00e2yette, Allah\u2019a ibadetle insanlara iyilik mevz\u00fblar\u0131 birer misalle m\u00fc\u015fahhas h\u00e2le getirilerek namaz\u0131n ik\u00e2me edilmesi ve zek\u00e2t\u0131n verilmesi emredilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2, Ben\u00ee \u0130sr\u00e2il\u2019den bu \u015fekilde ahd alm\u0131\u015f, ancak onlar, pek az\u0131 h\u00e2ri\u00e7 s\u00f6zlerinden d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Sonradan gelen yahudiler de atalar\u0131n\u0131n izini t\u00e2kip ederek ayn\u0131 isyan h\u00e2lini devam ettirdikleri i\u00e7in, hitap onlara y\u00f6neltilerek; \u201cS\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fczden d\u00f6nd\u00fcn\u00fcz!\u201d<\/b> buyrulmu\u015f ve ge\u00e7mi\u015flerin yanl\u0131\u015f davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 bunlara da nisbet edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
En son gelen ve \u201cs\u00fcb\u00fbt\u201da del\u00e2let eden isim c\u00fcmlesiyle de yah\u00fbdilerin, atalar\u0131 gibi s\u00f6zlerinden d\u00f6nmeye devam ettikleri ve bu k\u00f6t\u00fc davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e2det h\u00e2line getirdikleri ifade edilmektedir. (Zemah\u015fer\u00ee, I, 78; \u00c2l\u00fbs\u00ee, I, 310)<\/p>\n
Hatta yah\u00fbdiler insanlara verdikleri s\u00f6zlerden d\u00f6nd\u00fckleri gibi do\u011frudan do\u011fruya kendi hayatlar\u0131yla al\u00e2kal\u0131 s\u00f6zleri hus\u00fbsunda da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde davranmaktad\u0131rlar. Bunu bey\u00e2n sadedinde \u015f\u00f6yle buyrulur:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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