\u0130nsano\u011flunun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 her amelin bir de\u011feri ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. Zerre kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de olsa iyi veya k\u00f6t\u00fc hi\u00e7bir amel kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalmaz. Bunlardan il\u00e2h\u00ee emir ve yasaklara ayk\u0131r\u0131 olanlar \u201cg\u00fcnah\u201d diye isimlendirilir ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ceza verilir. \u0130l\u00e2h\u00ee emir ve yasaklara uygun olan davran\u0131\u015flara da \u201camel-i s\u00e2lih, iyilik, hay\u0131r\u201d gibi isimler verilir ve bunlara \u201csevap\u201d yani kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak m\u00fck\u00e2f\u00e2t verilir.<\/p>\n
Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem\u2019de g\u00fcnah\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ism, zenb, isyan, c\u00fcrm gibi pek \u00e7ok kelime kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n hepsi de nefse, \u015feytana, karanl\u0131k ve k\u00f6t\u00fc i\u015flere yenik d\u00fc\u015fmeyi, s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 ve \u0131zd\u0131rab\u0131, i\u00e7tim\u00e2\u00ee huzursuzluk ve anar\u015fiyi, \u00e7irkin ve baya\u011f\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131, dengeyi bozmay\u0131 ve haddi a\u015fmay\u0131 ifade eder.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcnah; takv\u00e2ya da f\u00fcc\u00fbra da istid\u00e2d\u0131 olan insan\u0131n[1]<\/a> yan\u0131lmas\u0131, unutmas\u0131, dengesizli\u011fi, sapmas\u0131, Yarat\u0131c\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7izdi\u011fi hudutlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, il\u00e2h\u00ee kanunlar\u0131 ihl\u00e2l etmesidir. Bu durum sadece g\u00fcnah i\u015fleyene zarar vermekle kalmaz; \u00e7o\u011fu zaman ba\u015fkalar\u0131na ve tabiata da zarar verir. Allah\u2019\u0131n emretti\u011fi \u015feyleri yerine getirmek ve yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feylerden uzak kalmak ise hem insana der\u00fbn\u00ee bir huzur bah\u015feder, hem toplum d\u00fczenini sa\u011flar, hem de i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z tabiat\u0131n bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/p>\n G\u00fcnaha Sevkeden Fakt\u00f6rler<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n Bunlar, insan\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan meyil ve arzularla ona d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan tesir eden \u00e2millerdir.<\/p>\n \u0130nsan\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6\u00adt\u00fcl\u00fcklerin kayna\u011f\u0131 um\u00fbmiyetle nefistir. Zira insan nefsi; terbiye ve tezkiye edilmedi\u011fi takdirde, alabildi\u011fine k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc emreden (nefs-i emm\u00e2re)<\/b> ve ki\u015fiyi g\u00fcnaha y\u00f6neltmek i\u00e7in f\u0131s\u0131lt\u0131lar h\u00e2linde s\u00fcrekli telkinlerde bulunan bir kuvvettir.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n G\u00fcnaha sevkeden bir ba\u015fka fakt\u00f6r de \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc unutmak, hi\u00e7 \u00f6lmeyecekmi\u015f gibi d\u00fcnya i\u015flerine dalmak ve \u00e2hiret endi\u015fesinden uzakla\u015fmak<\/b>t\u0131r.[3]<\/a> Kendini bu psi\u00adkolojiye kapt\u0131ran insan, sanki hayat sadece bu d\u00fcnyadan ibaretmi\u015f gibi pervas\u0131zca ha\u00adreket etme arzusuna kap\u0131l\u0131r ve hayvan\u00ee isteklerini tatmin etme duygusunun bas\u00adk\u0131s\u0131yla g\u00fcnaha kolayca kay\u0131verir. Kur\u2019\u00e2n-\u0131 Ker\u00eem, bu durumdan kurtulmak i\u00e7in, insan\u0131n durup d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek hat\u00e2dan vazge\u00e7mesini, sadece Allah\u2019\u0131n r\u00e2z\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u015fleri yaparak bunlarda huzur bulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve nefsini dizginleyerek terbiye ve tezkiye etmesini tavsiye eder.