\u0130sl\u00e2m, insana mahl\u00fbk\u00e2t i\u00e7erisinde m\u00fcstesn\u00e2 bir mevk\u00ee ve \u015feref bah\u015feder. \u00c2yet-i kerimelerde \u015f\u00f6yle buyrulur:<\/p>\n
\u201cBiz insan\u0131 en m\u00fckemmel s\u00fbrette yaratt\u0131k.\u201d<\/b> (Tin, 4)<\/p>\n
\u201cGer\u00e7ekten biz insano\u011flunu m\u00fckerrem\/\u015ferefli k\u0131ld\u0131k, karada ve denizde kendilerini ta\u015f\u0131yacak v\u00e2s\u0131talar nasip ettik, onlara hel\u00e2l ve ho\u015f r\u0131z\u0131klar verdik ve onlar\u0131 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z varl\u0131klar\u0131n pek \u00e7o\u011fundan \u00fcst\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131k.\u201d<\/b> (\u0130sr\u00e2, 70)<\/p>\n
\u0130nsana, hayattayken de vef\u00e2t ettikten sonra da h\u00fcrmet edilir. Bu sebeple \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019da, \u00f6len ki\u015filerin cesetleri, temiz ve m\u00fcn\u00e2sip bir yere h\u00fcrmetle defnedilerek insan \u015feref ve haysiyetine uymayan durumlara d\u00fc\u015fmekten korunur. Y\u00e2l\u00e2 bin M\u00fcrre<\/b> t anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n
\u201cNebiyy-i Ekrem Efendimiz\u2019in yan\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok defa seferlere kat\u0131ld\u0131m. Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc r, (harp meydanlar\u0131nda) herhangi bir insan \u00f6l\u00fcs\u00fcne rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, derh\u00e2l defnedilmesini emreder, onun m\u00fcsl\u00fcman m\u0131 k\u00e2fir mi oldu\u011funu sormazd\u0131.\u201d (H\u00e2kim, I, 526\/1374; D\u00e2rekutn\u00ee, IV, 116; Beyhak\u00ee, es-S\u00fcnen\u00fc\u2019l-k\u00fcbr\u00e2,<\/i> III, 386)<\/p>\n
Yine Peygamber Efendimiz:<\/p>\n
\u201c\u00d6l\u00fcn\u00fcn kemi\u011fini k\u0131rmak, aynen canl\u0131 bir insan\u0131n kemi\u011fini k\u0131rmak gibi g\u00fcnaht\u0131r\u201d<\/i> buyurmu\u015ftur. (\u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Cen\u00e2iz, 63)<\/b><\/p>\n
Cen\u00e2zesine bile bu kadar ihtiram edilen insan\u0131n acaba can\u0131 ve r\u00fbhu ne kadar k\u0131ymetlidir?! Ruh, insana Allah taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcflenir.[1]<\/a> Bu sebeple \u0130sl\u00e2m nazar\u0131nda bir can, b\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011fa denk bir k\u0131ymet ifade eder. Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak \u015f\u00f6yle buyurur:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2026Kim, bir cana k\u0131ymayan veya yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde bozgunculuk \u00e7\u0131karmayan bir ki\u015fiyi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrse, b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f gibi olur. Kim de bir can\u0131n hayatta kalmas\u0131na ves\u00eele olursa b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlara hayat bah\u015fetmi\u015f gibi olur\u2026\u201d <\/b>(M\u00e2ide, 32)<\/b><\/p>\n Bu sebeple \u0130sl\u00e2m, haks\u0131z yere cana k\u0131ymay\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnahlardan saym\u0131\u015f ve insanlar\u0131 bu g\u00fcnahtan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir ceza koymu\u015ftur. Buna g\u00f6re haks\u0131z yere adam \u00f6ld\u00fcren kimse k\u0131s\u00e2sen \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bir ki\u015finin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesine \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan i\u015ftirak etmi\u015f olsa, hepsine de ayn\u0131 ceza verilir.[2]<\/a> Ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n can\u0131na k\u0131ymak bir tarafa, ki\u015finin kendi can\u0131na kastetmesi bile \u015fiddetle yasaklanm\u0131\u015f ve intihar etmek b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnahlardan say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna verilecek ceza da \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r ifadelerle ortaya konulmu\u015ftur. (Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, T\u0131bb, 56; M\u00fcslim, \u00cem\u00e2n, 175)<\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n bu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 sebebiyle Ras\u00fblullah r, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131yla bile sava\u015fmamak i\u00e7in elinden gelen b\u00fct\u00fcn gayreti sarfeder, onlarla anla\u015fabilmek i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterir, sava\u015fa ilk ba\u015flayan olmaz, d\u00fc\u015fman ba\u015flarsa o zaman h\u00fcc\u00fbm ederdi. Sava\u015fmak zorunda kal\u0131nca da az say\u0131da insan\u0131n \u00f6lmesi i\u00e7in ak\u0131ll\u0131ca taktikler uygulard\u0131. Mekke fethinde oldu\u011fu gibi \u00e7o\u011fu zaman d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131 kanlar\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fclmeden teslim olmaya mecbur b\u0131rak\u0131r, sonra da onlar\u0131 affederdi.<\/p>\n K\u0131saca s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse \u0130sl\u00e2m, insan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmekten ziyade ihy\u00e2 edip ebed\u00ee sa\u00e2dete erdirmeyi hedefler.<\/p>\n M\u00e2nev\u00ee Dirili\u015f<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2, de\u011fer verdi\u011fi insano\u011flunun d\u00fcnya ve \u00e2hirette huz\u00fbra kavu\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in peygamberler g\u00f6ndermi\u015f ve onlar v\u00e2s\u0131tas\u0131yla nas\u0131l bir hayat ya\u015famalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini \u00f6\u011fretmi\u015ftir. Yani Y\u00fcce Yarat\u0131c\u0131\u2019m\u0131z, din olarak ortaya koydu\u011fu k\u00e2idelere t\u00e2b\u00ee olarak d\u00fcnya ve \u00e2hirette rahat etmemizi istemektedir. Bu sebeple, g\u00fcnah ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck i\u015fleyen kimselere merhametle hit\u00e2b ederek \u201cEy kendilerine zulmeden kullar\u0131m, Allah\u2019\u0131n rahmetinden \u00fcm\u00eed kesmeyin, gelin vakit ge\u00e7meden tevbe ederek do\u011fru yola sar\u0131l\u0131n!\u201d buyurur. (Bkz. Z\u00fcmer, 53-54; Nis\u00e2, 97; Nahl, 28)<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah r insanlar\u0131n \u015firk ve b\u00e2t\u0131l inan\u00e7lardan kurtularak ebed\u00ee sel\u00e2mete ermeleri i\u00e7in \u00f6yle bir gayret i\u00e7indeydi ki, b\u00e2zen kendisini bu denli har\u00e2b etmemesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde il\u00e2h\u00ee \u00eek\u00e2z s\u00e2d\u0131r oluyordu.[3]<\/a> \u015eu had\u00ees-i \u015ferif, Peygamber Efendimiz\u2019in azim ve gayretini g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hayli ibretlidir:<\/p>\n \u201cBenimle sizin durumunuz \u015funa benzer: Bir adam ate\u015f yakar. Ate\u015f etraf\u0131 ayd\u0131nlat\u0131nca perv\u00e2neler (gece kelebekleri) ve ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 seven bir k\u0131s\u0131m hayvanlar bu ate\u015fe kendilerini atmaya ba\u015flar. Adamca\u011f\u0131z onlara m\u00e2n\u00ee olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Ancak hayvanlar galebe \u00e7alarak pek \u00e7o\u011fu ate\u015fe d\u00fc\u015fer. Ben, ate\u015fe d\u00fc\u015fmemeniz i\u00e7in sizi belinizden yakal\u0131yorum, ancak siz ate\u015fe at\u0131lmak i\u00e7in ko\u015fuyorsunuz!\u201d<\/i> <\/i>(Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Rik\u00e2k, 26)<\/p>\n Allah\u2019a iman eden insan hak\u00eek\u00ee dirili\u015fe mazhar oldu\u011fundan, Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc r herkesin iman etmesi i\u00e7in \u00e2z\u00e2m\u00ee gayret sarfediyordu. En az\u0131l\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131 dah\u00ee kelime-i \u015feh\u00e2det getirip m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olduklar\u0131nda hemen affediyor ve ash\u00e2b\u0131na da onlar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki z\u00e2lim\u00e2ne h\u00e2llerini hat\u0131rlatacak s\u00f6z ve davran\u0131\u015flardan uzak durmalar\u0131n\u0131 tembihliyordu. (V\u00e2k\u0131d\u00ee, II, 857-858)<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah r kendisine i\u015fkence eden insanlara bile beddua etmiyor, zamanla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri de\u011fi\u015fir veya nesillerinden s\u00e2lih insanlar gelir diye onlara hay\u0131r dualar ediyordu. Nitekim melekler, kendisine \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r i\u015fkence ve hakaretler eden T\u00e2if<\/b> halk\u0131<\/b>n\u0131 iki b\u00fcy\u00fck da\u011f aras\u0131nda ezmek istedilerinde Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc r buna r\u00e2z\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015f, onlar\u0131n neslinden tevh\u00eed ehli insanlar\u0131n gelmesi i\u00e7in niyazda bulunmu\u015ftur.