Mehmed Efendi\u2019nin bizi ilgilendiren en m\u00fchim eseri Terc\u00fcme-i Tiby\u00e2n<\/i> adl\u0131 tefs\u00eeridir.<\/p>\n
Bu tefs\u00eer H\u0131dr b. Abdurrahman el-Ezd\u00ee\u2019nin (v. 773)[1]<\/a> \u201cet-Tiby\u00e2n f\u00ee Tefs\u00eeri\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u201d<\/i> isimli Arap\u00e7a tefs\u00eerinin il\u00e2velerle birlikte T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye tercemesidir. Arap\u00e7a asl\u0131n\u0131n telif tarihi h. 773\u2019t\u00fcr. Tercemeyi 1110\/1698 tarihinde yapan Ay\u0131ntapl\u0131 Muhammed Efendi\u2019dir. \u201cMuhammed Tefs\u00eer\u00ee\u201d unvan\u0131yla tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tefs\u00eerinin mukaddimesinde, Ay\u0131ntap ve Sivas\u2019ta ilimle me\u015fgul oldu\u011funu, \u0130stanbul\u2019a gel\u00addi\u011fi zaman o devrin \u015eeyh\u00fclislam\u0131 Mink\u00e2r\u00eezade Yah\u00adya Efendi\u2019nin[2]<\/a> delaletiyle padi\u015fah ile temas etti\u011fini ve bundan sonra Tefs\u00eer-i Tiby\u00e2n<\/i>\u2019\u0131 terceme edip iki y\u0131lda tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, iki n\u00fcsha olarak yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, birini h\u00fck\u00fcmdara takdim ettikten sonra di\u011ferini de halk\u0131n okumas\u0131 i\u00e7in vakfetti\u011fini kaydetmektedir.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tefs\u00eer\u00ee Mehmed Efendi, eserin d\u00eeb\u00e2cesinde Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019in beli\u011f ifadelerini ve fasih manalar\u0131n\u0131 hakk\u0131yla anlayabilmek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli ilimleri ve fenleri liyakatl\u0131 \u00e2limlerden iyi derecede \u00f6\u011frenmek gerekti\u011fini ve bu ilimler ve bunlara dair temel eserleri 40 y\u0131l<\/b> gibi uzun bir s\u00fcre gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz m\u00fctalaa etmek laz\u0131m geldi\u011fini, ancak bu \u015fekilde Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 anlayabilecek bir meleke kazan\u0131labilece\u011fini ifade etmektedir:<\/p>\n \u00a0\u201cZam\u00e2ir-i erb\u00e2b-\u0131 fudal\u00e2 ve hav\u00e2t\u0131r-\u0131 ashab-\u0131 ulema olan ihvan-\u0131 m\u00fc\u2019min\u00een ve hall\u00e2n-\u0131 m\u00fcslimine mahfi de\u011fildir ki elfaz-\u0131 bela\u011fat-\u0131 Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n ma\u00e2ni-i fes\u00e2hat-unvan\u0131na tasil-i \u0131tt\u0131la itmek evvela ulum-u m\u00fctenevvia ve f\u00fcnun-u m\u00fcteaddidenin tekmiline mevkufdur ki hatta istihraca meleke-i ras\u0131hanla ve mevkufun aleyh olan tertib-i n\u00fcshalar\u0131n\u0131 ala meratibihim zamanlar\u0131nda bulunan \u00fcstadlardan ahze m\u00fcdavemet ve leyl \u00fc nehar tedrise m\u00fclazemet itmekle akal mertebe k\u0131rk senede<\/b> b\u0131daa-i meleke h\u00e2s\u0131l olur\u201d[3]<\/a><\/p>\n Nitekim kendisi de bu terc\u00fcmeyi yapmadan \u00f6nce do\u011fum yeri olan Ay\u0131ntab ve daha sonra gitti\u011fi Sivas illerinde ve daha nice \u015fehirlerde bulunan \u00e2limlerin derslerine devam etmi\u015f 40 y\u0131l boyunca ilmini tekmile gayret sarfetmi\u015ftir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlardan sonra uzun y\u0131llar tefs\u00eer dersleri okutmu\u015f, Padi\u015fah\u0131n huzurunda yap\u0131lan ve bu nedenle de \u201cHuzur Dersleri\u201d<\/b> diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan um\u00fbmiyetle Beyd\u00e2v\u00ee Tefs\u00eeri<\/i> \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yap\u0131lan ilmi tart\u0131\u015fmalara kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Derslerdeki kalitesini g\u00f6rmesi ve \u015eeyhulislam Minkarizade Yahya Efendi\u2019nin medh etmesi \u00fczerine Padi\u015fah, Tefs\u00eeri Mehmed Efendi\u2019ye hazineden d\u00f6rt cilt tefs\u00eer ve on aded l\u00fcgat kitab\u0131 vererek T\u00fcrk\u00e7e tefs\u00eer yazmakla vaz\u00eefelendirdi. Mehmed