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca insan\u0131n zay\u0131f yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ve d\u00fcnya nimetlerinin s\u00fcs\u00fcne g\u00f6n\u00fcl kapt\u0131rmas\u0131[5]<\/a> da \u00f6nemli g\u00fcnah fakt\u00f6rleri ola\u00adrak zikredilmektedir.<\/p>\n \u00a0G\u00fcnaha g\u00f6t\u00fcren haric\u00ee sebepler<\/b> aras\u0131nda aldat\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fcnya hayat\u0131n\u0131n insanlara c\u00e2zip gelmesi[6]<\/a>, bol miktarda mevcut olan k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00f6rnek\u00adlere uymak, onlarla beraber bulunmak[7]<\/a> ve insan\u0131n manev\u00ee y\u00fcceli\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etme\u00adye ahdetmi\u015f olan \u015feytan\u0131n tahrikleri[8]<\/a> zikredilebilir.<\/p>\n \u0130nsan, d\u00fcnyaya imtihan edilmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Bu sebeple hakk\u0131 da b\u00e2t\u0131l\u0131 da se\u00e7me h\u00fcrriyetine sahiptir. Sevap kazand\u0131racak i\u015fler de yapabilir, g\u00fcnaha da d\u00fc\u015febilir. Zira insan\u0131n mesul tutulabilmesi i\u00e7in h\u00fcr olmas\u0131 gerekir. Neticede elde etti\u011fi m\u00fck\u00e2f\u00e2t\u0131n k\u0131ymeti de buna ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130mtiyazl\u0131 Irk ve Asl\u00ee G\u00fcnah Yoktur<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m, bir \u0131rk ve s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n di\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re imtiyazl\u0131 olmas\u0131, insanlar\u0131n g\u00fcnahk\u00e2r ve su\u00e7lu olarak do\u011fmas\u0131,[9]<\/a> g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n baz\u0131 insanlar taraf\u0131ndan affedilebilmesi gibi sonradan uydurulan inan\u00e7lar\u0131 kabul etmez. Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130srailo\u011fullar\u0131: \u00abSay\u0131l\u0131 birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn m\u00fcstesna bize ate\u015f dokunmayacakt\u0131r\u00bb dediler. De ki: \u00abSiz Allah kat\u0131ndan bir s\u00f6z m\u00fc ald\u0131n\u0131z? E\u011fer b\u00f6yle bir s\u00f6z ald\u0131ysan\u0131z Allah vaadinden asla caymaz. Yoksa Allah hakk\u0131nda, bilmedi\u011finiz \u015feyleri mi s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorsunuz?\u00bb Hay\u0131r! Kim k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck i\u015fler de k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kendisini \u00e7epe\u00e7evre ku\u015fat\u0131rsa i\u015fte o kimseler cehennemliktirler. Onlar orada devaml\u0131 kal\u0131rlar.\u201d <\/b>(Bakara, 80-81)<\/p>\n \u201cYahudiler ve hristiyanlar \u00abBiz Allah\u2019\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131 ve sevgilileriyiz\u00bb dediler. De ki: \u00ab\u00d6yleyse g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n\u0131zdan dolay\u0131 Allah size ni\u00e7in azap ediyor?\u00bb Do\u011frusu siz de O\u2019nun yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 insanlardans\u0131n\u0131z. O, diledi\u011fini ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar ve diledi\u011fine azap eder. G\u00f6klerde, yerde ve ikisinin aras\u0131nda ne varsa m\u00fclkiyeti Allah\u2019a aittir. Sonunda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f de ancak O\u2019nad\u0131r.\u201d<\/b> (M\u00e2ide, 18)<\/b><\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah r, insano\u011flunun g\u00fcnahs\u0131z ve yanl\u0131\u015f fikirlerden uzak bir \u015fekilde do\u011fdu\u011funu \u015f\u00f6yle ifade buyurur:<\/p>\n \u201cHer \u00e7ocuk f\u0131trat \u00fczere saf ve tertemiz do\u011far.<\/i>[10]<\/a> Sonra annesi babas\u0131 onu yahud\u00ee, hristiyan veya mec\u00fbs\u00ee yapar. T\u0131pk\u0131 hayvan yavrusunun b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e2z\u00e2lar\u0131 tam olarak sapasa\u011flam do\u011fmas\u0131 gibi, (sonradan sahibi onun kula\u011f\u0131n\u0131 keser veya ba\u015fka bir yerini bozar). Hi\u00e7 yavrunun kula\u011f\u0131 kesik olarak do\u011fdu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyor musunuz?