\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda Mekkeli m\u00fc\u015frikler, Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019i d\u00e2v\u00e2s\u0131ndan d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in muhtelif tekliflerde bulundular. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019nden herhangi bir t\u00e2viz koparamay\u0131nca, y\u0131ld\u0131rma hareketlerine ba\u015fvurdular. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 eziyet ve i\u015fkencelerini g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e art\u0131rd\u0131lar. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara, Habe\u015fistan<\/b>\u2019a hicret edebileceklerini, zira orada halk\u0131na zulmetmeyen bir h\u00fck\u00fcmd\u00e2r\u0131n bulundu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Bunun \u00fczerine bir k\u0131s\u0131m m\u00fcsl\u00fcman oraya hicret etti. B\u00f6ylece \u0130sl\u00e2m, Med\u00eene\u2019den \u00f6nce Afrika<\/b>\u2019ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n
M\u00fc\u015frikler, hicret eden m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 geri getirmek i\u00e7in, k\u0131ymetli hediyelerle birlikte el\u00e7iler g\u00f6nderdiler. M\u00fc\u015friklerin iftir\u00e2 ve yalanlar\u0131n\u0131 dinleyen Nec\u00e2\u015f\u00ee, s\u00f6z\u00fc m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n temsilcisi C\u00e2fer bin Eb\u00ee T\u00e2lib<\/b>\u2019e verdi. Cafer (r.a) g\u00fczel bir konu\u015fma yapt\u0131. Bunu s\u00fck\u00fbnet ve dikkatle dinleyen Nec\u00e2\u015f\u00ee:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2013Peygamber oldu\u011funu iddi\u00e2 eden o \u015fahs\u0131n, Allah\u2019tan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feylerden ezberinizde olan var m\u0131?\u201d diye sordu. Cafer (r.a), \u201cEvet\u201d deyince biraz okumas\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Cafer (r.a) h\u00fb\u015f\u00fb i\u00e7inde Meryem S\u00fbresi\u2019nden okumaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Zekeriyy\u00e2 (a.s), sonra Yahya (a.s), onun ard\u0131ndan Meryem v\u00e2lidemizle ilgili \u00e2yetler birbirini takip etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar, Kur\u2019\u00e2n dilinden i\u015fitildik\u00e7e kalpler yumu\u015fam\u0131\u015f, g\u00f6zlerden ya\u015flar bo\u015fanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. C\u00e2fer (r.a) til\u00e2vetine son verince g\u00f6z\u00fc ve g\u00f6nl\u00fc dolu dolu olan Nec\u00e2\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131p:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2013\u015e\u00fcphesiz \u015fu dinlediklerim ile Hz. \u0130s\u00e2\u2019n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi, ayn\u0131 n\u00fbr kayna\u011f\u0131ndan f\u0131\u015fk\u0131r\u0131yor!\u201d<\/i><\/b> dedi. Sonra da Kurey\u015f el\u00e7ilerine d\u00f6nerek:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u2013Geldi\u011finiz yere geri d\u00f6n\u00fcn! Allah\u2019a yemin olsun ki onlar\u0131 size asl\u00e2 vermem\u201d dedi ve onlar\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndan savd\u0131. O g\u00fcnlerde m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan Nec\u00e2\u015f\u00ee, Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Efendimiz\u2019e muhabbet dolu mektublar yazd\u0131, h\u00fcrmetlerini arzetti ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 hediyele\u015ftiler.[1]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n Bir m\u00fcddet sonra da el\u00e7ilerini Ras\u00fbl-i Ekrem Efendimiz\u2019e g\u00f6nderdi. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) onlarla yak\u0131ndan ilgilendi ve bizzat hizmet etti. Ash\u00e2b-\u0131 kir\u00e2m, \u201cSiz yorulmay\u0131n, biz hizmet ederiz!\u201d deyince, Efendimiz (s.a.v)\u2019in verdi\u011fi cevap \u00e7ok m\u00e2nidard\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Bunlar Habe\u015fistan\u2019a hicret eden ash\u00e2b\u0131ma yer g\u00f6sterip ikr\u00e2mda bulundular. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u015fimdi ben de onlara hizmet etmek isterim!\u201d<\/i> (Beyhak\u00ee, \u015euabu\u2019l-\u00cem\u00e2n,<\/i> VI, 518, VII, 436)<\/p>\n Bir k\u0131s\u0131m m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla yakla\u015f\u0131k 15 sene Habe\u015fistan\u2019da kalan C\u00e2fer-i Tayyar (r.a) hicretin 7. senesinde Medine\u2019ye d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Nec\u00e2\u015f\u00ee, C\u00e2fer (r.a) ile birlikte 70 Afrikal\u0131<\/b> g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti. Onlar\u0131n hepsi de, kilise ve din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n en iyileri idi. Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v), onlara Y\u00e2s\u00een S\u00fbresi<\/b>\u2019ni okudu. S\u00fbreyi sonuna kadar dinlediler, a\u011flad\u0131lar ve hakikati idrak ettiler:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Bu, Hz. \u0130sa\u2019ya indirilene \u00e7ok benziyor!\u201d<\/i><\/b> diyerek m\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldular.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n Bir g\u00fcn Ras\u00fblullah (s.a.v) Hz. C\u00e2fer\u2019e, Habe\u015fistan\u2019da g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc c\u00e2lib-i dikkat h\u00e2diseleri anlatmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyince, C\u00e2fer-i Tayyar \u015fu h\u00e2t\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 nakletti:<\/p>\n \u201cBir g\u00fcn oturuyorduk. Ya\u015fl\u0131 bir r\u00e2hibe yan\u0131m\u0131zdan ge\u00e7ti. Ba\u015f\u0131nda da b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7e bir su testisi vard\u0131. Bir gen\u00e7 bu zavall\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131 arkas\u0131ndan itti. Kad\u0131n iki dizinin \u00fcst\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve ba\u015f\u0131ndaki testi k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Rahibe aya\u011fa kalkarak o gence \u015f\u00f6yle bir bakt\u0131 ve:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Ey z\u00e2lim! Yar\u0131n Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 ad\u00e2let k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koydu\u011funda, gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131 bir yere toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, eller ve ayaklar yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 itiraf etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve Allah mazlumun hakk\u0131n\u0131 z\u00e2limden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, aram\u0131zdaki d\u00e2van\u0131n nas\u0131l h\u00e2lledildi\u011fini g\u00f6receksin!\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n Bu s\u00f6zleri duyunca, Peygamber Efendimiz tebess\u00fcm etti ve \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdu:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Kad\u0131n do\u011fru s\u00f6ylemi\u015f. Evet, do\u011fru s\u00f6ylemi\u015f. Zay\u0131flar\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fclerden al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir toplumu Allah nas\u0131l temize \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r!\u201d<\/i> <\/i>(\u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Fiten, 20; Eb\u00fb Ya\u2019l\u00e2, M\u00fcsned,<\/i> IV, 7-8; \u0130bn-i Hibb\u00e2n, XI, 443-444)<\/p>\n Teb\u00fck d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc Receb ay\u0131 i\u00e7inde iken, Habe\u015f Nec\u00e2\u015f\u00eesi vef\u00e2t etmi\u015fti. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc (s.a.v) Nec\u00e2\u015f\u00ee\u2019nin vef\u00e2t\u0131n\u0131 hemen o g\u00fcn ash\u00e2b\u0131na haber verdi ve:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Uzak bir beldede \u00f6len karde\u015finizin cen\u00e2ze namaz\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131lal\u0131m!\u201d<\/i> buyurdu.<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Y\u00e2 Ras\u00fblall\u00e2h! Kimdir o?\u201d diye sorduklar\u0131nda, Fahr-i K\u00e2in\u00e2t (s.a.v):<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Nec\u00e2\u015f\u00ee Ashama\u2019d\u0131r! Bug\u00fcn Allah\u2019\u0131n s\u00e2lih kulu Ashama \u00f6ld\u00fc! Karde\u015finiz i\u00e7in All\u00e2h\u2019tan ma\u011ffiret dileyiniz!\u201d<\/i> buyurdu ve g\u0131y\u00e2b\u00ee cen\u00e2ze namaz\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131rd\u0131. (M\u00fcslim, Cen\u00e2iz 62-68; Ahmed, III 319, IV 7)<\/p>\n Daha sonra, Nec\u00e2\u015f\u00ee\u2019nin tam olarak Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn haber verdi\u011fi g\u00fcn vef\u00e2t etti\u011fi \u00f6\u011frenildi.