Efendi, Tiby\u00e2n<\/i> tefs\u00eerine a\u015final\u0131\u011f\u0131 fazla oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu tefs\u00eeri esas alarak di\u011fer tefs\u00eerlerden de istifadeyle bu eserini meydana getirmi\u015f ve Terceme-i Tefs\u00eer-i Tiby\u00e2n <\/i>ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. Bu eseri kaleme al\u0131rken ba\u015fta Beyd\u00e2v\u00ee<\/i> olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer m\u00fcfessirlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine yer vermi\u015f bilhassa ahk\u00e2m \u00e2yelerinin tefs\u00eerlerinde f\u0131kh\u00ee meselelerin izahlar\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130mtisalen lil-ev\u00e2miri, el me\u2019muru ma\u2019z\u00fbrun<\/i> denil\u00fcb der\u2019akab mevcud hazineden d\u00f6rt cild tef\u00e2sir ve on adet k\u00fct\u00fcb-\u00fc l\u00fc\u011fat ihrac olunub bu m\u00fctercim-i fakire ihsan-\u0131 h\u00fcmayun olundukta evvelen Tefs\u00eer-i Tiby\u00e2n<\/i> ve K\u00e2d\u00ee Beyz\u00e2v\u00ee<\/i>\u2019yi m\u00fctalaam\u0131z\u0131n kesreti olmakla an\u0131n arabi tabirinden h\u00e2s\u0131l manay-\u0131 \u015ferifi tab\u0131kat\u00fc\u2019n-na\u2019li bi\u2019n-na\u2019l T\u00fcrk\u00ee\u2019ye tebdil ve ondan ziyade mecm\u00fb-u ehl-i te\u2019vilat\u0131n bahisleri iktiza iden \u00e2yet-i kerimede ihtimam ve laz\u0131m gelen mes\u00e2il-i f\u0131kh-\u0131 \u015ferifi dahi m\u00fcnasebetiyle zikred\u00fcb kendi hatt\u0131m ile tahririne de bed\u2019 ve iki senede iki cildini tamam yazub birini padi\u015fahumuza Eb\u00fcl-feth ve\u2019l-me\u011fazi Sultan Muhammed el-Gazi hazretlerine ve birini sair havas ve av\u00e2ma vakf eyledikde Terceme-i Tiby\u00e2n<\/i> deyu tesmiye k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131.\u201d[4]<\/a><\/p>\n Bu ifadelerden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere m\u00fcellif bu tefs\u00eerini Osmanl\u0131 padi\u015fahlar\u0131ndan IV. Mehmed\u2019e takdim etmi\u015ftir. Dibacesinin sonunda, eserinin hata ve noksanlardan uzak olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek erbab-\u0131 ilmi bulduklar\u0131 hatalar\u0131 d\u00fczeltme iyili\u011finde bulunmaya davet etmektedir.<\/p>\n Bu eserin k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerimizde bir\u00e7ok yazma n\u00fcshalar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. (Vel\u00eey\u00fcddin No: 129, S\u00fcleymaniye\u2019de ise bir\u00e7ok yazma n\u00fcsha vard\u0131r.) Bug\u00fcne kadar muhtelif bask\u0131lar\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n a)<\/b> Terceme-i Tefs\u00eer-i Tiby\u00e2n<\/i>, Arap harfleriyle dokuz kez bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 4 cilt, K\u00e2hire 1257\/1841-1842, 1849, 1866-1867 (\u0130stanbul, Matbaa-i Sultaniye), 1875, 1890-1891, 1891, 1899-1900, 1902-1903, 1905- 1906.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0aa- Tefs\u00eer-i Tiby\u00e2n<\/i> (Bulak h.1257\/m.1841.) \u0130ki cilttir:<\/p>\n Cilt 1: \u00e2yetler parantez aras\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve \u00fczerine ince bir \u00e7izgi \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir. Harekesizdir. Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan S\u00fbre-i isran\u0131n sonuna kadard\u0131r. Ba\u015f taraf\u0131nda s\u00fcrelerin bir fihristi vard\u0131r. 496 sayfad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Cilt 2: S\u00fbre-i Kehf\u2019den Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n sonuna kadar\u00add\u0131r. 398 sayfad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu cildin sonuna M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da Bulak Matbaas\u0131nda[5]<\/a> 1259 tarihinde tab\u2019edilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu Arap\u00e7a ibare ile dercedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ab- Tiby\u00e2n Tefs\u00eeri<\/i> (Matbaa-i sultaniye. \u0130stanbul h. 