\u0130nsanl\u0131k peygamberlerin getirdi\u011fi il\u00e2h\u00ee esaslardan uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, be\u015fer\u00ee arzu ve ihtiraslar\u0131n pen\u00e7esinde k\u0131vranmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 zul\u00fcm, i\u015fkence ve yokluk alt\u0131nda ezilirken bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da zenginlik, israf ve debdebenin en korkuncunu ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Zenginler, l\u00fcks ve konfor y\u00fcz\u00fcnden dine ald\u0131r\u0131\u015f etmiyor, \u00e2hirete ehemmiyet vermiyor, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve \u00f6tesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyordu. \u00c7ift\u00e7iler ve i\u015f\u00e7iler gibi fakir tabaka da hayat \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n zorlu\u011fu, keder ve \u0131zd\u0131raplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fu sebebiyle dine ehemmiyet veremiyordu. B\u00f6ylece \u00f6nceki peygamberlerin getirdi\u011fi risalet, \u00fcst\u00fcn ahl\u00e2k ve faziletler, meden\u00ee d\u00fcnyada, azd\u0131ran zenginlik ile zavall\u0131 fakirlik aras\u0131nda kaybolup gitmi\u015fti. Defalarca getirmi\u015f olduklar\u0131 ir\u015fat me\u015faleleri, kendilerinden sonra kopan kas\u0131rgalarda s\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f, geriye kalan \u0131\u015f\u0131k da \u00e2ile ve \u015fehirleri de\u011fil ancak tek tek baz\u0131 kalpleri ayd\u0131nlatabilecek kadar zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Din adamlar\u0131 ise, ya fitneler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda s\u0131rf \u015fahs\u00ee olarak dinlerini kurtarmak, ya huzur ve rahat d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya da korkakl\u0131k ve zaaflar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 uzlete \u00e7ekilip ibadethanelerine s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Hayat sahnesinde kalanlar da, h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar ve kapitalist ruhlu ki\u015filerle anla\u015farak onlar\u0131n su\u00e7lar\u0131na, zorbal\u0131klar\u0131na ve halk\u0131n mallar\u0131n\u0131 haks\u0131z yere yemelerine ortak oluyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/b>\u2019nda mezhep kavgalar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131 arkas\u0131 kesilmiyordu. Yahudi ve hristiyanlar aras\u0131ndaki korkun\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda e\u015fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir vah\u015fet ya\u015fan\u0131yordu. Gerek Roma\u2019da gerekse do\u011fuda i\u00e7tim\u00e2\u00ee \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc son haddine varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Halk\u0131n \u00fczerindeki felaket bulutlar\u0131 yetmiyormu\u015f gibi vergiler ve pahal\u0131l\u0131k da olanca a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00fcst \u00fcste y\u0131\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130ran<\/b>, d\u00fcnyaca me\u015fhur anar\u015fist ruhlu ki\u015filerin faaliyet sahas\u0131 halindeydi. Ahl\u00e2k\u00ee esaslar, senelerden beri \u00e7e\u015fitli sars\u0131nt\u0131 ve deprasyonlar\u0131n tesiri alt\u0131nda eriyip kaybolmu\u015ftu. Mesel\u00e2, Mil\u00e2d\u00ee 5. asr\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan II. Yezdigert<\/b>, kendi k\u0131z\u0131yla evlenmi\u015f, daha sonra da onu \u00f6ld\u00fcrtm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.