{"id":4767,"date":"2013-09-26T15:50:55","date_gmt":"2013-09-26T13:50:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=4767"},"modified":"2017-01-05T09:40:23","modified_gmt":"2017-01-05T07:40:23","slug":"ii-tercume-cesitleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=4767","title":{"rendered":"II. Terc\u00fcme \u00c7e\u015fitleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Terc\u00fcme, bir dilde ifade edilen manalar\u0131n ba\u015fka bir dile aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 demek olsa da bu aktar\u0131mlar hep ayn\u0131 metotla yap\u0131lmamakta bilakis bir k\u0131s\u0131m farkl\u0131l\u0131klar arzetmektedir. Bu farkl\u0131l\u0131klar edebiy\u00e2t\u0131m\u0131za \u201cTerc\u00fcme \u00e7e\u015fitleri\u201d[1]<\/a> olarak girmi\u015ftir. Bunlar\u0131 k\u0131saca \u015fu \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klayabiliriz:<\/p>\n

1. Misli misline terc\u00fcme: Asl\u0131n ayn\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Bir lafz\u0131n ihtiva etti\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn manalar\u0131 ve i\u015faretleri, hi\u00e7 eksik b\u0131rakmaks\u0131z\u0131n ve hi\u00e7 ilave yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n aynen, ba\u015fka bir dildeki laf\u0131zlarla ifade etmektir. Bu t\u00fcr terc\u00fcme kat\u2019\u00ee s\u00fbrette ne Kur\u2019\u00e2n i\u00e7in ve ne de alelade bir eser i\u00e7in m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

2. Tanziri terc\u00fcme: Bu terc\u00fcme daha ziyade edebi \u015fiirlerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bunda as\u0131l metin terc\u00fcme edilmez, fakat onda kullan\u0131lan\u0131n benzeri bir ifade kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u201cHem akla hem kalbe, yahut yaln\u0131z zevk u hissiyata hitab eden ve lisan nokta-\u0131 nazar\u0131ndan edebi k\u0131ymeti ve zevk-\u0131 sanat\u0131 haiz bulunan canl\u0131 ve bedii eserlerin terc\u00fcmelerinde muvaffakiyet g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nadirdir. Bunlar\u0131 tanzir etmek, terc\u00fcme etmekten daha kolay gelir\u201d[3]<\/a> Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019a nazire getirmek ise m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n insanlara ve cinlere meydan okudu\u011fu (tehaddi) \u00e2yetler y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r cevaps\u0131z kalm\u0131\u015f ve hala b\u00fct\u00fcn azametiyle zirvedeki mevkilerini korumaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

3. Manzum terc\u00fcme: Bir metnin \u015fiir halinde ba\u015fka bir dile \u00e7evrilmesidir. \u015eiir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri ve kal\u0131plar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kaybolan ve de\u011fi\u015fen manalar\u0131n haddi hesab\u0131 yoktur.<\/p>\n

4. Harfi (lafzi) terc\u00fcme: M\u00fctercimin, takati ve dilin uygunlu\u011fu nisbetinde, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n her lafz\u0131n\u0131n yerine, ona bedel olarak, terc\u00fcme etti\u011fi dilde o lafz\u0131n m\u00fcradifi olan ba\u015fka bir lafz\u0131n konmas\u0131d\u0131r, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n, kelime ibare yahut nass cihetiyle Arap\u00e7adan ba\u015fka bir dile nakledilmesidir. Bu t\u00fcr terc\u00fcme hakikatte baz\u0131 harf, fiil ve isimlerin manalar\u0131n\u0131 eda edip etmedi\u011fine veya bu edan\u0131n c\u00fcz\u2019i olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bakmaks\u0131z\u0131n Kur\u2019\u00e2ni ibarelerin harfi olarak nakline dayan\u0131r. Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019de isti\u2019mali son derece g\u00fc\u00e7, hatta bazen imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

5. Manevi terc\u00fcme: As\u0131l dildeki kelimelerin tertibine ve nazm\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmaks\u0131z\u0131n, herhangi bir s\u00f6z\u00fcn manas\u0131n\u0131, ba\u015fka bir dil ile bey\u00e2n ve izah etmektir. Bu terc\u00fcme tarz\u0131nda m\u00fctercim, asli dildeki ifadeleri iyice anlad\u0131ktan sonra, onlar\u0131n ifade etti\u011fi manay\u0131, ba\u015fka bir dile, kendi \u00fcslub ve ifade tarz\u0131yla nakleder. Bu terc\u00fcme tarz\u0131nda gaye, metindeki mana ve maksatlar\u0131n ba\u015fka bir dille g\u00fczelce ifade edilmesidir. Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n bu \u015fekilde terc\u00fcmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ve me\u015fru oldu\u011fu konusunda ittifak vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