<\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m Hz. \u00d6mer<\/b> (r.a) zaman\u0131nda Afrika\u2019n\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde yay\u0131lmaya devam etti. Hz. Osman<\/b> (r.a) kumandanlar\u0131na, hi\u00e7 vakit kaybetmeden Afrika \u00fczerinden gidip Cebel-i T\u00e2r\u0131k\u2019\u0131 ge\u00e7erek End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019e girmeleri emrini vermi\u015fti. Bu emir, \u0130stanbul\u2019un bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak fethin kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden kaynaklan\u0131yordu. Bu sebeple o, End\u00fcl\u00fcs seferine kat\u0131lanlara \u015fu mektubu yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131:<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130stanbul ancak End\u00fcl\u00fcs taraf\u0131ndan fethedilebilir. E\u011fer oray\u0131 fethederseniz, \u00e2hir zamanda \u0130stanbul\u2019u fethedenlerin ecrine siz de ortak olursunuz. Ve\u2019s-sel\u00e2m.\u201d<\/i>[3]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n B\u00f6ylece Hz. Osman (r.a) devrinde, Kuzey Afrika\u2019daki fetihler tamamlanm\u0131\u015f, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7 olan Bizans\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131dan s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 planlar\u0131 tatb\u00eek\u00e2ta konulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Bu esn\u00e2da Bizans\u2019\u0131n z\u00e2lim idaresinden ve kilisenin bask\u0131s\u0131ndan iyice bunalm\u0131\u015f olan Afrika kabileleri kolayca m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor ve sonra da \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a giriyordu.<\/p>\n Mu\u00e2viye bin Eb\u00ee S\u00fcfy\u00e2n zaman\u0131nda Ukbe bin N\u00e2fi\u2018<\/b> (r.aleyh), Afrika\u2019ya g\u00f6nderildi. Tevh\u00eed sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Afrika<\/b>\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131yan Hazret-i Ukbe, Kayravan\u2019\u0131 zaptedince oraya id\u00e2reci tayin etti\u011fi Z\u00fcheyr bin Kays\u2019a:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Ben nefsimi All\u00e2h\u2019a satt\u0131m. All\u00e2h\u2019\u0131 ink\u00e2r edenlerle cih\u00e2d etmeye son nefesime kadar devam edece\u011fim.\u201d diyerek y\u00fcre\u011findeki \u00eel\u00e2-y\u0131 kelimetullah heyecan\u0131n\u0131 if\u00e2de etti. Hak\u00eekaten, n\u00e2il oldu\u011fu say\u0131s\u0131z zaferler neticesinde pek \u00e7ok beldeyi fethetti. Sonunda s\u0131n\u0131rlar okyanusa dayand\u0131. Ukbe (r.aleyh) ellerini y\u00fcce derg\u00e2ha a\u00e7arak:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2013Y\u00e2 Rabb\u00ee! \u015eu okyanus olmasayd\u0131 muhakkak ki Sen\u2019in yolunda cih\u00e2d ederek \u00f6n\u00fcmdeki beldelerde ilerlemeye devam ederdim.\u201d dedi. B\u00f6ylece \u00eem\u00e2n\u0131 a\u015fkla ya\u015fayan bir m\u00fc\u2019minin g\u00f6n\u00fcl ufkunu sergiledi.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n Daha sonraki zamanlarda \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n Afrika\u2019da yay\u0131lmas\u0131na tic\u00e2ret ve tasavvuf erbab\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck hizmetleri oldu. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman t\u00e2cir ve tebli\u011fcilerin g\u00fc\u00adn\u00fcn belli zamanlar\u0131nda abdest al\u0131p na\u00admaz k\u0131lmalar\u0131, dua etmeleri, cuma ve bayram namazlar\u0131, kurban kesme gibi ibadetleri yerlilerin dikkatini \u00e7ekti. Onlarla kurulan yak\u0131n ve sam\u00eem\u00ee m\u00fcnasebetler, muhta\u00e7 ve kimsesizlere yap\u0131lan yard\u0131mlar g\u00fcven telkin etti ve m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarla kolayca kayna\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman t\u00e2cir ve muha\u00adcirlerin yerli kad\u0131nlarla evlenerek akrab\u00e2 olmalar\u0131 da \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n tebli\u011fini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman tebli\u011fciler s\u0131n\u0131f far\u00adk\u0131 g\u00f6zetmezdi. Yerliler, m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olur olmaz kendilerini tebli\u011fcilerle ayn\u0131 seviyede bulurlard\u0131. Hristi\u00adyan misyonerler ise kendilerini yerli halk\u00adtan \u00fcst\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcr, yerli kad\u0131nlarla ev\u00adlenmezdi. Bu durum, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n siyahlar\u0131n dini, hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n da beyazlar\u0131n dini oldu\u011fu \u015feklinde bir yanl\u0131\u015f kanaatin do\u011fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n Tasavvuf\u00ee ahl\u00e2k\u0131n Afrika\u2019ya yerle\u015fmesiyle kabileler aras\u0131 i\u00e7 kavgalar s\u00fck\u00fbnete erdi, tefrikan\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ildi ve insanlar birbiriyle karde\u015f oldular. Tasavvuf ehli, medrese ve zaviyelere b\u00fcy\u00fck ehemmiyet verdi. K\u00f6leleri sat\u0131n al\u0131p \u00e2z\u00e2d ederek tasavvuf\u00ee terbiyeden ge\u00e7irdikten sonra tebli\u011fde bulunmak \u00fczere kendi memleketlerine g\u00f6nderdiler. Bu faaliyet, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n tebli\u011finde son derece faydal\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n 15. as\u0131rda Avrupal\u0131 devletler ekonomik maksatlarla Afrika\u2019ya girmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. 