Muhammed \u015eakir, M. Hasan Mahluf el-Adevi, Mahmut \u015eeltut, M. Mustafa el-Mera\u011fi gibi \u00e2limler, terc\u00fcmeyle Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n tam olarak yans\u0131t\u0131lam\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, pek \u00e7ok hususiyetinin kaybolaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bununla beraber Tefs\u00eeri terc\u00fcme tarz\u0131nda \u00e7evrilmesinde bir beis olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hatta bunun gerekli oldu\u011funu ifade etmi\u015flerdir. Bilhassa Mera\u011fi, serdetti\u011fi delillerle ve f\u0131khi kaynaklara istinad ederek Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fka dillere terc\u00fcmesinin zaruretini \u0131srarla belirtmi\u015ftir. \u0130mdi burada iki taraf\u0131n da delillerini g\u00f6relim:<\/p>\n
\u00a0A- Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019i terc\u00fcme etmenin zaruri oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyenlerin delilleri<\/p>\n
1-Akl\u00ee deliller<\/i><\/p>\n
a-Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n tebli\u011fi ve ne\u015fri i\u00e7in terc\u00fcme zaruruidir.<\/p>\n
b-Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in terc\u00fcme zaruruidir.<\/p>\n
c-Hid\u00c2yet kayna\u011f\u0131 olan Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019dan istifade edebilmek i\u00e7in terc\u00fcme edilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
d-Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n do\u011fru anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in terc\u00fcme edilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
2-Nakli deliller<\/i><\/p>\n
a- Kitab<\/i><\/p>\n
aa-Kur\u2019\u00e2n b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131 muhatab almaktad\u0131r. Ey insanlar <\/i>diye bir\u00e7ok hitab vard\u0131r. M\u00fc\u2019minler, ehl-\u0131 kitaba, yahudilere, m\u00fc\u015friklere, kafirlere, sabiilere, mecusilere vb. bir \u00e7ok \u00f6zel hitablar da mevcuttur.<\/p>\n
ab-Kur\u2019\u00e2n, t\u00fcm insanlara tebli\u011fde bulunmay\u0131 m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara emretmi\u015ftir. \u201cBu <\/b>(Kur\u2019\u00e2n) insanlar bununla uyar\u0131ls\u0131nlar\u2026 diye onlara g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f bir tebli\u011fdir.\u201d<\/b>[1]<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n ac-Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n insanlar i\u00e7in hid\u00e2yet, \u015fifa ve rahmet kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirten \u00e2yetler.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n ad-Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019da her\u015feyin insanlar i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten \u00e2yetler.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n ae-Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar i\u00e7in bir \u00f6\u011f\u00fct, uyar\u0131c\u0131 ve m\u00fcjdeci oldu\u011funu belirten \u00e2yetler.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n af-\u00dcmmet-i Muhammed\u2019in \u015fahid ve hakim k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131. [5]<\/a><\/p>\n ag-Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n manas\u0131 \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi emreden \u00e2yetler.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n ah- \u0130nsanlar bize kitap gelmedi diye itiraza haklar\u0131 olmas\u0131n diye.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n ai- Her millete mutlaka bir el\u00e7i g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n aj- Araplara yabanc\u0131 dilde bir Kur\u2019\u00e2n m\u0131?[9]<\/a><\/p>\n b-S\u00fcnnet.<\/i><\/p>\n ba-Hazret-i Peygamberin b\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f olmas\u0131.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n bb-Benden \u00f6\u011frendiklerinizi ba\u015fkalar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n bc-Hz. Peygamber\u2019in diplomatik mektuplar\u0131.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n bd- Hz. Peygamber\u2019in Araplar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndakilerle ili\u015fkileri.<\/p>\n be-Hz. Peygamber\u2019in Zeyd\u2019e yabanc\u0131 dil \u00f6\u011frenmesini emretmesi.