\u201d<\/i> (Buh\u00e2ri, Cen\u00e2\u00eez, 80; M\u00fcslim, Kader, 22)<\/p>\n F\u0131trat dini olan \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a g\u00f6re \u201cBer\u00e2at-i zimmet as\u0131ld\u0131r.\u201d<\/i><\/b> Yani insan, su\u00e7lu oldu\u011fu isbat edilinceye kadar su\u00e7suzdur. Su\u00e7lu veya g\u00fcnahk\u00e2r olmak istisn\u00e2d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kimse Kimsenin G\u00fcnah\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7ekmez<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a g\u00f6re insan, bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00e2h\u0131ndan ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yetmedi\u011fi \u015feylerden mesul de\u011fildir. Ki\u015finin mesul olabilmesi i\u00e7in ak\u0131ll\u0131 ve b\u00fcl\u00fb\u011f \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na (12 ya\u015f civar\u0131) eri\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve fiili isteyerek yapmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Bu durumda herkes, ancak kendi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan sorumludur. F\u0131k\u0131h\u2019ta: \u201cUkub\u00e2tta niy\u00e2bet c\u00e2iz olmaz\u201d<\/i><\/b> k\u00e2idesi vard\u0131r. Yani bir kimsenin cezas\u0131n\u0131 ona vek\u00e2leten bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 \u00e7ekmez. Bu bak\u0131mdan \u0130sl\u00e2m, Hristiyanl\u0131ktaki asl\u00ee g\u00fcnah inanc\u0131n\u0131, ya da g\u00fcnah\u0131n babadan o\u011fla ge\u00e7ti\u011fi iddias\u0131n\u0131 reddetmektedir. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a g\u00f6re g\u00fcnah, \u015fahs\u00eedir; nesilden nesile miras b\u0131rak\u0131lmaz.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n Fakat nas\u0131l ki iyi bir \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7mak,<\/b> hay\u0131rl\u0131 i\u015flere yol a\u00e7mak ve sebep olmak insana sevap kazand\u0131r\u0131rsa; g\u00fcnaha sebep olmak, g\u00fcnah\u0131n i\u015flenmesine zemin haz\u0131rlamak, k\u00f6t\u00fc bir gelenek ba\u015flatmak ve k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00f6rnek olmak da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ki\u015fiye g\u00fcnah kazand\u0131r\u0131r. Bu sebeple, birtak\u0131m insanlar\u0131n c\u00e2hilliklerinden istifade ederek onlar\u0131 do\u011fru yoldan sapt\u0131r\u0131p ink\u00e2ra ya da g\u00fcnaha s\u00fcr\u00fcklemek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir veb\u00e2l, a\u011f\u0131r bir y\u00fckt\u00fcr.[12]<\/a> Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n \u201cKim g\u00fczel bir i\u015fe arac\u0131l\u0131k ederse, onun da o i\u015ften bir nasibi olur. Kim k\u00f6t\u00fc bir i\u015fe arac\u0131l\u0131k ederse onun da ondan bir pay\u0131 olur. Allah her \u015feyi g\u00f6zetir ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 verir.\u201d<\/b> (Nis\u00e2, 85)<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah r \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da iyi bir \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an ki\u015fiye, bunun sevab\u0131 vard\u0131r. O \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131rda y\u00fcr\u00fcyenlerin sevab\u0131ndan da kendisine verilir. Fakat onlar\u0131n sevab\u0131ndan hi\u00e7bir \u015fey noksanla\u015fmaz. Her kim de \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7arsa, o ki\u015fiye onun g\u00fcnah\u0131 vard\u0131r. O k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131rda y\u00fcr\u00fcyenlerin g\u00fcnah\u0131ndan da ona pay ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Fakat onlar\u0131n g\u00fcnah\u0131ndan hi\u00e7bir \u015fey noksanla\u015fmaz.