{"id":4777,"date":"2013-09-26T15:56:49","date_gmt":"2013-09-26T13:56:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=4777"},"modified":"2013-11-30T10:53:55","modified_gmt":"2013-11-30T08:53:55","slug":"vi-tanzimat-doneminde-tercume-hareketleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/?p=4777","title":{"rendered":"VI- Tanz\u00eem\u00e2t D\u00f6neminde Terc\u00fcme Hareketleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tanz\u00eem\u00e2t\u2019tan \u00f6nce Bat\u0131\u2019dan baz\u0131 eserler terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir; ancak bunlar\u0131n tamam\u0131 co\u011frafya, t\u0131p, eczac\u0131l\u0131k, askerlik, riyaziyat t\u00fcr\u00fcnden eserlerdir. Bat\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce d\u00fcny\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 toplumuna nakledecek eserleri g\u00f6rebilmek i\u00e7in, 1860\u2019lar gibi ge\u00e7 bir tarihi beklemek gerekmi\u015ftir ki, bu gelen eserler de son derece zay\u0131f ve etkisi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 yay\u0131nlar olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Tanz\u00eem\u00e2t d\u00f6nemi, klasik \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee eserlerden ve \u015eark klasiklerinden yap\u0131lan terc\u00fcmelerde ve matbaa arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla[1]<\/a> bu eserlerin geni\u015f kitlelere ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda adeta bir patlamaya tan\u0131k olmu\u015ftur. <\/b>1839\u2019dan sonraki d\u00f6rt senede bas\u0131lan \u00e7ok say\u0131da kitaptan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakileri, canlanan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn hangisi oldu\u011fu hakk\u0131nda bir fikir verebilir: Ahlak-\u0131 Ahmed\u00ee<\/i>, D\u00fcrr-i Yekt\u00e2<\/i>, Tarikat-\u0131 Muhammediyye<\/i>, Alt\u0131parmak<\/i>, Ravzat\u00fc\u2019s-Saf\u00e2<\/i>, Molla Cami<\/i>, Fen\u00e2r\u00ee H\u00e2\u015fiyesi<\/i>, M\u00fcltek\u00e2<\/i>, Birgiv\u00ee \u015eerhi<\/i> ilh…[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu d\u00f6nemde dini bir tak\u0131m kitaplar terc\u00fcme edildi\u011fi ve bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn yeniden canlanmakta gibi g\u00f6z\u00fckmesi do\u011fru olabilir. Bunun yan\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir yabanc\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc topluma ta\u015f\u0131yan eserler de y\u0131\u011f\u0131nla terc\u00fcme edilmeye ba\u015flan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ne yaz\u0131k ki bilimsel ve teknoloji alan\u0131nda geli\u015fmemize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilecek fizik, kimya, t\u0131p vs. sahalar\u0131ndaki kaliteli eserlerin terc\u00fcmesi bilin\u00e7li veya bilin\u00e7siz olarak ihmal edilmekte idi.<\/p>\n

Tanz\u00eem\u00e2t\u0131n takip etti\u011fi yeni maarif sistemi ve medrese d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda devletin R\u00fc\u015fdiye ve \u0130dadiye gibi yeni mektebler v\u00fccuda getirmesi de, tedrisatta kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ders kitab\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131 do\u011furmu\u015ftur. Bu taleb, \u015eark ve \u0130sl\u00e2m eserlerinden yap\u0131lan terc\u00fcmeler ve yine \u0130sl\u00e2m ve \u015eark tesirinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ders kitaplar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Klasik mant\u0131k kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olarak yeniden yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bas\u0131lmas\u0131 bu durumun \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rneklerindendir. Bu mant\u0131k medresede okutulan s\u00fbr\u00ee mant\u0131kt\u0131r. Bat\u0131 tesirinin artmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, \u0130sl\u00e2m medeniyetine ba\u011flanmak ve bu medeniyetin temeli olan mant\u0131k, kelam, f\u0131k\u0131h ve tasavvuf t\u00fcr\u00fcnden eserleri terc\u00fcme ve telif yoluyla halka kazand\u0131rmak yolunda ciddi gayret ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

K\u0131saca Tanz\u00eem\u00e2t\u2019\u0131, bu d\u00f6nemdeki siyasi, sosyal ve ilmi durumu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131ktan sonra bir sonraki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n terc\u00fcmesi meselesini ve Tanz\u00eem\u00e2t d\u00f6neminde Kur\u2019\u00e2n terc\u00fcmelerinin durumunu inceleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n