17. as\u0131rda Afrika\u2019y\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrme hus\u00fbsunda birbirleriyle rek\u00e2bete giri\u015ftiler. K\u0131tadaki alt\u0131n, fildi\u015fi, baharat, palmiye ya\u011f\u0131 gibi k\u0131ymetli e\u015fy\u00e2y\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor, insanlar\u0131 k\u00f6lele\u015ftirip gemilerle Avrupa\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131yor ve sat\u0131yorlard\u0131. Buna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan yerliler \u015fiddetle ve kanl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde bast\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n 18. asr\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru Afrika\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerini ve zenginliklerini ke\u015ffetmek i\u00e7in \u015firketler kurulmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Devletlerin deste\u011fiyle seyyahlar, k\u0131tay\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f kar\u0131\u015f gezip inceliyordu. Onlar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan kilisenin deste\u011fiyle misyonerler Afrika\u2019n\u0131n her taraf\u0131na da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n 19. as\u0131rda h\u0131zl\u0131 sanayile\u015fme neticesinde Avrupa \u00fclkeleri, ucuz ham madde temini ve \u00fcrettikleri mallar i\u00e7in yeni pazarlar bulma g\u00e2yesiyle Afrika\u2019y\u0131 ve uygun bulduklar\u0131 di\u011fer yerleri s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirmeye h\u0131z verdiler. Afrika\u2019y\u0131 h\u0131zla ele ge\u00e7irip fiilen i\u015fgal ettiler ve payla\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Afrika, 1950\u2019den sonra yava\u015f yava\u015f h\u00fcrriyetini kazanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ancak bu seferde Avrupa devletleri, Afrikal\u0131lar\u0131 iktis\u00e2d\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131dan kendilerine ba\u011flam\u0131\u015f ve geriye i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara sebep olan s\u00fbn\u00ee s\u0131n\u0131rlar, az\u0131nl\u0131klar, bat\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle yeti\u015ftirdikleri insanlar gibi pek\u00e7ok mesele b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n S\u00f6m\u00fcrge d\u00f6neminde Afrika\u2019da pek\u00e7ok \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee cih\u00e2d hareketi ve tasavvuf\u00ee faaliyetler oldu. Bunlar, o b\u00f6lgede \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n ayakta kalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. 1950\u2019lere kadar Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Afrika\u2019daki s\u00f6m\u00fcrge v\u00e2lili\u011fi vazifesini y\u00fcr\u00fcten hristiyan yazar Hubier Deshan,<\/b> Siyah Afrika\u2019da Dinler<\/i> isimli eserinde \u015f\u00f6yle der:<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu yerdeki yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, zorlamaya dayal\u0131 de\u011fildir. Tam aksine muhtelif vas\u0131flara sahip d\u00e2vet\u00e7ilerin ikn\u00e2 kabiliyetleriyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00e2vet\u00e7ilerin entrikalardan haberleri yoktu, madd\u00ee g\u00fc\u00e7leri de bulunmuyordu. \u0130sl\u00e2m daha \u00e7ok, kavimden kavime bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 s\u0131zmalar \u015feklinde yay\u0131l\u0131yordu. Aristokratlardan biri m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olunca ki d\u00e2vet\u00e7ilerin hedefleri de budur, hemen arkas\u0131ndan t\u00fcm kabile onu izliyordu. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran bir di\u011fer unsur da onun f\u0131tr\u00ee bir din olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Onu kavramak kolayd\u0131r. Esaslar\u0131nda ve k\u00e2idelerinde bir giriftlik ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir. Farkl\u0131 ortamlara uyum sa\u011flamas\u0131 ve girmesi kolayd\u0131r. Bir insan\u0131n \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a girmesi \u00e7ok basittir. Kelime-i \u015feh\u00e2det\u2019i s\u00f6ylemesi yeterlidir. Bunu s\u00f6yler s\u00f6ylemez art\u0131k o m\u00fcsl\u00fcmand\u0131r.