\u201d<\/i> <\/i>(M\u00fcslim, Zek\u00e2t, 69; Nes\u00e2\u00ee, Zek\u00e2t, 64)<\/p>\n Ki\u015fi \u0130stemeyerek Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Sorumlu De\u011fildir<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a g\u00f6re insan, hat\u00e2 ile,<\/b> unutarak<\/b> ve tehdit alt\u0131nda <\/b>yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flerden sorumlu de\u011fildir. Ras\u00fblullah r \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n \u201cMuhakkak ki Allah, \u00fcmmetimin hata ile ve unutarak yapt\u0131klar\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131, bir de yapmaya zorland\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fcnahlar\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d <\/i>(\u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Tal\u00e2k, 16) <\/i><\/i><\/p>\n Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde akl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na gelinceye kadar deliye<\/b> ve uyan\u0131ncaya kadar uykudaki<\/b> insana<\/b> da yanl\u0131\u015f davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 g\u00fcnah yaz\u0131lmaz. Zira ki\u015fi kendi h\u00fcr iradesi ile isteyerek yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flerden sorumludur. Dileme ve tercih etme insana aittir. \u0130\u015fin varl\u0131k \u00e2lemine \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ise Allah\u2019\u0131n yaratmas\u0131 iledir. \u0130nsan, o i\u015fin meydana gelmesine sebep olan \u201cirade etme\u201d ve bunun sonucu olarak o amele \u201cmeyletme\u201dsinden sorumludur. Yani insan\u0131n hesaba \u00e7ekilmesi, sadece meyletmesi, y\u00f6nelmesi ve kesbi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r. Yoksa v\u00e2s\u0131talar\u0131, sebepleri ve bizzat o fiili yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 de\u011fildir.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n Allah\u2019\u0131n Rahmeti<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n G\u00fcnah, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceden fiiliyata ge\u00e7medi\u011fi m\u00fcddet\u00e7e ceza verilmez. Ras\u00fblullah r \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n \u201cAllah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00fcmmetimin nefislerinde yapmay\u0131 tasarlay\u0131p da fiiliyata ge\u00e7irmedikleri ve kimseye s\u00f6ylemedikleri g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n\u0131 affetti.\u201d<\/i> (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Tal\u00e2k, 11)<\/p>\n Mevzu ile al\u00e2kal\u0131 olan \u015fu hadis-i kuds\u00ee de Allah\u2019\u0131n kullar\u0131na olan rahmet ve merhametini g\u00f6stermektedir. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc r \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n \u201cAllah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 iyilik ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckleri takdir edip yazd\u0131, sonra da \u015fu a\u00e7\u0131klamada bulundu:<\/i><\/p>\n Kim bir iyilik yapmak ister de yapamazsa, Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak bunu kendi kat\u0131nda o kulu i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel bir iyilik olarak kaydeder.<\/i><\/p>\n \u0130yilik yapmay\u0131 ister sonra da onu yaparsa, Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak o iyili\u011fi kat\u0131nda on mislinden yedi y\u00fcz misline kadar, hatta kat kat fazlas\u0131yla yazar. (Ki\u015fi, ihl\u00e2s\u0131na, samimiyetine ve Allah\u2019\u0131n r\u0131z\u00e2s\u0131na uygun hareket edebilme seviyesine g\u00f6re sevap kazan\u0131r.)<\/i><\/p>\n Kim bir k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck yapmak ister de vazge\u00e7erse, Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak bunu kendi kat\u0131nda o kulu i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel bir iyilik olarak kaydeder. <\/i><\/p>\n K\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck yapmay\u0131 ister sonra da onu yaparsa, Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak o fenal\u0131\u011f\u0131 sadece bir g\u00fcnah olarak yazar.