[1]<\/a> \u0130ran\u2019da bir ara Mani<\/b> isimli biri \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, bek\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 savunmu\u015f, insan neslini kurutmaya azmetmi\u015fti. Ard\u0131ndan Mazdek<\/b> \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f servet ve kad\u0131n\u0131n tamamen ortak ve e\u015fit kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savunarak insanl\u0131\u011fa tamamen ved\u00e2 etmek istemi\u015fti. Cins\u00ee arzular iyice azg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130ran h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131 Kisr\u00e2\u2019lar kuds\u00eele\u015ftiriliyordu. S\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131nda korkun\u00e7 bir u\u00e7urum ve dengesizlik meydana gelmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkler<\/b>, Mo\u011follar ve Japonlar gibi Orta Asya ve Do\u011fu \u00fclkelerinde ya\u015fayan di\u011fer milletler bozuk bir Budizm ile g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7 bir putperestli\u011fin aras\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n Hindistan<\/b>\u2019da 6. as\u0131rda putperestlik son noktas\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Vedalar\u2019daki ilahlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 33 iken bu as\u0131rda 330.000.000 olmu\u015ftu. Parlak, cazip ve hayat i\u00e7in gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclen her \u015fey ilah kabul edilip tap\u0131l\u0131yordu.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n Araplar<\/b>da da putperestlik, i\u00e7ki, kumar, faiz, zina, kabile tassubu, kan davas\u0131 gibi k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckler iyice ilerlemi\u015fti. \u0130nsanlar a\u011faca, ta\u015fa, nehre ve daha buna benzer, kendilerine bile fayda ve zarar\u0131 dokunmayan varl\u0131klara tap\u0131yorlard\u0131. Akl\u00ee melekeleri bozularak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00e2lemleri alt\u00fcst olmu\u015ftu. K\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 diri diri topra\u011fa g\u00f6mecek kadar sap\u0131tm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n K\u0131sacas\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her taraf\u0131nda bir peri\u015fanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. \u0130nsanl\u0131k, nefs\u00e2niyet \u00e7\u00f6llerinde yolunu kaybetmi\u015f, susuzluktan dudaklar\u0131 kurumu\u015f, karanl\u0131ktan \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6remez h\u00e2le gelmi\u015fti ki, Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak merhamet etti ve Son Peygamber\u2019ini g\u00f6nderdi. Tebli\u011f vazifesine ba\u015flayan Ras\u00fblullah r, insanlar\u0131n \u015fiddetli mukavemetleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131. Yoluna \u00e7\u0131kan b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ve zorluklara emsalsiz bir sab\u0131r ve fed\u00e2k\u00e2rl\u0131kla katland\u0131 ve nihayetinde \u0130sl\u00e2m dinini insanl\u0131\u011fa tebli\u011f etti. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00e7\u00f6ken karanl\u0131klar i\u00e7inde il\u00e2h\u00ee bir n\u00fbr parlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. O n\u00fbrun ad\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m idi.<\/p>\n – \u00a0\u0130sl\u00e2m, her \u015feyden evvel insanl\u0131\u011fa do\u011fru bir inan\u00e7 getirdi. \u0130nsanlar kendilerini yaratan y\u00fcce kudreti tan\u0131d\u0131lar ve O\u2019nun vas\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendiler.<\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n getirdi\u011fi iman esaslar\u0131, insan\u0131n emniyet, iffet, haysiyet ve \u015ferefinin biricik bek\u00e7isiydi. Hi\u00e7 kimsenin g\u00f6remeyece\u011fi yaln\u0131z ve \u0131ss\u0131z yerlerde bile, kuduran \u015fehev\u00ee arzu ve ihtiraslara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7elikten bir z\u0131rh gibi duruyordu.[3]<\/a> Allah\u2019\u0131n kendisini g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, \u015fah damar\u0131ndan daha yak\u0131n oldu\u011funu, meleklerin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00f6z ve fiillerini kaydetti\u011fini ve \u00e2hirette b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hes\u00e2ba \u00e7ekilece\u011fini bilen bir insan nas\u0131l haks\u0131zl\u0131k yapabilir ki?! Taber\u00ee<\/b> (v. 310\/923) \u015f\u00f6yle nakleder:<\/p>\n \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Med\u00e2in<\/b> \u015fehrini zaptettikleri zaman b\u00fct\u00fcn ganimetleri toplad\u0131lar. Bu arada bir adam yakla\u015ft\u0131. Elinde bir k\u00fcp alt\u0131n vard\u0131. K\u00fcp\u00fc ganimetleri toplayan memura verdi. Memurun yan\u0131nda bulunanlar:<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2013\u015eimdiye kadar b\u00f6ylesini hi\u00e7 g\u00f6rmedik! Elimizdeki t\u00fcm e\u015fyalar bunun de\u011ferine ula\u015famaz, hatta ona yakla\u015famaz bile!..