\u201d (M. H\u00fcseyin Fadlallah, \u0130sl\u00e2m ve Kuvvetin Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/i> s. 217)<\/p>\n Afrika\u2019da misyonerlik faaliyetleri 1860\u2019tan sonra \u00e7ok geni\u015flemi\u015f ve bug\u00fcn art\u0131k B\u00fcy\u00fck Sahra\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki sahalarda hristiyan misyonu bulunmayan pek az yer kal\u00adm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla birlikte hristiyanl\u0131k, \u0130sl\u00e2m dininin uzun zamandan beri h\u00e2\u00adkim oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde fazla say\u0131da in\u00adsan\u0131 dininden d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeye muvaffak olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn ise \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n h\u00adristiyanl\u0131k\u2019tan daha h\u0131zl\u0131 yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6\u00adr\u00fclmektedir. Um\u00fbm\u00ee olarak B\u00fcy\u00fck Sahra\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyin\u00addeki \u00fclkelerde n\u00fcfusun % 25\u2019ten biraz fazlas\u0131 m\u00fcsl\u00fcmand\u0131r. Hristiyanlar\u0131n ora\u00adn\u0131 % 25\u2019ten az olup kalan % 50\u2019si gele\u00adneksel kabile dinlerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Afrika n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k % 50\u2019si m\u00fcsl\u00fcmand\u0131r. Gine k\u00f6rfezinin kuzey k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 boyunca s\u0131ralanan \u00fclkelerde ise n\u00fc\u00adfusun % 80\u2019den fazlas\u0131, Kuzey Afrika \u00fclkeleri ile Somali\u2019nin de tamam\u0131 m\u00fcsl\u00fcmand\u0131r. Kon\u00adgo Halk Cumhuriyeti ile Zambiya\u2019da ise m\u00fcsl\u00fcman azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n Afrika, m\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfus oran\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu k\u0131tad\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m, Afrika\u2019da yaln\u0131z inan\u00e7lar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7mam\u0131\u015f, bunun yan\u0131nda sosyal, k\u00fcl\u00adt\u00fcrel ve iktisad\u00ee bak\u0131mdan da k\u0131tada bir geli\u015fme unsuru olmu\u015ftur. Dar \u00e2ile ve kabile ba\u011flar\u0131, yerini za\u00admanla daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sosyal ve siyas\u00ee ba\u011f\u00adlara terketmi\u015f, kabileler birle\u015ferek dev\u00adletler kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. E\u011fitim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr seviye\u00adsi y\u00fckselmi\u015f, b\u00fcy\u00fck ilim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr mer\u00adkezleri te\u015fekk\u00fcl etmi\u015ftir. Ticaret, sanat ve ziraatta b\u00fcy\u00fck ilerlemeler kaydedilmi\u015ftir. \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n tesiriyle insan eti ye\u00adme, tanr\u0131lara insan kurban etme, \u00e7o\u00adcuklar\u0131 diri diri topra\u011fa g\u00f6mme gibi in\u00adsanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e2detler kalkm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7\u0131r\u0131l\u00e7\u0131plak ge\u00adzenler \u00f6rt\u00fcnmeye, hi\u00e7 y\u0131kanmayanlar y\u0131kanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bilhassa Kuzey ve Bat\u0131 Afrika\u2019da ba\u015ftan beri birbirini ta\u00adkip eden \u0130sl\u00e2m cihad ve \u0131slah hareketle\u00adri ile tarikatlar, ger\u00ad\u00e7ek \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee inan\u00e7 ve hayat tarz\u0131n\u0131n yerliler aras\u0131nda yerle\u015fmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Hac ibadetinin de bu hususta \u00e7ok m\u00fchim faydalar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m, daha \u00e7ok \u015fehir merkezlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu sebeple \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131, k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelere ve k\u00f6ylere ta\u015f\u0131yacak sam\u00eem\u00ee ve gayretli yerli tebli\u011fcilere \u00e7ok ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n [1]<\/a> \u0130bn-i Hi\u015f\u00e2m, I, 358-360; \u0130bn-i Sa\u2019d, I, 258; Taber\u00ee, Tefsir<\/i>, VII, 4, (el-M\u00e2ide, 83); Ham\u00eedull\u00e2h, el-Ves\u00e2ik<\/i>, s. 100, 104-105.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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