\u201d <\/i>(Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Rik\u00e2k, 31; M\u00fcslim, \u00cem\u00e2n, 207, 259)<\/p>\n Tevbede Acele Etmek<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n M\u00fc\u2019min ne kadar g\u00fcnah i\u015flerse i\u015flesin korku ve \u00fcmid aras\u0131nda olmal\u0131, Rabbinden uzakla\u015fmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak, g\u00fcnah i\u015fleyerek kendilerine zulmeden kullar\u0131na \u00fcmid vererek ve onlar\u0131 acele tevbe<\/b>ye d\u00e2vet ederek \u015f\u00f6yle buyuruyor:<\/p>\n \u201cDe ki: Ey ne\u00adfis\u00adle\u00adri\u00adne zul\u00admet\u00admek\u00adte a\u015f\u0131<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>r\u0131 gi<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>den kul<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>la<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>r\u0131m! Al<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>lah\u2019\u0131n rah<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>me<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>tin<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>den \u00fcm\u00ee<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>di<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>ni<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>zi kes<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>me<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>yi<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>niz! \u00c7\u00fcn<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>k\u00fc Al<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>lah b\u00fc<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>t\u00fcn g\u00fc<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>nah<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>la<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>r\u0131 af<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>fe<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>der. Mu<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>hak<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>kak ki O, Ga<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>f\u00fbr ve Ra<\/b>\u00ad<\/b>h\u00eem\u2019dir.<\/b> Ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131za azap gelmeden evvel tevbe ile Rabbinize y\u00f6nelin ve O\u2019na teslim olun\u00a0! Yoksa yard\u0131m g\u00f6remezsiniz.\u201d<\/b> (Z\u00fc\u00admer, 53-54)<\/p>\n G\u00fcnahk\u00e2r insanlar Allah\u2019\u0131n rahmet ve merhametine daha \u00e7ok muhta\u00e7t\u0131r. Bu sebeple b\u00fcy\u00fck Allah dostlar\u0131ndan Yahy\u00e2 bin Mu\u00e2z<\/b> g \u015f\u00f6yle dua etmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n \u201cRabbim! Sen ancak itaatk\u00e2r kullar\u0131n\u0131<\/i><\/b> affedeceksen, g\u00fcnahk\u00e2rlar kime gidip s<\/i><\/b>\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/i><\/b>ns<\/i><\/b>\u0131<\/i><\/b>nlar? Rabbim!<\/i><\/b> Sen sadece takv\u00e2 sahibi kullar<\/i><\/b>\u0131<\/i><\/b>na rahmet ve merhamet edeceksen, m\u00fccrimler kimden yard<\/i><\/b>\u0131<\/i><\/b>m istesinler!\u201d<\/i><\/b> (Beyhak\u00ee, \u015e<\/i>uab, <\/i>II, 25-26)<\/p>\n Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak, \u00fcmidini kesmeyip tevbeye s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan kullar\u0131n\u0131 affedece\u011fini haber verirken, g\u00fcnahtan vazge\u00e7meyenleri de \u00eek\u00e2z ederek \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n \u201c<\/b>(Ras\u00fbl\u00fcm!) Kullar\u0131ma benim \u00e7ok ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 ve pek merhametli oldu\u011fumu haber ver. Bununla birlikte azab\u0131m\u0131n da \u00e7ok elem verici oldu\u011funu bildir.