6. Tefs\u00eeri terc\u00fcme: As\u0131l dildeki kelimelerin tertibine ve nazm\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmaks\u0131z\u0131n herhangi bir s\u00f6z\u00fcn manas\u0131n\u0131, baz\u0131 \u015ferh ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalarla ba\u015fka bir dile nakletmektir. Bu tarz bir terc\u00fcme, Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n do\u011frudan do\u011fruya Arap\u00e7a\u2019dan ba\u015fka bir dille, \u00e7ok k\u0131sa olarak \u015ferh ve Tefs\u00eer edilmesi \u015feklinde olabilece\u011fi gibi, Arap\u00e7a olarak yap\u0131lacak veciz bir Kur\u2019\u00e2n tefs\u00eerinin terc\u00fcmesi \u015feklinde de olabilir. O zaman bunu, Kur\u2019\u00e2n Tefs\u00eerinin Terc\u00fcmesi<\/i> veya Tefs\u00eeri Terc\u00fcme<\/i> diye de isimlendirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu terc\u00fcme y\u00f6ntemi, Harfi ve Manevi terc\u00fcmeye g\u00f6re daha kolay ve daha sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r. Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n manalar\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tma konusunda daha g\u00fcvenilirdir.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130nceleyece\u011fimiz Kur\u2019\u00e2n terc\u00fcmeleri daha ziyade burada say\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131mlardan Manevi terc\u00fcme ve Tefs\u00eeri terc\u00fcme t\u00fcr\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan terc\u00fcme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Eserler tan\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rken onlar\u0131n bu y\u00f6nleri \u00fczerinde durulacak, daha detayl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalar yap\u0131lacak ve \u00f6rnek metinlere yer verilecektir.<\/p>\n


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[1]<\/a> Muallim Naci, terc\u00fcmeyi aynen, mealen, tevs\u00ee\u2019an olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7e ay\u0131r\u0131r. Dillerin, anlat\u0131m bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6stermesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda. her zaman, aynen <\/i>terc\u00fcmenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. \u015e\u00f6yle der: \u201cbir lisanda, baz\u0131 ifadat bulunur ki di\u011fer lisana aynen terc\u00fcme edilecek olsa hi\u00e7bir \u015fey anla\u015f\u0131lmaz. Anla\u015f\u0131lsa da zevki \u00e7\u0131kmaz\u201d. Naci, mealen terc\u00fcmeyi daha sa\u011flam bir yol olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bu tarz terc\u00fcmeler aras\u0131na, ifade olunacak \u201cmaksad-\u0131 asliyi ihlal de\u011fil, izah ve tezyin eyliyerek baz\u0131 tabirat ilave edilecek olursa\u201d tevs\u00ee\u2019an terc\u00fcme v\u00fccud bulur. Celal Tarak\u00e7\u0131, Muallim Naci<\/i><\/b>,<\/i>Ankara 1994, s. 36.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[2]<\/a> \u00d6mer Nasuhi Bilmen, B\u00fcy\u00fck Tefs\u00eer Tarihi Tabakat\u00fc\u2019l-M\u00fcfessir\u00een<\/i><\/b>, \u0130stanbul, 1973, I, 101.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[3]<\/a> Yaz\u0131r, I, 9-10.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[4]<\/a> Bkz. Aydar, s. 236-271.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Terc\u00fcme, bir dilde ifade edilen manalar\u0131n ba\u015fka bir dile aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 demek olsa da bu aktar\u0131mlar hep ayn\u0131 metotla yap\u0131lmamakta bilakis bir k\u0131s\u0131m farkl\u0131l\u0131klar arzetmektedir. Bu farkl\u0131l\u0131klar edebiy\u00e2t\u0131m\u0131za \u201cTerc\u00fcme \u00e7e\u015fitleri\u201d[1] olarak… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4767","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3G27m-1eT","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4767","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4767"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4767\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15008,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4767\/revisions\/15008"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4767"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4767"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}