[4]<\/a> Ger\u00e7ekten de T\u00e2if halk\u0131, hicr\u00ee 9. senede m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015ftur. (\u0130bn-i Hi\u00ad\u015f\u00e2m, IV, 134)<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah r Efendimiz\u2019in Uhud\u2019da m\u00fcbarek di\u015fi k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, aln\u0131 yaralanm\u0131\u015f, y\u00fcz\u00fcne do\u011fru kan ak\u0131yordu. Baz\u0131lar\u0131:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2012Y\u00e2 Ras\u00fblallah! O k\u00e2firler i\u00e7in beddua etseniz!\u201d dediler.<\/p>\n Ras\u00fblullah r \u015f\u00f6yle buyurdular:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2012Allah Te\u00e2l\u00e2 beni insanlar\u0131 \u00e7ok\u00e7a ay\u0131playan ve onlara l\u00e2net eden biri olarak g\u00f6ndermedi! Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak beni herkes i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00e7ok dua etmek ve insanlara rahmet olmak i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderdi. Allah\u2019\u0131m! Kavmimi ma\u011ffiret eyle, zira onlar bilmiyorlar!\u201d<\/i> (Beyhak\u00ee, \u015euab,<\/i> II, 164\/1447. Kr\u015f. M\u00fcslim, Birr, 87; Tirmiz\u00ee, Deav\u00e2t, 118)<\/p>\n Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc r Efendimiz b\u00fct\u00fcn gazvelerinde d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n hezimete u\u011framas\u0131 i\u00e7in dua etmi\u015f, ancak hel\u00e2k olmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in dua etmemi\u015ftir. Hendek Harbi\u2019nde melekler Efendimiz r\u2019in kalbini kuvvetlendirmek i\u00e7in inmi\u015fler ancak sava\u015fmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Sava\u015fm\u0131\u015f olsalard\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman askerlerinden pek\u00e7ok ki\u015fi \u00f6l\u00fcrd\u00fc. Yine Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak, Allah Ras\u00fbl\u00fc r Efendimiz\u2019e Sab\u00e2 r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u0131yla yard\u0131m etmi\u015ftir. Sab\u00e2, hel\u00e2k edici bir r\u00fczg\u00e2r de\u011fildir. So\u011fuk olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen yumu\u015fakt\u0131r. Ancak d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 sarsar, \u00e7ad\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ker, tencerelerini devirir, kalplerine korku verir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar, Allah ve Ras\u00fbl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn merhametleri sebebiyledir. \u0130nsan\u0131n hel\u00e2ki de\u011fil, gafletten uyanarak \u0131sl\u00e2h olmas\u0131 istenmektedir. Nitekim Hendek Harbi\u2019ne kat\u0131lan ve hez\u00eemete u\u011fray\u0131p d\u00f6nen m\u00fc\u015friklerin hemen hepsi daha sonra m\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Hendek\u2019te \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olsalard\u0131, ebed\u00ee bir h\u00fcsr\u00e2na d\u00fb\u00e7\u00e2r olacaklard\u0131.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n Evet, demek ki Cen\u00e2b-\u0131 Hak kullar\u0131n\u0131, Peygamber Efendimiz de \u00fcmmetini kolay kolay g\u00f6zden \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131yordu. Zira insan\u0131n Allah kat\u0131ndaki k\u0131ymeti, ba\u015fka bir \u015feyle k\u0131yas edilemeyecek kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. (\u0130bn-i M\u00e2ce, Fiten, 2)<\/p>\n Hz. Mevl\u00e2n\u00e2<\/b>\u2019ya g\u00f6re insan hay\u00e2le, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye s\u0131\u011fmayacak kadar y\u00fcce ve b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. O der ki:<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130nsan\u0131n ger\u00e7ek de\u011ferini s\u00f6ylesem, ben de yanar\u0131m d\u00fcnya da! Fakat ne yaz\u0131k ki insan de\u011ferini bilemedi, kendini ucuza satt\u0131. \u0130nsan asl\u0131nda \u00e7ok de\u011ferli bir atlas kuma\u015f iken kendini h\u0131rkaya yama yapt\u0131.