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n bf-F\u00e2tiha S\u00fbresinin Fas\u00e7a terc\u00fcmesini tasvib etmesi.[14]<\/a><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B-Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n terc\u00fcmesini gereksiz g\u00f6renler ise \u015funlar\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrmektedirler:<\/p>\n 1-Kur\u2019\u00e2n apa\u00e7\u0131k Arap\u00e7a bir eserdir.[15]<\/a><\/p>\n 2-Kur\u2019\u00e2n mu\u2019ciz Arap\u00e7a laf\u0131zlardan ibarettir.<\/p>\n 3-Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n terc\u00fcmesi ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmadan m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olanlar da var ve hatta bunlar\u0131n oran\u0131 daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n 4-Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n Arap\u00e7a olarak indirilmesi Allah\u2019\u0131n murad\u0131d\u0131r.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n 5-Terc\u00fcme ihtilaflara sebeb olur.<\/p>\n 6-Terc\u00fcme tahrif ve tebdile sebeb olur.<\/p>\n 7-Terc\u00fcmeyle Kur\u2019\u00e2n be\u015fer s\u00f6z\u00fc olur.<\/p>\n 8-M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n birli\u011fi Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n Arap\u00e7a asl\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmakla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur.<\/p>\n 9-Terc\u00fcmeden maksat, Arap olmayan m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 dinlerinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n 10-Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n lafz\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fcesseseler terc\u00fcme ile yok olabilir.<\/p>\n 11-Kur\u2019\u00e2n tam olarak terc\u00fcme edilemez.[17]<\/a><\/p>\n Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n terc\u00fcme edilmesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan baz\u0131 kimseler Mushaf\u2019\u0131n \u201c\u00fczerinde peygamberimizin mubarek nazar\u0131n\u0131 ve tasvibini ta\u015f\u0131yan bir hat ile mekt\u00fbb ve mahf\u00fbz; s\u00fbre ve \u00e2yetleri tertibli y\u00fcce kitab-\u0131 ilahidir\u201d \u015feklindeki tarifinden hareketederek terc\u00fcmenin Mushaf\u2019\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 kutsiyete halel getirip de\u011ferini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrece\u011fini savunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n feyz ve bereketiyle yay\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in oldu\u011fu kadar h\u00fcsn-\u00fc muhafazas\u0131 i\u00e7in de bir tak\u0131m \u0130sl\u00e2mi ilimler meydana getirilerek bunlara \u201cUl\u00fbm-\u0131 Kur\u2019\u00e2niye: Kur\u2019\u00e2n bilgileri\u201d ad\u0131 verildi\u011fini ve bu ilimlerin temel, kaide, us\u00fcl ve tatbikat\u0131n\u0131n Arap dilinin esaslar\u0131na g\u00f6re vaz olunup de\u011fi\u015fmesinin imk\u00e2ns\u0131z oldu\u011funu iddia ederler. T\u00fcrk \u00e2limlerinin eserlerini -hemen kahir bir ekseriyeti- Arap\u00e7a yazm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131n\u0131 da bu a\u00e7\u0131dan de\u011ferlendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Ehl-i Kitab\u2019\u0131n Tevrat ve \u0130ncil\u2019i kayb etmelerine terc\u00fcme[18]<\/a> ve yaz\u0131 farklar\u0131n\u0131n sebep oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrerler.[19]<\/a><\/p>\n Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019in terc\u00fcme edilmesinin lehinde ve aleyhinde olanlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini, genel olarak bir de\u011ferlendirmeye tabi tuttu\u011fumuzda \u015f\u00f6yle bir tablo ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmaktay\u0131z: \u015euras\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r ki Allah\u2019\u0131n murad\u0131n\u0131 anlayabilmek i\u00e7in yaln\u0131z terc\u00fcmelerle iktifa etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Bununla birlikte asl\u0131na sad\u0131k kalmak ve her halukarda eksik oldu\u011funun \u015fuurunda olmak \u015fart\u0131yla onun feyzinden istifade etmek hususunda terc\u00fcmelerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 caiz, hatta gerekli oldu\u011fu ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir ger\u00e7ektir. \u00dcstelik Kur\u2019\u00e2n tefs\u00eer ve terc\u00fcmlerinin, imk\u00e2n nisbetinde asl\u0131n\u0131 ihtiva etmesi ve Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6lgesini ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 sebebiyle -asl\u0131na h\u00fcrmeten- tazim ve sayg\u0131ya lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n \u00a0Esas\u0131nda Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n terc\u00fcmesine kar\u015f\u0131 olanlar da, e\u011fitim- \u00f6\u011fretim ve manalar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak maksad\u0131yla, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n \u00e7evrilmesine kar\u015f\u0131 de\u011fillerdir. \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ve ilahi emirlerin tebli\u011f edilmesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle terc\u00fcmenin yap\u0131labilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemektedirler.[20]<\/a><\/p>\n Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019i Tefs\u00eer\u00ee veya Manev\u00ee terc\u00fcme \u015feklinde \u00e7evirmek hem ge\u00e7mi\u015fte hem de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2limleri ve m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarca caiz g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, bu konuda icma ve ittifak tahakkuk etmi\u015ftir. Ancak bu cevaz, esaslar\u0131na uygun olarak yap\u0131lmak, terc\u00fcmenin hi\u00e7 bir zaman Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n tam manas\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemek, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n asl\u0131 ile terc\u00fcmesi aras\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck mahiyet fark\u0131n\u0131 daima hat\u0131rda tutmak \u015fartlar\u0131yla mukayyeddir. Harfi ve misli misline terc\u00fcme bir iki istisna d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130sl\u00e2m \u00e2limlerince haram addedilmi\u015ftir.[21]<\/a><\/p>\n [1]<\/a> \u0130brahim, 14\/52.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [2]<\/a> Yunus, 10\/57; el-Casiye, 45\/20; Bakara, 2\/2, 159, 185, 187, 221.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [3]<\/a> \u0130sr\u00e2, 89, Kehf, 54, T\u00e2h\u00e2, 113.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [4]<\/a> Y\u00fbsuf, 104, Y\u00e2sin, 69, M\u00fczzemmil, 19, \u0130brahim, 52, En\u2019\u00e2m, 19,51,92, A\u2019r\u00e2f, 2, 63, 69, Y\u00fbnus, 2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [5]<\/a> Bakara, 143, Nis\u00e2, 105.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [6]<\/a> Muhammed, 24, Kamer, 17, 22, 32, 40, M\u00fc\u2019min\u00fbn, 68, Enf\u00e2l, 2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [7]<\/a> En\u2019\u00e2m, 154-157.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [8]<\/a> Kasas, 59, \u0130sr\u00e2, 15, \u015eu\u2019ar\u00e2, 208, \u0130br\u00e2him, 4, Z\u00fcmer, 71.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [9]<\/a> Fussilet, 44.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [10]<\/a> Nis\u00e2, 79, Sebe\u2019, 28. Buhari<\/i><\/b>, Teyemm\u00fcm, 1; Salat, 56. M\u00fcslim,<\/i><\/b> Mescid, 3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [11]<\/a> Buhari<\/i><\/b>, Enbiya, 50. Tirmizi<\/i><\/b>, \u0130lim, 12. Ahmed b. Hanbel<\/i><\/b>, II\/159, 214, 606.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [12]<\/a> \u0130bn Hacer, Fethu\u2019l-Bari<\/i><\/b>, Kahire, 1978, c. XXVIII, s. 314.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [13]<\/a> Ibn Hacer, el-\u0130sabe<\/i><\/b>, Beyrut, 1328, c. I, s. 561.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [14]<\/a> Tacu\u2019\u015f-\u015eeri\u2019a, en-Nihaye Ha\u015fiye ale\u2019l-Hidaye<\/i><\/b>, c. I, s. 86, ha\u015fiye I\u2019den nakleden Hamidullah, Fehmu\u2019l-Kur\u2019\u00e2n<\/i><\/b>, 52.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [15]<\/a> Nahl, 103, Y\u00fbsuf, 1-2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [16]<\/a> Y\u00fbsuf, 2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [17]<\/a> Bkz. Aydar, 177-233.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
<\/p>\n
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