\u201d <\/b>(Hicr, 49-50)<\/p>\n Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak isterse kullar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnah\u0131n\u0131, onlar tevbe ve isti\u011ffar etmeden de affedebilir. Tevbesiz affedilmeyen yeg\u00e2ne g\u00fcnah \u201ck\u00fcf\u00fcr\u201d<\/b> ve \u201c\u015firk\u201d<\/b> olup cezas\u0131 ebediyen cehennemde kal\u00admakt\u0131r. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki g\u00fcnah\u00adlar, affedilmese bile ebed\u00ee azab\u0131 gerek\u00adtirmez. K\u00fcf\u00fcr ve \u015firkin tevbesi ise, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u015fekilde \u00eem\u00e2n etmektir.<\/p>\n Bir m\u00fc\u2019min g\u00fcnah i\u015fler veya farzlar\u0131 yerine getirmede gev\u015feklik g\u00f6sterir, fakat bu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu kabul ederse o ki\u015fi g\u00fcnahk\u00e2r m\u00fc\u2019mindir. Ancak, g\u00fcnah\u0131 hel\u00e2l kabul eder veya bir farz\u0131 ink\u00e2r ederse, o zaman k\u00e2fir olur.<\/p>\n \u0130nsan\u0131n nefsinde, \u00e2ilesinde, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortamda ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n genelinde bir bozukluk, huzursuzluk ve fesat varsa bunun sebebi insanlar\u0131n hata ve g\u00fcnahlar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar g\u00fcnahlar\u0131 terkederek Allah\u2019a itaat ederlerse hem d\u00fcnyada hem de \u00e2hirette mes\u2019\u00fbd olurlar. (R\u00fbm, 41)<\/p>\n Unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki her nimet k\u00fclfet kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Cennet ve Cem\u00e2lullah\u2019\u0131 isteyen ki\u015filer, nefse tatl\u0131 gelen g\u00fcnahlara d\u00fc\u015fmemek i\u00e7in birtak\u0131m k\u00fclfet ve zorluklara katlanmak ve Allah\u2019a s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak zorundad\u0131rlar. M\u00fc\u2019minler, ihs\u00e2n s\u0131rr\u0131 ile Allah\u2019\u0131n kendilerini d\u00e2im\u00e2 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015fuuru i\u00e7inde ya\u015farlar ve Rablerini d\u00e2im\u00e2 g\u00f6r\u00fcyormu\u015f gibi kulluk ederler. Zira Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak, her \u015feyi g\u00f6r\u00fcp i\u015fitmekte ve bilmektedir. Bununla birlikte m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, sol omuzlar\u0131nda g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n\u0131 yazan bir mele\u011fin oldu\u011funu hi\u00e7bir zaman unutmazlar.[14]<\/a> Ras\u00fblullah r \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n \u201cEy \u00c2i\u015fe! K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenen amellerden (\u00f6nemsenmeyen en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00fcnahlardan dah\u00ee) sak\u0131n! Zira Allah kat\u0131nda onlar\u0131 g\u00f6zetleyip kaydeden bir (melek) vard\u0131r.\u201d <\/i>(\u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Z\u00fchd, 29; D\u00e2rim\u00ee, Rik\u00e2k, 17; Ahmed, VI, 70, 151)<\/p>\n G\u00fcn gelip bu kay\u0131tlar a\u00e7\u0131lacak ve insan ne yapt\u0131ysa hepsini \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulacakt\u0131r. Zerre kadar iyilik yapan onu g\u00f6recek, zerre kadar k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck yapan da onu g\u00f6recektir.[15]<\/a> G\u00fcnahk\u00e2rlar\u0131n o andaki \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 \u015f\u00f6yle ifade buyurur:<\/p>\n \u201cKitap ortaya konulur, su\u00e7lular\u0131n, onda yaz\u0131l\u0131 olanlar sebebiyle deh\u015fetli bir korkuya kap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn. \u00abVay h\u00e2limize! Bu nas\u0131l kitapm\u0131\u015f! K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fck hi\u00e7bir \u015fey b\u0131rakmaks\u0131z\u0131n hepsini say\u0131p d\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f!\u00bb derler. B\u00f6ylece yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131nda bulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Senin Rabbin hi\u00e7 kimseye zulmetmez.