\u00bb dediler.<\/p>\n Alt\u0131nlar\u0131 getiren z\u00e2ta:<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2013Bunlardan bir \u015fey ald\u0131n m\u0131?\u00bb diye sordular.<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2013Allah\u2019a yemin ederim ki Allah korkusu olmasayd\u0131 bu k\u00fcp\u00fc size getirmezdim\u00bb dedi. O \u015fahs\u0131n iyi bir ki\u015fi oldu\u011funu anlad\u0131lar ve:<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2013Sen kimsin?\u00bb diye sordular.<\/p>\n \u00ab\u2013Allah\u2019a yemin ederim ki sizin ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6vg\u00fcs\u00fcnden uzak kalarak nefsimin gur\u00fbrundan ve riy\u00e2dan kurtulmak i\u00e7in kim oldu\u011fumu s\u00f6ylemeyece\u011fim. Ancak \u015fu kadar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyeyim ki ben Allah\u2019a hamdeden ve O\u2019nun m\u00fck\u00e2f\u00e2t\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey istemeyen bir kulum\u00bb dedi.<\/p>\n D\u00f6n\u00fcp giderken pe\u015fine bir ki\u015fi takt\u0131lar ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na var\u0131ncaya kadar onu takip ettirdiler. Takip eden ki\u015fi, arkada\u015flar\u0131na onun kim oldu\u011funu sordu, onlar da \u00c2mir bin Abdikays<\/b> g oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylediler.\u201d[4]<\/a><\/p>\n –\u00a0 \u0130nsanlar zamanla Allah\u2019\u0131n kendilerinden ne istedi\u011fini, O\u2019na nas\u0131l kulluk etmeleri gerekti\u011fini ve her \u015feyden \u00e7ok sevdikleri Rablerine nas\u0131l yakla\u015facaklar\u0131n\u0131 bilemez olmu\u015flard\u0131. \u0130sl\u00e2m onlara, insan\u0131 Allah\u2019a yakla\u015ft\u0131racak en g\u00fczel ibadet \u015fekillerini \u00f6\u011fretti.<\/p>\n –\u00a0 D\u00fcnya um\u00fbm\u00ee olarak m\u00fcthi\u015f bir ahl\u00e2k\u00ee \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Baz\u0131 ahl\u00e2k\u00ee vas\u0131flar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yanlar da bunlar\u0131n asl\u0131n\u0131 bozmu\u015flard\u0131. \u0130sl\u00e2m g\u00fczel ahl\u00e2k\u0131 yeniden t\u00e2lim etti. \u0130nsanlar\u0131 bencillikten kurtar\u0131p di\u011ferg\u00e2m h\u00e2le getirdi. Birbirini yiyen insanlar, birbirlerinin iyili\u011fini ister ve hizmetine ko\u015far duruma geldiler.<\/p>\n –\u00a0 Kabile asabiyeti, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, zengin fakir ayr\u0131m\u0131 ortadan kalkt\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n e\u015fit oldu\u011fu herkese ilan edildi. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n derecesi Allah\u2019a yapt\u0131klar\u0131 kullukla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr oldu. \u0130nsanl\u0131k, hakik\u00ee \u015feref ve haysiyetine kavu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n –\u00a0 Sevgiyi kaybetmi\u015f olan insanl\u0131k, \u0130sl\u00e2m s\u00e2yesinde \u201cSevgi Medeniyeti\u201d<\/b>ni kurdu. \u0130nsanlar, \u201cYarat\u0131lan\u0131 sev Yaratan\u2019dan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc\u201d<\/i><\/b> anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131yla di\u011fer insanlar\u0131, hayvanlar\u0131, bitkileri ve hatta cans\u0131z varl\u0131klar\u0131 bile sevmeyi \u00f6\u011frendiler.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n –\u00a0 \u0130sl\u00e2m, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f en b\u00fcy\u00fck medeniyetini kurdu. \u0130slam medeniyeti; toplumuyla, ticaretiyle, sanat\u0131yla, ekonomisiyle, mimarisiyle, musikisiyle insanl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck hizmetler etti.<\/p>\n –\u00a0 \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n insanl\u0131\u011fa \u00f6\u011fretti\u011fi en m\u00fchim hususlardan birisi de temizliktir.