\u201d<\/i> <\/i>(Mesnev\u00ee<\/i>, c. 3, beyt: 1000-1001)<\/p>\n \u015eeyh G\u00e2\u00adlib<\/b> de \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n insana verdi\u011fi k\u0131ymeti \u00f6z olarak \u015f\u00f6yle ifade eder:<\/p>\n Ho\u015f\u00ad\u00e7a bak z\u00e2\u00adt\u0131\u00adna kim z\u00fcb\u00adde-i \u00e2lem\u00adsin sen<\/p>\n Mer\u00add\u00fcm-i d\u00ee\u00adde-i ek\u00adv\u00e2n olan \u00e2dem\u00adsin sen<\/p>\n \u201cEy in\u00adsan, ken\u00addi var\u00adl\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131\u00adna ho\u015f\u00ad\u00e7a bak ki, sen, k\u00e2\u00adina\u00adt\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc\u00ads\u00fcn; var\u00adl\u0131k\u00adla\u00adr\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00adbe\u00adbe\u00ad\u011fi olan \u00e2dem\u00adsin…\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131ymet verdi\u011fi insana, kendi \u015feref ve haysiyetine m\u00fcn\u00e2sip haklar l\u00fctfetmi\u015ftir. \u0130sl\u00e2m devletinde ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n (az\u0131nl\u0131klar d\u00e2hil) sahip olduklar\u0131 temel haklardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n 1) B\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n can\u0131, mal\u0131 ve \u0131rz\u0131 emniyet alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131 tec\u00e2v\u00fczden korumak, siyas\u00ee iktidar\u0131 elinde bulunduranlar\u0131n temel vazifesidir.<\/p>\n 2) Hi\u00e7 kimsenin anadilini kullanmas\u0131na engel olunamaz.<\/p>\n 3) Herkes kanun kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda e\u015fit oldu\u011fu gibi diledi\u011fi inanc\u0131 ya\u015famakta serbesttir. Bu hususta bir bask\u0131 tatbik olunamaz. \u0130nsanlar, inan\u0131p kabul ettikleri kanunlara g\u00f6re muh\u00e2keme olma hakk\u0131na sahiptirler.<\/p>\n 4) Amme niz\u00e2m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan baz\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler h\u00e2ricinde kimsenin k\u0131yafetine kar\u0131\u015f\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n 5) E\u011fitim ve \u00f6\u011fretim serbest olup hi\u00e7 kimse bundan mahrum edilemez.<\/p>\n 6) Herkes ifade h\u00fcrriyetine sahiptir.<\/p>\n 7) Nesli korumak esast\u0131r.<\/p>\n 8) M\u00fcslim-gayr-i m\u00fcslim herkes \u00fclke d\u00e2hilinde diledi\u011fi yerde oturabilir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131 da ancak emniyet ve \u00e2mme nizam\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 maksad\u0131yla baz\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmalar getirilebilir.<\/p>\n 9) Herkes seyahat ve ticaret hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Bunlara da \u00e2mme menfaati d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir s\u00fbrette engel konulamaz\u2026<\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019\u0131n insana verdi\u011fi temel haklar\u0131 gayr-i m\u00fcslim devletler ancak as\u0131rlar sonra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n \u0130sl\u00e2m\u2019a g\u00f6re insan\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, onun temel insan haklar\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli bir sebeptir. Bu fikir F\u0131k\u0131h\u2019taki \u201c\u0130smet \u00e2demiyetledir<\/b>: Dokunulmazl\u0131k ve temel haklar, insan olmak hasebiyledir\u201d esas\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131 bu h\u00fck\u00fcmleriyle, \u00e2lem\u015f\u00fcm\u00fbl bir yakla\u015f\u0131m benimsemi\u015f, hi\u00e7bir zaman insanlar aras\u0131nda din, \u0131rk, cinsiyet, s\u0131n\u0131f ve vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ayr\u0131m\u0131 yapmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n [1]<\/a> Hicr, 29; Secde, 9; S\u00e2d, 72.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [2]<\/a> Buh\u00e2r\u00ee, Diy\u00e2t, 21.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n [3]<\/a> Kehf, 6; \u015euar\u00e2, 3.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
<\/p>\n
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