\u201d<\/b> (Kehf, 49)<\/p>\n G\u00fcnah\u0131 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck G\u00f6rmemeli<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n \u0130nsan hi\u00e7bir g\u00fcnah\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00f6rmemelidir. Z\u00fchd\u00fc ve ver\u00e2s\u0131 ile me\u015fhur olan Bil\u00e2l bin Sa\u2018d<\/b> Hazretleri \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n \u201cG\u00fcnah\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne de\u011fil, kime kar\u015f\u0131 isy\u00e2n etti\u011fine bak!\u201d (Eb\u00fb Nuaym, Hilye,<\/i> V, 223; Ahmed, Z\u00fchd,<\/i> s. 460)<\/p>\n Abdullah bin Mes\u2019\u00fbd<\/b> t \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131r: \u201cRas\u00fblullah r:<\/p>\n \u00abK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00f6r\u00fclen g\u00fcnahlardan sak\u0131n\u0131n! \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar bir kimsede birikir de neticede onu hel\u00e2k ederler\u00bb <\/i>buyurdu ve \u015fu mis\u00e2li verdi: Bir topluluk bir \u00e7\u00f6lde konaklar. Yemek vakti geldi\u011finde biri gider k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir dal par\u00e7as\u0131, \u00f6b\u00fcr\u00fc ba\u015fka bir dal par\u00e7as\u0131 getirir ve b\u00f6ylece b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u0131\u011f\u0131n olu\u015ftururlar. Sonra bunlarla ate\u015f yakarak i\u00e7ine yiyeceklerini at\u0131p pi\u015firirler.\u201d (Ahmed, I, 402-403; V, 331)<\/p>\n Yine Ras\u00fblullah r, Ved\u00e2 Hutbesi\u2019nde \u00fcmmetini \u015feytana kar\u015f\u0131 \u00eek\u00e2z ettikten sonra \u015f\u00f6yle buyurmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n \u201cK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck deyip hakir g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz amellerden (g\u00fcnahlardan) ka\u00e7\u0131nmak s\u00fbretiyle d\u00eeniniz \u00fczerine titreyiniz!\u201d<\/i> (Heysem\u00ee, III, 267)<\/p>\n \u00c2limlerimiz, \u201cK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00fcnahlar insan\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnahlara, b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnahlar da k\u00fcfre g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr\u201d <\/i><\/b>diye \u00eekazda bulunurlar. (Acl\u00fbn\u00ee, Ke\u015ff\u00fc\u2019l-haf\u00e2,<\/i> no: 2317)<\/p>\n Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak kullar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok sevdi\u011fi i\u00e7in d\u00e2im\u00e2 onlar\u0131n hayr\u0131n\u0131 ister ve her zaman onlara rahmetiyle mu\u00e2mele eder. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Allah, kullar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnah i\u015fleyerek imtihan\u0131 kaybetmelerini ve azaba m\u00e2ruz kalmalar\u0131n\u0131, en m\u00fchimi de Y\u00fcce Z\u00e2t\u0131ndan uzakla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 asla istemez. Nebiyy-i Ekrem r \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/i><\/p>\n \u201cAllah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 k\u0131skan\u0131r. Allah\u2019\u0131n k\u0131skanmas\u0131, m\u00fc\u2019min kulunun O\u2019nun haram k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feyi i\u015flemesi sebebiyledir.\u201d<\/i> (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Nik\u00e2h, 107; M\u00fcslim, Tevbe, 36)<\/p>\n \u201c(Kulunu) Allah\u2019tan daha \u00e7ok k\u0131skanan bir varl\u0131k yoktur. Bu sebeple O, \u00e7irkinliklerin a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da gizlisini de haram k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u2026\u201d<\/i> (M\u00fcslim, Tevbe, 33, 32-35)<\/p>\n Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak, rahmeti icab\u0131, g\u00fcnahk\u00e2rlar\u0131n gafletten uyanarak kendilerine gelmesi veya \u00e2hiretteki cezalar\u0131n\u0131n hafiflemesi i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyada muhtelif mus\u00eebetler de verebilir.