<\/p>\n Kur\u2019\u00e2n\u2019\u0131n hemen ikinci vahyinde Hakk\u2019\u0131n azametine, nez\u00e2fet, taharet ve temizli\u011fin l\u00fcz\u00fbmuna,<\/i><\/b> <\/i>pis ve k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015feylerden uzakla\u015f\u0131p<\/i><\/b> <\/i>putlara ibadet etmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmaya temas edilmi\u015ftir.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah r suyun alt\u0131n kadar k\u0131ymetli oldu\u011fu ve \u00e7ok az bulundu\u011fu topraklarda do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Buna ra\u011fmen o ve ash\u00e2b\u0131, g\u00fcnde en az 5 kere abdest al\u0131yorlard\u0131. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc r, s\u0131k s\u0131k banyo yapmay\u0131 tavsiye ediyor, en ge\u00e7 haftada bir defa banyo yapman\u0131n Allah\u2019\u0131n kullar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki bir hakk\u0131 oldu\u011funu ifade ediyordu.[7]<\/a> Yine o, ash\u00e2b\u0131na, Cuma namaz\u0131na gelirken i\u015f elbiselerini \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p temiz elbiseler giymelerini tavsiye ediyordu.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n –\u00a0 \u0130sl\u00e2m, \u00e7\u00f6llerde yokluk ve imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ve cahil bir milletten ilim ve irfan toplumu meydana getirdi.<\/p>\n –\u00a0 \u0130sl\u00e2m, insanlar\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc ve zararl\u0131 al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klardan kurtard\u0131. Ras\u00fblullah r, Allah\u2019\u0131n emriyle i\u00e7kiyi yasaklay\u0131nca, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar bu emre itaat hus\u00fbsunda en ufak bir teredd\u00fct g\u00f6stermediler. \u0130\u00e7ki, \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u0130slam toplumunun g\u00fcndeminden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p gitti. Benzer bir yasa\u011f\u0131 uygulamak isteyen Amerika, bu asr\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda i\u00e7kiyi yasaklayarak s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 etti. \u0130\u00e7kinin k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck ve zararlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in dergileri, gazeteleri, konferanslar\u0131, foto\u011fraf sergilerini, sinemalar\u0131 ve buna benzer asr\u0131n modern yay\u0131n vas\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131 seferber etti. Bu kampanyada propaganda masraf\u0131 olarak 60.000.000 dolar sarfetti. Yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ne\u015friyat 10 milyar sayfay\u0131 ge\u00e7ti. 14 sene s\u00fcren m\u00fccadele m\u00fcddetince 250.000.000 c\u00fcneyhten fazla para harcad\u0131. Bu zaman zarf\u0131nda 300 ki\u015fi idam edildi, 532.335 vatanda\u015f hapse at\u0131ld\u0131. 480.000.000 lira para cezas\u0131 tahsil edildi. M\u00fcsadere edilen arazinin tutar\u0131 4.132.000.000 liraya ula\u015ft\u0131. Fakat b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7kiye daha fazla d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fck g\u00f6stermesine ve i\u00e7ki al\u0131\u015fveri\u015finin g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne artmas\u0131na sebep oldu. Nihayet Amerika h\u00fck\u00fbmeti 1933 senesinde bu kanunu kald\u0131r\u0131p i\u00e7kiyi tamamen serbest b\u0131rakt\u0131.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n Amerikal\u0131 Profes\u00f6r Julius Hirsch<\/b> \u015f\u00f6yle der:<\/p>\n \u201cKur\u2019\u00e2n ve Hz. Muhammed, i\u00e7kiyi yasaklam\u0131\u015f ve y\u00fczy\u0131llarca b\u00fcy\u00fck insan kitlelerini i\u00e7kinin zararlar\u0131ndan koruyabilmi\u015flerdir. Bu netice 20. as\u0131rda m\u00fcnevver Amerika\u2019da her \u00e7e\u015fit propagandaya ve fenn\u00ee y\u00fckseli\u015fe ra\u011fmen elde edilememi\u015ftir.\u201d[10]<\/a><\/p>\n –\u00a0 \u0130sl\u00e2m, faiz borcu alt\u0131nda ezilerek k\u00f6lele\u015fen insanlar\u0131n imd\u00e2d\u0131na yeti\u015fti. Bu haks\u0131z d\u00fczeni kald\u0131r\u0131p yerine merhamet, \u015fefkat ve muhabbet esas\u0131na dayanan karz-\u0131 hasen, yard\u0131mla\u015fma, infak, \u00ees\u00e2r, di\u011ferg\u00e2ml\u0131k, fed\u00e2k\u00e2rl\u0131k gibi faziletleri getirdi. Zaman geldi, insanlar zek\u00e2t verecek fakir bulamaz oldular da zek\u00e2t paralar\u0131yla esir ve k\u00f6leleri \u00e2z\u00e2d ettiler.