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[1]<\/a>Matbaan\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 devletinde ge\u00e7 kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 dini tutuma ba\u011flamak isteyenler \u00e7o\u011funluktad\u0131r. H\u00e2lbuki hakikat daha farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Tarih\u00ee h\u00e2diseler sadece bir sebeble a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz. Nitekim bu mevz\u00fbyu ara\u015ft\u0131ran bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle demektedir: \u201cMatbaaya kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k \u0130sl\u00e2ml\u0131k nedeniyle de\u011fil, Osmanl\u0131l\u0131k nedeniyle anla\u015f\u0131labilir. Siyasal yanlar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, Osmanl\u0131 imparatorlu\u011funda matbaalara, bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kitaplara dokunulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eu halde bask\u0131 sanat\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 tarihinde yaln\u0131z bir din sorunu de\u011fil, k\u0131smen teknik, k\u0131smen ekonomik, k\u0131smen de siyasal bir sorun olmu\u015ftur\u201d. (Alpay Kabacal\u0131, T\u00fcrk Yay\u0131n Tarihi<\/i><\/b>, <\/i>1987, s. 21 ve 79. Gazeteciler Cemiyeti yay\u0131nlar\u0131)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[2]<\/a> Osmanl\u0131lar, daha \u00f6nce m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, zaman\u0131nda terc\u00fcme yolu ile bat\u0131daki geli\u015fmeye intibak edebilselerdi ve onu kendi inan\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda yeniden \u015fekillendirip kendilerine mal edebilselerdi, gerek kendi durumumuz gerekse D\u00fcnya medeniyetinin durumu, bug\u00fcnk\u00fcnden daha iyi olacakt\u0131. Esasen, ge\u00e7 de olsa bu eksiklik anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olacak ki, XIX. yy\u2019dan itbaren, h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde terc\u00fcme faaliyetlerine giri\u015filmi\u015ftir. Bunun i\u00e7in hert\u00fcrl\u00fc maddi fedak\u00e2rl\u0131\u011fa katlan\u0131larak pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi bat\u0131ya g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Neticede, hakikaten de dilimize pek \u00e7ok eser terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir; ancak ne ac\u0131d\u0131r ki, bu eserlerin i\u00e7inde bilimsel bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yan, yok denecek kadar azd\u0131r. Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n a\u015fk ve ihtiras\u0131n\u0131, kad\u0131na, kadehe ve kumara olan ibtil\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131, subjektif ve romantik duygular\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tan y\u00fczlerce eser, hem de farkl\u0131 ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok kere dilimize \u00e7evrilirken, bir fizik, matematik, kimya, astronomi, t\u0131p… kitab\u0131n\u0131n terc\u00fcme edilmesine fazla ra\u011fbet edilmemi\u015ftir. Mesela Frans\u0131z oyun yazar\u0131 Moliere (as\u0131l ad\u0131 Jan Babtist Poquel, v. 1673), birka\u00e7 kez T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilirken, \u00fcnl\u00fc bir fizik\u00e7i olan Joseph Privat de Moliere\u2019i (v. 1742) ve sahas\u0131yla ilgili eserleri dilimize kazand\u0131rmaya kimse iltifat etmemi\u015ftir. (Hidayet Aydar, Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019in Terc\u00fcmesi Meselesi<\/i><\/b>, <\/i>\u0130stanbul, 1996, s. 25-26; Ferit Ayd\u0131n, Terc\u00fcme Sanat\u0131n\u0131n Ger\u00e7ekleri<\/i><\/b>, <\/i>\u0130st. 1984, s. 39-40)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[3]<\/a> T\u00fcrk\u00f6ne, VI, s. 77; Kemal Efendi, R\u00fc\u015fdiye Mekteblerinde okunmak \u00fczere kaba T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ris\u00e2leler yaz\u0131lmas\u0131na l\u00fczum g\u00f6r\u00fcnce Cevdet Efendi\u2019ye m\u00fcracaat etmi\u015f, o da \u201cMalumat-\u0131 N\u00e2fia\u201d<\/i> adl\u0131 bir ris\u00e2le yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ris\u00e2le bast\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p R\u00fc\u015fdiiye mekteblerinde okutulmu\u015ftur. (F\u00e2t\u0131m\u00e2 Aliyye Han\u0131m, Ahmed Cevdet Pa\u015fa ve Zaman\u0131<\/i><\/b>, \u0130stanbul, 1994, s. 70.)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tanz\u00eem\u00e2t\u2019tan \u00f6nce Bat\u0131\u2019dan baz\u0131 eserler terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015ftir; ancak bunlar\u0131n tamam\u0131 co\u011frafya, t\u0131p, eczac\u0131l\u0131k, askerlik, riyaziyat t\u00fcr\u00fcnden eserlerdir. Bat\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce d\u00fcny\u00e2s\u0131n\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 toplumuna nakledecek eserleri g\u00f6rebilmek i\u00e7in, 1860\u2019lar gibi ge\u00e7 bir… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4777","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3G27m-1f3","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4777","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4777"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4777\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7139,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4777\/revisions\/7139"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4777"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4777"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kuranvesunnetyolunda.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4777"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}