[16]<\/a> Bunlar herkes i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 olmay\u0131p, farkl\u0131 farkl\u0131 \u00eekazlar h\u00e2linde gelebilir. Mesela bunlardan biri r\u0131zk\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.[17]<\/a> Takdir edilen r\u0131z\u0131k ki\u015fiye ula\u015fsa bile, g\u00fcnah\u0131 sebebiyle bir yolla elinden \u00e7\u0131kar ve ondan istifade edemez. Nitekim Kalem S\u00fbresi\u2019nde anlat\u0131lan bah\u00e7e sahipleri,<\/b> fakirlerin hakk\u0131n\u0131 vermeden gizlice mahsulleri toplamak istediklerinde, bah\u00e7eleri b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e2fete m\u00e2ruz kalm\u0131\u015f ve simsiyah kesilivermi\u015ftir. (Kalem, 17-33)<\/p>\n \u201cSevab\u201d<\/b>a gelince, o da iyi amellere kar\u015f\u0131 Rabbimizin verece\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. Allah\u2019\u0131n emirlerine itaat eden m\u00fc\u2019minlere, bunun \u201csevab\u0131\u201d hay\u00e2l edemeyecekleri kadar fazlas\u0131yla verilecektir.<\/p>\n \u0130nsan\u0131n \u00e2hiretteki durumu sevab\u0131n\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya \u00e7oklu\u011fu ile belli olacakt\u0131r. Sevab\u0131 \u00e7ok olanlar Cennete, g\u00fcnah\u0131 \u00e7ok olanlar da Cehenneme gidecektir. (K\u00e2ria, 6-11)<\/b><\/p>\n [1]<\/a> \u015eems, 7-8.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [2]<\/a> Y\u00fbsuf, 53; K\u00e2f, 16; Necm, 23.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [3]<\/a> Bakara 2\/95-96.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [4]<\/a> K\u0131y\u00e2me, 2; Fecr, 27-28.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [5]<\/a> Nis\u00e2, 28; Bakara, 155; \u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n, 14.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [6]<\/a> \u00c2l-i \u0130mr\u00e2n, 14, 185; Y\u00fbnus, 23; Ra\u2018d, 26.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [7]<\/a> En\u2018\u00e2m, 116; Furk\u00e2n, 27-29.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [8]<\/a> A\u2018r\u00e2f, 14-18; Hicr, 36-42.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [9]<\/a> Hristiyanlara g\u00f6re Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak, asl\u00ee g\u00fcnahla do\u011fan insanlar\u0131 affetmek i\u00e7in Hz. \u0130sa\u2019y\u0131 \u00e7arm\u0131ha gerdirmi\u015ftir. Bunu duyan pek \u00e7ok insan\u0131n akl\u0131na \u015fu sorular<\/b> tak\u0131l\u0131yor: 1. Niye her \u00e7ocuk Hz. \u00c2dem\u2019in Cennet\u2019te i\u015fledi\u011fi g\u00fcnahla d\u00fcnyaya geliyor? 2. Mademki Yarat\u0131c\u0131 insanlar\u0131 \u00e7ok seviyorsa onlar\u0131n g\u00fcnah\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamak i\u00e7in Hz. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7arm\u0131ha gerilmesini neden gerekli k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f? 3. Hz. \u0130sa\u2019dan \u00f6nce gelen insanlar\u0131n durumu ne olacak? 4. \u00c7arm\u0131ha gerilip ac\u0131 \u00e7eken ve Allah\u2019a dua eden Hz. \u0130sa nas\u0131l il\u00e2h olabilir? (Carol Anyway, Daughters of Another Path,<\/i> Yawna Publication, 1995)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [10]<\/a> Baz\u0131 rivayetlerde \u201cBu din \u00fczere do\u011far\u201d<\/i> diye \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir. (M\u00fcslim, Kader, 23; Ahmed, II, 253) Buh\u00e2r\u00ee<\/b>, \u201cF\u0131trat\u201d\u0131 \u201c\u0130sl\u00e2m\u201d ile tefsir eder. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Tefs\u00eer, 30) \u0130bn-i \u015eih\u00e2b ez-Z\u00fchr\u00ee<\/b> de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde \u201cF\u0131trat\u00fc\u2019l-\u0130sl\u00e2m\u201d diye a\u00e7\u0131klar. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Cen\u00e2iz, 80)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [11]<\/a> En\u2018\u00e2m, 164; \u0130sr\u00e2, 15; F\u00e2t\u0131r, 18; Z\u00fcmer, 7; Necm, 38.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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