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n –\u00a0 \u0130sl\u00e2m, asabiyet y\u00fcz\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kan sonu gelmez harpleri ve kan davalar\u0131n\u0131 nihayete erdirdi. Her yere h\u00e2kim olan ter\u00f6r havas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fck\u00fbnete kavu\u015fturdu. \u0130nsanlar k\u00e2fileler h\u00e2linde bile bir yerden bir yere gitmeye korkarken, \u0130sl\u00e2m sayesinde bir kad\u0131n yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131na Arabistan\u2019\u0131n bir ucundan di\u011fer ucuna kadar yolculuk yapabiliyor ve Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fka kimseden korkmuyordu.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m, insanl\u0131\u011fa bunun gibi daha pek \u00e7ok g\u00fczellikler kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hepsini saymak hem uzun s\u00fcrer hem de tam anlam\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaz.<\/p>\n H\u00e2s\u0131l\u0131, \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu h\u00e2diselerin en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr. O, tarihin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc insanl\u0131k, sahip oldu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn iyilik ve g\u00fczellikleri ona bor\u00e7ludur. Meden\u00ee d\u00fcnyada ya\u015fayan hi\u00e7bir din ve hi\u00e7bir medeniyet az veya \u00e7ok \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n tesiri alt\u0131nda kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia edemez.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n Robert Briffault<\/b> \u015f\u00f6yle der:<\/p>\n \u201cAvrupan\u0131n ilerleme kaydetti\u011fi her sahada \u0130sl\u00e2m medeniyetinin mutlaka b\u00fcy\u00fck pay\u0131, hissedilir bir tesiri ve kesin bir rol\u00fc olmu\u015ftur.\u201d[14]<\/a><\/p>\n [1]<\/a> Historian\u2019s Histori of the World, <\/i>. 8, p. 84.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [2]<\/a> Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hasan en-Nedv\u00ee,<\/b> M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n Gerilemesiyle D\u00fcnya Neler Kaybetti,<\/i> trc. Mehmet S\u00fcsl\u00fc, \u0130stanbul 1986, s. 60-61. Bu kitab\u0131n \u0130ngilizce terc\u00fcmesi Islam and The World<\/i> ismiyle Pakistan\u2019\u0131n Lahor \u015fehrindeki Pencap \u00dcniversitesi matbaas\u0131nda bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [3]<\/a> Nedv\u00ee, a.g.e.,<\/i> s. 114.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [4]<\/a> Taber\u00ee, T\u00e2rih,<\/i> Beyrut, 1407, II, 465.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [5]<\/a> Bu konuda Prof. Dr. Ra\u015fit K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Hocaefendi\u2019nin Sevgi Medeniyeti<\/i> (\u0130stanbul 2000) isimli kitab\u0131na bak\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [6]<\/a> M\u00fcddessir, 3-5.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [7]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Ez\u00e2n, 77, Cuma, 2; M\u00fcslim, Cuma, 5-10; Nes\u00e2\u00ee, Cuma, 8.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [8]<\/a> Eb\u00fb D\u00e2vud, Sal\u00e2t, 212-213\/1078; Muvatta\u2019,<\/i> Cuma, 17; \u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, \u0130kametu\u2019s-Sal\u00e2t, 83.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [9]<\/a> Eb\u00fc\u2019l-Hasan en-Nedv\u00ee, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n Gerilemesiyle D\u00fcnya Neler Kaybetti,<\/i> s. 100.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [10]<\/a> Alpaslan \u00d6zyaz\u0131c\u0131, Alkoll\u00fc \u0130\u00e7kiler, Sigara ve Di\u011ferleri,<\/i> Ankara 1996, s. 14-16.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
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