1290.) D\u00f6rt cilttir :<\/p>\n Cilt 1: M\u00fctercimin d\u00eebacesi ile ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Tefs\u00eer\u00ee Mehmed Efendi, kendi hayat\u0131ndan ve tefs\u00eeri terceme edi\u015finden bahsediyor. Kur\u2019\u00f6n\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan S\u00fbre-i M\u00e2ide\u2019nin sonuna ka\u00addard\u0131r. 522 sayfad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Cilt 2: S\u00fcre i En\u2019am\u2019dan S\u00fbre-i \u0130sra\u2019n\u0131n sonuna kadard\u0131r. 466 sayfad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Cilt 3: S\u00fbre-i Kehif\u2019den S\u00fcre-i Melaike (Fat\u0131r) nin sonuna kadard\u0131r. 418 sayfad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Cilt 4: S\u00fbre-i Y\u00e2-S\u00een\u2019den Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n sonuna kadar\u00add\u0131r. Bu cildin sonundaki hatimede, yazar\u0131n Mehemmed Tefs\u00eer\u00ee Efendi oldu\u011fu ve h. 1290\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019da Matbaat\u00fc\u2019s-Sultaniyye\u2019de bas\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaydedilmi\u015ftir. 405 sayfad\u0131r. \u00c2yetler harekesizdir ve parantez aras\u0131na al\u0131narak \u00fczerlerine birer \u00e7izgi \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n ac- Tefs\u00eer-i Tiby\u00e2n, 1307, Matbaay-\u0131 Osmaniye, d\u00f6rt cilttir.<\/p>\n Cilt 1: Ba\u015ftan M\u00e2ide s\u00fbresinin sonuna kadar olup 487 sayfad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Cilt 2: En\u2019am S\u00fcresinden \u0130sra S\u00fbresinin sonuna kadard\u0131r. 435 sayfad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Cilt 3: Kehif s\u00fbresinden Melaike (Fat\u0131r) s\u00fbresinin sonuna kadard\u0131r. 390 sayfad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Cilt 4: Y\u00e2-S\u00een s\u00fbresinden Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n sonuna kadar\u00add\u0131r. 379 sayfad\u0131r.<\/p>\n ad- Tefs\u00eer-i Tiby\u00e2n (Ahter Matbaas\u0131, \u0130stanbul h.1317.) Bu tefs\u00eerin sahife kenarlar\u0131na Tefs\u00eer-i Mev\u00e2kib bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00f6rt cilttir.<\/p>\n Cilt 1: Bu ciltte ba\u015f tarafda verilen izahatta Ferruh Efendi\u2019nin Mev\u00e2kib tefs\u00eeri de k\u0131ymetli bir eser oldu\u011fundan sahife kenarlar\u0131na dercedildi\u011fi kaydedil\u00admi\u015ftir. \u00c2yetler parantez aras\u0131nda ve harekesizdir. Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n bas\u0131ndan S\u00fbre-i M\u00e2ide\u2019ye kadard\u0131r. 370 sayfad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Cilt 2\u00a0: S\u00fbre-i En\u2019am\u2019dan S\u00fbre-i Esra\u2019n\u0131n sonuna kadard\u0131r 357 sayfad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Cilt 3: S\u00fbre-i Kehif\u2019den S\u00fcre-i Melakie (Fat\u0131r) nin sonuna kadard\u0131r. 304 sayfad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Cilt 4: S\u00fbre-i Y\u00e2-S\u00een\u2019den Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n sonuna ka\u00addard\u0131r. 317 sayfad\u0131r.<\/p>\n b)<\/b> \u0130ki kez de Latin harfleriyle bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Kerim Meali ve Tefs\u00eeri, Tiby\u00e2n S\u00fcleyman Fahir taraf\u0131ndan latinize edilmi\u015f ve sadele\u015ftirilmi\u015f. 4 cilt. \u0130stanbul, 1956-1957, S\u00fcleyman Fahir, Tiby\u00e2n \u00e7evirisinin dilinin yenilenmesi. Yeni bask\u0131 Ahmed Davudo\u011flu taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. 4 cilt. Sa\u011flam Kitabevi \u0130stanbul, 1980-1981.<\/p>\n ba- S\u00fcleyman Fahir taraf\u0131ndan Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem Meali ve Tefs\u00eeri (Tiby\u00e2n tefs\u00eeri) ad\u0131yla B\u00fct\u00fcn Kitabevi, \u0130stanbul 1956\u2019da bas\u0131lan eser 4 cilttir. Latin hafleri ile ve bug\u00fcnki dile \u00e7evrilen \u015feklidir. Na\u015fir mukaddimesinde daha ba\u015fka tefs\u00eerlerden de istifade edilerek eserin daha m\u00fckemmel bir \u015fekle konuldu\u011funu belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019in metni k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131t\u2019ada sayfalar halinde T\u00fcrk\u00e7e terc\u00fcmenin aralar\u0131na konulmu\u015ftur. \u00c2yetler numaral\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca terc\u00fcmeden <\/b>evvel \u00e2yet\u00adler latin harfleriyle de yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her sayfa ba\u015f\u0131nda c\u00fcz ve s\u00fbre numaras\u0131 ve s\u00fbrenin ad\u0131 kaydedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Cilt 1: Ba\u015fdan Maide s\u00fcresinin sonuna kadar, 320 sayfa.<\/p>\n Cilt 2: En\u2019am s\u00fcresinden Hicr s\u00fcresinin sonu\u00adna kadar, 320\u2019den <\/b>608. sayfaya kadar.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cilt 3: Nahl s\u00fcresinden Lokman s\u00fcresinin so\u00adnuna kadar, 611\u2019den 903\u2019e kadar.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cilt 4: Secde s\u00fcresinden Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n sonuna ka\u00addar, 907 – 1295. Sonuna firhrist ilave edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n bb- Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem Meali ve Tefs\u00eeri (Tiby\u00e2n Tefs\u00eeri) ;<\/p>\n Sadele\u015ftiren: S\u00fcleyman Fahir Yeniden Bas\u0131ma Haz\u0131rlayan; Ahmet Davudo\u011flu<\/p>\n D\u00f6rt cilttir.<\/p>\n \u00a0S\u00fbreler <\/b>ve \u00e2yetler numaral\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c2yet metinleri \u00e7e\u015fitli uzunlukta ve yeri geldik\u00e7e T\u00fcrk\u00e7e metnin aras\u0131na konulmu\u015ftur. Her cildin sonunda o cildin fihristi ve konular\u0131n indeksi konul\u00admu\u015ftur. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ve son cildin nihayetine maddeler indeksinden sonra, s\u00fbrelerin Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019deki s\u0131ralar\u0131na g\u00f6re fihristi ve ayr\u0131ca s\u00fcrelerin alfabe s\u0131ras\u0131na g\u00f6re bir fihristi ilave edilmi\u015ftir. 1. Cilt 448, 2. cilt 423, 3. cilt 512, 4. cilt 592 sayfad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Mehmed Efendi\u2019nin tefs\u00eeri mufassal bir tefs\u00eerdir. \u00c2yetlerin tefs\u00eerini yaparken ihtilaflar ve farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler \u00fczerinde geni\u015f\u00e7e durmaktad\u0131r. \u00c2yetlerle ilgili rivayetleri hemen hemen tamamen verdi\u011fi gibi tefs\u00eerin aralar\u0131na s\u0131k s\u0131k ariflerin s\u00f6zlerinden, menk\u0131belerinden ve g\u00fczel, ibretli hik\u00e2yelerden katmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum kitaba bir ak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve renklilik sa\u011flamakla birlikte hacmini de olduk\u00e7a geni\u015fletmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle daha sonralar\u0131 bu eserin uzun oldu\u011fu, kolayca ele al\u0131n\u0131p okunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u015fik\u00e2yetler zuhur etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her\u015feye ra\u011fmen Tiby\u00e2n Terc\u00fcmesi, <\/i>Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n ilim d\u00fcnya-s\u0131na damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmu\u015f herkes taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131r olmu\u015f bir eserdir. Bir s\u00fbrenin veya \u00e2yetin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e terc\u00fcmesini kullanmak isteyen kimselerin bir\u00e7o\u011fu kaynak g\u00f6stermek s\u00fbretiyle bu terc\u00fcmeyi kullam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bunun misallerini s\u00fbre tefs\u00eer ve terc\u00fcmeleri k\u0131sm\u0131nda g\u00f6rece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n
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